MODEM BUBAL M1W h ¥OEEIE, 
ltslKtnbrii. 
II. 8. HAND ALL, LL. D., EDITOR, 
Of Conti.iNn VlLi.tg*, Conn .and Cockty, Nkw York. 
Au 
effect, of every clause and word was carefully 
ghed, we never once heard the idea ad¬ 
vanced either Unit wo wore framing, or that 
there existed any good reason* for framing, 
an exclusive blood classification. 
Thu first time wo over heard this interpre¬ 
tation given to the act, was at Boston, at 
tho meeting of the Growers' and Manufactu¬ 
rers’ Committees to examine and report on 
tho standard samples of wool for the Custom 
a have received, on application to the Houses, collected by Mr.GisoiuraW. Bond. 
tiiry of the Treasury, the following im- That gentleman, in explaining his selections, 
advanced the theory that tho tariff was a 
blood tariff," as lie termed it. But wo did 
not at tho time gather the impression from 
him that he carried this view to anything 
EAST INDIA WOOLS: 
Important Kulinsr try (lie Treasury 
Department. 
We 
Secretary 
portant ruliug of his predecessor in office, in 
regard to the classification of East India 
wools: 
TnBAsenr DkpartmSnT,F eb. 26, isoo. 
Sir : — On tho 28 th or December last, kiinest pi te the extent to which it, is carried in the 
Heyh, K*q.,onllo,t the attention of thin Department _ tu„ TmnmiFtt in 
to an importation by him. per St. Hiunnrtn, of twenty- ruling Ot tliO SCCTOtOiy Ot the Irc.lHlliy ill 
six bules of Rust Indian wool, which on the 27th of [he iIlOYIC CUSO. Afl ill'. Bond’s tllCOl'y Uiul 
tho prnopdinK mouth he had entered m» su etnas u( ^ |,i ln practically to any different re- 
Carpet wool. , 1 . . , Z ,_.■, 
It Rppcmr* that the Appralawr nt your port In of the wilts- —80 fur UH hi# hOlOCtlOll Ot Biuupkifi JUKI 
opinion ihnt tim wool in qneettou i» Ch>thin« wool, cx (, ended—than would hftvo followed ft sc- 
and 1 b embraced In (-’lag* 1 of the Act of Mareh 31. , , . . , i ,■ , „ ,,, n , v i 1( , 
1867 ; that lfc I* of a finer tirade of wool than the finest lection on the basis intended b\ those x\ i > 
standard sample of East. India Carpet wools In Class drafted UlO lftW, find 88 lie had DO official 
3, contained tn the cabinet of samples furnished by c()UUOction w \ [h tbo administration of the 
this Department, as provided for in tho Act just 
named. 
A very extend ml correspondence In relation to tills 
subject lias lukou place between this Department 
and tlio Collectors and Appraisers at New York and 
Boston, respectively, and. I regret to say, without ar¬ 
riving at ns satisfactory a result.as usually marks tho 
Investigations of the Department. 
The experts at Boston are very positive In the ox- 
hiw, the Grower’* Committee, on consulta¬ 
tion, did not consider it necessary to consume 
time by taking any issue with him on the 
question 
Wo have made the preceding explana¬ 
tions, uot because any prior or subsequent 
prcsslbn of their opinion Unit iho wool in question is t m |ividuftl agreements or view* can affect tho 
K;ist India wool, ami should bo classed as Sd Class ° , , , . , 
Carpet wool; while the experts of Now York adhere construction ot a Statute; out. to allow mat 
with equal firmness to thu views of the Appraiser 
there, viz.: that Iks proper plneo Is In Class I, as 
Clothing wool. Under those circumstances It be¬ 
comes my duly to determine the Question. 
