ground is wet it will be necessary to double 
the quantity of cement for the first course 
The door and window frames should be 
made of two Inch plank, as wide as tin; wall 
is thick, anti should have nailed upon the 
side that comes next to the concrete a strip 
ot hoard two inches wide, which will keep 
it in place when the wall is completed. If 
it is desired that the outside of the wall 
should be smoother than the inside, till the 
curb from the inside, as the side of the curb 
that is filled first is filled with smaller grains 
of gravel, the larger ones rolling to the low¬ 
est aide. 
A wall of this material costs, where one 
con get Hie gravel delivered for seventy-five 
cents per yard, about what brick would cost 
to build one of the same thickness—or about 
half what it would cost, to build of brick , 
and when brick are all crumbled with age 
this is better than when first made. Care 
must be used in putting the sills upon this 
kind of wall before it becomes solid. Care 
should lie taken, also, tocoverthc wall, when 
green, from rains, by laying boards on top 
of the curb, inside the supports, to shed the 
rain. l. c. 
Tama City, Tuiua Co., Iowa. 
Tatra I Arrljxtrrfnrr 
beep lljnslntniirii 
[From tliki Southern (Memphis) Farmer.J 
Wk give an article from an old Virginia 
friend who has had experience in the past, 
and ia therefore competent to give facts and 
figures, lie has been (and is now) a citizen 
of Texas, and we believe (without a right to 
say he will) that he can lie iuduced to handle 
a sheepfold of one thousand ewes, if a com¬ 
pany can be raised with means to procure 
laud and settle down in the southern tier of 
counties of Mississippi. If it would lake a 
capital of $5,000 to put all tilings going, it 
would be worth over 800 per cent, in five 
years, and the one great thing not considered, 
1,000 acres of pine land that is now worth 
perhaps as many dollars would he in con¬ 
dition to produce nearly 1,000 bales of cot¬ 
ton the first year. Old sheep herders affirm 
1,000 head of sheep will give a good ma¬ 
nuring each night to an acre. By proper 
care of sheep, and of course use of cotton 
seed meal, such ft flock os 1,000 to begin 
upon would, in five years, umke 1,000 acres 
rich. We invite scrutiny of our financiers 
and monied men: 
Hlieea ItuHbnmlry in the South. 
Editor Southern Farmer : — For the 
benefit of those readers of your paper who 
feel interested in developing the agricultural 
resources of the South, 1 have, with the as¬ 
sistance of a recorded practical experience, 
accumulated by many years’ personal con¬ 
sideration and attent ion to sheep husbandry, 
compiled the following tabular results for 
convenience of reference, and to enable a 
novice in this business to see what may be 
realized