The class!Mention by rnen or blood of wools Im¬ 
ported Into this country, though known to be unequal 
in some cases, wit a nevertheless agreed to, under 
tho belief that it was tho only ruin by which any W ools partly by race or blood, and partly by 
system enuld bo established, securing anything like . ’ \. ,i;tT»Vont 
uniformity. their character or adaptuton to tiitioicnt 
It excludes many four •> woulsof Ihn race or blood manufactures. WllCIl blood terms or llCSl 
..I In u.e 1 st ami u classes, which aro really Iia fl onft(!an employed to render the 
lit for nothing but carpet purposes, whilst on thu . • , 
other band wools tit for other purposeii than carpet i boundaries betWCCH 11 It* C108808 mom pt'Ct'IHl 
might lie Included In :bl Class, hilt ns the per cenlago Dlilgiblc, Ol' will gllftl'd better ilgaillHt 
in either grade thus excluded or otntiriieod Iseoru- n • , 
parntlvelv tndgnlllcant, no Interest iiiutonnll.V HUlhns CVtCSlOllS, they Silt* II8C< I ; wIl'MI .V lu 1,1 
' .. ..«• i ■ i*...i ..p i._,.r 
in repudiating, on the port of growers, tho 
theory of a “blood tariff,” we tin not, violate 
good faith, or ignore any former imderstand- 
ing with other interests. 
Tho tariff nominally classifies imported 
practicable, from a want of knowledge ol 
the blood to be classified, or would creati 
distinctions difficult to li<> recognized or car 
is 
by the pruotloo. 
The Department's decision on Canada wool eltp- 
pinjrs. styled Peddler's wool, and aimt Mint upon IIIkIi 
laud wool, were made with a full knowledge that. In 
one cake I Peddler's wool ruse.) the i nllna of tho De¬ 
partment Woltld bo prohibitory of tho importation of 
the article, and that, in tho latter case (fliylilunfl 
word) the decision would unquestionably enoonr/igo 
the Importation of a tillin' wool, ns Carpet wool, lliuu 
is usually imported for carpels. 
If, therefore, tho twenty-six bales imported by 
EltNKcT IlKVB are native East India wool of un- 
mixod blood, Its proper elussitleat ion. In my opinion 
is in Class 3; the question of fineness, or the tael 
that It oun ho used In sortie of Mm coarse nmiiufnc- 
turca Of wool, do not override tho rule of elassllloa 
lion by race or blood. I am, very respectfully, 
(Signed,) II. McCulloch, 
See. of the Treasury. 
II. A, S.mytiik, Esq.,Collector,New York. 
Though Mr. McCulloch is a very decided 
free-trader, wo have been of those who he 
lievetl him conscientiously anxious to exe 
cute the tariff act of March 2d, 18(t?, accord 
itig to the letter and spirit, of its provisions. 
It is not nccessury now to discuss Hie qiies 
tion whether these impressions went well 
founded or not. Bo that m it may, the tic 
cision above must, in our judgment, strike 
every intelligent person who in l'anfiliurwitb 
the law and the facts, ns obviously unsound, 
as baaed on erroneous assumptions, and sup¬ 
ported by nothing that deserves (lie name of 
reasoning. To refresh the memory of our 
readers, we will quote the classification of 
wools contained in tho tariff, to wit: 
CLASS 1—CLOTHINfi WOOL. 
That la to say. Merino. Mqatl.ia, MmU, or Metis 
wools, or other wools of Merino Idood. luiun-dlalo or 
round,n; dowai oloUilug wools, and wools of Ilka 
cliurnotor with any of me preceding. Including nuoh 
as have boon hcrcWorti usually Impotted Into Mm 
United Hlates front ouetton Ayres, New Zealand, 
Australia, >J ipe of I (Olid ft, >pc, llllt, sill, (it eat. Blltlil It, 
Cauadli ami elsew here, anil also Including nil 'voola 
not herolnuftcr derforlhed or designated In Classes 
two uiul three. 
CLASS 2 Cl I.’I BINO WOOLS. 
That Is to say, Leicester. Ootswohl, l.tneolnshtrn, 
dow n ,'oiuLing wools of Kitulk-li Ltood, and usually 
known by the -ertus lierel 
the alpaca, go .t, uiuloMo 
CLASS a-CAHPCr A 
Such u» Donskoi, native South A clerical), Oordovtt, 
Valparaiso, native .Smyrna, and fticliidilig all Btloh 
w ools of like eimr.mt.a- as have hee.u horoioforo uhu- 
ully Imported into tho United stuLea from Turkey, 
Greece, Egypt, Syria and elsewhere. 
And thu law contains the following pro¬ 
vision as to the mode of executing it: 
“ Km- the pnrpose of eurryln/; Into effect the Olusst- 
tleation heroin provided, a Miittoieut numlmr <d dis¬ 
tinctive samples of the various klndtt nt wool nr hair 
emhraee,| in eurli of tin- three classes above named, 
selected amt prepared under tlm dli v l hni of the Hec- 
retai'v of thn Treasury, and duly ver'lled l»y him, aho 
standard samples luting retained lo tile Treasury De- 
partnienl I sllttll budeposited in the eustom houses 
and elseWhoie, as he muyillruet, which samples »|iall 
be us'-d by the proper olilcer* of the customs to de¬ 
termine the ola.-aes ahove speeltled, to which all Im¬ 
ported wools lieloiiK." 
Iii view ol' the above provision* of the 
act, wltat authority has Mr. McCulhk ii for 
stating that a daks ideation exclusively “ by 
race or blood" was “ agreed to," for I lie reas¬ 
ons assigned, or for any other masons V Does | to Bay, from any actual knowledge lie pos- 
he mean that Congress passed the hill with 
such a prior understanding as to its effects? 
Not a word can be found in any report or 
speech made in that body, nor can any other 
fact l»o shown giving the least color to such 
an assumption. Or, docs Mr. McCulloch 
mean that the joint committee of wool 
growers and manufacturers who framed the 
draft of the bill agreed to this principle of 
classificat ion V We were a member of that 
joint committee, participated in all its pro¬ 
ceedings, autl hope, under the present cir¬ 
cumstances, to be excused for saying that 
we had as much to do with establishing the 
basis and terms of the classification as any 
of our colleagues. And we assert, wilhouL 
fear of contradiction, that in all the extended 
discussions on the subject, during which the 
ried out, tho descriptive classification 
made partly or wholly by character. Thus 
in Gloss I, Merino wool of alt grades is classi¬ 
fied by blood. But English Down wool i 
classified partly by bit toil and partly by 
character. Only that portion of it which is 
clothing wool is included in Class t. Flown 
combing wool goes into Glass 2 . Yet the 
sheep which produce these tliffiTcnt kinds ot 
wool arc quite as nearly related by race or 
blood as are the different grades of Merinos. 
Had their classification, then, been tnado ex¬ 
clusively by blood, it. would have been 
necessary to include all Down wools in one 
class, as in the ease of Merino wools, or else 
specify what grades, or sub-varieties, or 
crosses of them, should he respectively in 
eluded in each of these classea. But the 
last mode could not have been made to ac¬ 
complish the object iu view, because a. por¬ 
tion of tin* established Down varieties do ! 
not uniformly produce wool of tlio same 
character;* and became new crosses nild 
new modifications effected by individual 
breeders are constantly ehanglug the bound 
aries of blood a nd wool character in the off 
shoots of this race. Under such circrnn- 
hIjuici'S a blood classification would establish 
no permanent, and recognizable distinction, 
and therefore a, classification by character 
became necessary. 
Again, Glass t, after embracing all wool of 
Merino blood, immediate or remote, and 
down clothing wool, is also made to include 
“ wools of like character with any of the 
preceding." The words which follow neither 
rein tisbrii tiod alsoull huir o'f express nor imply any limitation as to race 
ahei-lilioaniuiuls. 1 .... J . 
Nt, oTi.t.t si.--in. a it WOOLS. or 1 ll(! . provision covers, m explicit 
terms, wool of any blood or any country, 
provided it is of like character to the preced¬ 
ing, or in other words, provided it is cloth¬ 
ing wool- 
ill Class 3, no attempt is mado to desig¬ 
nate the kinds of wools included by terms 
which necessarily express or imply particu¬ 
lar race or blood. It was impracticable to so 
designate them, o.wiug to the want, of relia¬ 
ble information in regard to the actual race 
or blood to which many of them belong. 
The commercial or local designation applied 
in the tariff to these wools indicate their 
c/nmtch r. In‘.cause like wools have been 
habitually imported from the same countries 
under the same names; but who is prepared 
“all such wools of like character as have 
been heretofore usually imported into' the 
United Stales” from any portion of the 
world. Is it supposuble that any custom 
louse appraiser can distinguish or determine 
the actual blood of all these wools? The 
idea is obviously preposterous. 
The moat experienced and sklllfid apprais¬ 
er can only do this. 1 le cau become very 
familiar with the character of the wools usu¬ 
ally imported — so much so as to be able to 
identity many of them without learning their 
place of export, lie can also determine with 
certainty what other wools are of like chnr- 
achr iu these. In a few eases lie may know 
the blood by character ami place of growth. 
In a majority of eases he cau know nothing 
about the blood, — for “ like character" does 
not necessarily imply like blood. His actual 
criterion of e.lusflUlcutioii is character ; blood 
is but an incident of no practical import¬ 
ance or eftect iu the premises. 
The above explanation of the tariff classi¬ 
fication is consistent, with tho let ter and ob¬ 
ject of the law. That object, was to protect 
American wools (which are all clothing or 
Combing wools), from foreign competition by 
higher duties than are Imposed on non-com¬ 
peting (carpet) wools. And the system estab¬ 
lished by the law, and acted on by the dia¬ 
tom -house officials prior to the interference 
of the Treasury Department, satisfactorily 
carried out that intent. The decision in the 
ITeye case, as far as it goes, defeats the object 
of the law. It admits competing wool at 
non protective duties. It invades the prin 
ciplc of the tariff, ami breaks iu upon the 
consistency of its action and effects. And 
we shall lake the liberty of saying that all 
this is done on a, fanciful theory ol interpret¬ 
ation not. contemplated by those who framed 
or passed the law, and which is wholly tm 
sustained by its terms. 
We regard Mr. MuGulloch’s conclusions 
as erroneous anil impracticable, even on the 
“ blood theory," “ Native East. India w ool, 
of unmixed blood,” or, indeed, East lmlla 
wool of any description, is not even named 
in (Im tariff classificat ion. It can, then, only 
come into Class 3, tinder the provision w hich 
admits “all such wools of like character," Ote. 
Now, if the words “like character" really 
mean tiled blooel, they do not admit hast India 
wools, for them is nothing to show that the 
latter arc of tho same race or blood with any 
it the varieties previously enumerated. If 
like character" do not mean 
then the exclusive blood theory 
falls to the ground. 
The decision is substantially impracticable 
in execution, for who can say with certainty 
of any wool received frn»n Hindustan* 1 that 
It is “native East India wool of unmued 
bloodi”’ This last qualification is not ap¬ 
plied in the tariff to any description or class 
of wool. It requires a condition which not 
one importer in a thousand coukl show to 
o 
the words 
“ like blood 
season oil the subject, what or bow many races 
or breeds of sheep many of these names 
cover? 8omc of our imported carpet, wools 
are grown in remote interior regions of Asia 
and Africa, whoso sheep have not been 
identified by naturalists, or perhaps even 
described by travelers. There is not proba¬ 
bly a wool importer In New York who can 
say with certainty what, particular races or 
breeds produce some of the most familiar 
kinds of carpet wool lie deals in. And to 
add to the uncertainty, so far us blood is con¬ 
cerned, this class, like Class 1, after its enu¬ 
meration of certain leading varieties, includes 
♦The oM South or Hnxsttx Downs of pure blood 
lisituljy product) cMhino wool. The CbH’oriWJiU-M 
Downs, crossed with ih« l.oinz-w-uil , esunlly pro. 
duco camhlnQ wool. The Hampsulra and Shropshire 
Downs occupy an Intermedium pi,ice in respect, to 
l(*i)-.ttl) of wool, some oj them producing clothing 
and some of them combing wool. 
exist, in regard to even tho beat known 
wools. If it consisted with the theory of an 
exclusive blood tariff to determine the gen¬ 
eral or prevailing blood, by character, no 
man practically familiar with the subject 
will claim for an instant that every cross or 
mixture of blood can be detected by the mo.il 
critical examination of t he character of wool. 
Tho omission by the framers of the law to 
uaiiio East India wools in the classification 
was not accidental. It was known to them 
that Hindustan produced clothing as well as 
carpet wools. But it WHS not known with 
certainty what breeds of sheep produced 
ilir.se different kinds of wool whether they 
were of tile same or different races, Am. 
Under such circumstances specific designa¬ 
tions could not bu safely adopted. Nor 
were they in the least, necessary; as, under 
the provisions contained in Glass 1 and 
Glass H, East India wools would respectively 
fall into those classes according to their 
character. 
And the growers who aided in framing 
the law felt that iu the last, clause of Cluss 1, 
(which makes that, class include “all wools 
not hereinafter described or designated in 
Glasses 2 and 3,") they constituted a sweep 
ing safeguard against the introduction of 
any clothing or combing wools, whetl 
from East India or elsewhere, in Class 3. 
Are East India clothing wools described or 
designated directly or by implication in 
cither Gloss 2 or Glass 3V No one will 
make such a pretence. Yet. Mr. McCtiL- 
i,ocn, by his decision in thu IIkye ease, has 
wholly disregarded this plain and express 
provision of t he law. 
Samples of East India wool were include! 
among those submitted to the. Growers’ am 
Manufacturers’ Committees who examine! 
the standard samples for tlm custom houses 
The finest, wool of this kind presented was 
marked No. 84 in the cabinets, and it wan 
carpet wool. On inquiry being made, Mr 
Bond wo think stated Hurt, he had been 
iniahld to secure samples of the finer East 
India wools.f 
We know that the Growers’ Committee 
would have unanimously scouted the idea ot 
including these wools in (’lass 3, and would 
have assented lo it under no cireumslances 
whatever. And we have not. a particle of 
doubt that the Manufacturers’ Committee 
would have concurred with them. There 
was not an instance of a divided vote be¬ 
tween the Committees. The manufacturers 
showed every disposition to carry out tho 
provisions of the law impartially, and they 
were not then (and we trust are not now,) 
infected with any theory hostile to the letter 
and spirit of the wool tariff. Bee rotary Mc¬ 
Culloch's decision ns completely ignores 
the law in respect to tho use of the standard 
samples in the custom houses, as in regard 
to its principle of classification. 
The most decided opponents of protection, 
engaged in the wool trade, construed the 
tariff as placing tlio finest, East India wools 
in Class I. The noted New York house of 
TjBLLKAMt’F & Kitciilnu Biios. have uni¬ 
formly so quoted them in their Monthly 
Wool Circular. We have not. seen any tmb- 
lic expression of contrary views, prior to the 
remarkable decision in the J I eye case. Had 
they been entertained, we should have had 
more of these wools in our markets. 
Mr. McCulloch’s allusion to the fact, that 
lie has decided questions of classification 
sometimes in favor of one interest, and .some¬ 
times of another; his seeming willingness to 
have it. inferred that these decisions, to sonic 
extent offset each other in their effects on the 
opposed interests; and his virtual statement 
that, they affect only “comparatively insig¬ 
nificant" amounts of wool, have not, so Ihr 
ns we can discover, any particular beating 
on the legal questions involved iu the IIkye 
case. \Ve have not. space now to review the 
prior rulings alluded to; bill we ik> not conour 
in the idea that they balance each other in 
their effects; and we entirely dissent, from 
the proposition that, they are insignificant in 
their consequences. 
Already the New York Economist, the 
ultra organ of free-trade, assumes that “ the 
name ruling applies to Angora and other line 
Mediterranean wools." This is not so. The 
decision now applies only to the wool spe 
eitieully named, But thu same theory ear 
ried out, and made general in its application, 
may embrace the wools in question and poa- 
sibly others. 
There will bo no lack of efforts, on the 
pari, of free traders, in that and every other 
hostile direction. These have been compin' 
atively quiet, during tlm death like pro-tra 
Lion of tho wool interest for tho hist t wo 
years. But. tho first returning gleams of 
prosperity to tlio growers have again reused 
them into activity. Combined with their ef¬ 
forts will be the efforts of a. elans of trailers 
who will resort to every possible evasion and 
fraud to defeat the object and legitimate ad 
ministration of the wool tin ill'. 
We trust, tlm present Beei’clary of ttie 
Treasury will reverse tlm ruling of his pre¬ 
decessor in the IIkye case. We believe Mr. 
Bout well loo good a lawyer to let that do 
cision stand. And wo can but believe 
hat the wool tariff will he fairly executed 
mnler his administration of tho Treasury 
lopartineut. 
iyitnil ^rcljfitfrturf. 
i> V, 
THE FARM BARN. 
IIY .1. WILKINSON. 
* East, Irxlla wi>ol8, so-oalloa, nro grown In British 
India or Hindustan, and am shipped from Bombay to 
England, or <11 root to the United Htutcs. 
+■ Thev wore not then In market. Wo soon after¬ 
wards made a strong effort to procure samples from 
the ousfffini houses a ad tram eminent wool Importers, 
but witho .it success. 
[Continued from page 213. last number.] 
The Silling 
is more durable if put, in vertically than when 
the boards lay horizontally. 
Tin/ joints bet ween the boards should be 
battened closely. 
Tho basement floor should be but a, trifle 
above the grade of the yard, that, no step 
may he required in the cattle, door ways. 
This is for the safety anti comfort of tho ani¬ 
mals and convenience in removing the man¬ 
ure with the barrow or truck. 
Tlm front of the. stable, which is towards 
the south, should consist throughout of win¬ 
dows, with intervening studs or posts. Tho 
head of the \\ Indow frames should extend to 
tho ceiling Of the stable, and the sills should 
lie but two inches above the stable floor, to 
which height a brick or stone foundation 
should extend. 
The sash should be protected within and 
without, and bo lmng to the head of the 
frame with hinges, so that "t he entire front 
may he opened in warm weather. 
Tlte Granary 
should he suspended under the main drive¬ 
way, where it can lie filled through trap 
doors iu the floor, and the grain may he 
drawn out by the use of slides, on tho feed¬ 
ing passage floor, for cooking and feeding. 
This arrangement I have found to be rat 
proof, more convenient and more econonti 
cully provided for than in any other position 
in or about the barn. 
TIid Corn Crib 
should also lie suspended, or constructed 
without supports to the ground, and be so 
built that the floor of it is on a level with 
the main drive-way, that it may b« filled and 
emptied from if. Tho crib should project 
from the main wall of tho building to I,ha 
south or over the yard. If should la* closely ■ 
inclosed on till sides, except ventilating open 
jugs in each gable and tlm floor, wliiob 
should tic latticed. Tho partition between 
the mow and the crib sliouhl 1>« rat proof. 
The only windows required in the princi¬ 
pal story are one of liberal size in each gable, 
near thu ridge, one in each of tho sliding 
drive way doors, two corresponding ones at 
the opposite end of the main drive-way floor, 
and one at either end of all hay feeding pas¬ 
sages. A very common error in barn build¬ 
ing is that of providing a large amount of 
lattice windows or other openings in tho 
walls inclosing the mows for hay and grain. 
They are not only unnecessary, hut Injuri¬ 
ous, for if is a well established fact Hint hay, 
insufficiently cured, is loss injured in u oloso 
mow than in an open one or in the stuck. 
Windows, whether glazed or lattice, are the 
expensive portion of tho walls of a building, 
mid being superfluous they should he omit¬ 
ted, and their cost may he applied in supply¬ 
ing important features generally omitted on 
account of their cost. 
But some of that numerous class who 
would sacrifice comfort, convenience and 
economy, for appearance, will say, “ Why, 
what a barn like looking structure will a 
building without windows be." True, and 
t hat is just, the appearance the bam should 
have. 
A FTnmo lluiltllmr 
should have its lbtimlafiousbf stone or brick, 
carried up to a point that, u ill protect the 
sills from decay. The framing should be so 
designed that no girders shall extend across 
the building, except in the gables, as they 
are unnecessary and very much in the way 
in storing and removing liay and grain. 
With the most approved modem system 
of framing, there will be no limber required 
in tho frame of tho largest barn more tlnm 
7 x 7 , except some trimmers under the mow 
floors, wliiob, of course, should lie in pro¬ 
portion lo the space between bearings and 
tho weight to be sustained. 
I'olliti'N for IC/mt Ht(»rtin«> 
should tie. arched vaults in thu Imnk north 
of the building,htit should open through Hie 
north foundation wall into the basement, 
stables, and tho floors of tho vaults and that 
of the stable should tie on thu same level. 
The root vault may be \eyy conveniently 
filled by shutes in tho arch, which are very 
convenient of ftcoe.ss, being iu tho open 
grounds. With this arrangement, tho roots 
may he assorted by Hcreouing, and all loose 
earth removed at. very trifling cost. 
The steaming apparatus and steam engine, 
if one is used, Should also bo placed in a 
vault, located tho same, with regard to tlm 
Htalilcs, as the root vaults, only that tho en¬ 
gine tint I steaming vault should have why- 
lights and ventilator* in the arch; also, 
shutes for fuel. 
All danger from the tiro used in generat¬ 
ing steam for power and cooking, may be 
avoided it the boiler is thus located and the 
smoke stuck is arranged ns it should lie, a 
proper distance from the building, by laying 
thu smoke flue in Iho ground and connect¬ 
ing it. with a perpendicular slack. 
All the live stock of every dosori'pUon 
kept, on the farm should tie kept iu and 
about Iho farm barn, na they oun Is* more 
economically provided with water and earctl 
for iu less time and with less labor, ami 
are seen oflener when thus congregated than 
when scattered. 
The Sheep-Folit iiihI Sties 
both require sunny positions and thorough 
protection from cold and storms. The best 
position is provided for them by extending 
the bank wall on which the north side of the 
barn rests, in a direct line on both plunks, 
to lint extent that it will admit of building 
accommodations for sheep tit one end of the 
barn and for swine tit tlm other. Tim floors 
of both should lie level with, aiul open to, 
the basement of the barn on either end. 
The food for the swine should lie cooked 
and kept hi a warm vault iu the hank, which 
should open to the sties the same tts the root 
cellar opens to t ho stables. A portion of the 
roof of tlm sties should he glazed with mova¬ 
ble sash, so as to secure the benefit of solar 
heat in winter - very important, especially 
for young pigs. 
The sheep-fold should bo similarly ar¬ 
ranged, only that the food will be kept in 
the loll of the barn, and in the same cooking 
room In which food is prepared for the cattle 
and the horses, where it will have all neces¬ 
sary protection. These apartments will tm 
ventilated by tho same process used in tho 
stables. Securing solar influence is quite us 
important, to early lambs us to pigs, and good 
provision for raising early lambs is always 
very profitable.—[To be continued. 
rtlnlroascM will wear out; but a remedy lias 
been found by M. Oajceau, by using thin plates 
of aluminum bronze. He reports mu experiment 
mado iu a factory, whore plates of common 
bronze on ttm stairs, ouo-hulf Inch thick, worn 
worn out. in six weeks, whilo plates of aluminum 
bronze, onc-el;ditti inch thick, remain just tlm 
same ns when now, after eleven months of ser¬ 
vice. Aluminum bronze Is merely copper, with 
from eight to ten per cent , of aluminum. 
r t w i T m tr tx '.it - -r/»x rwxmrx ncmns/CMi 
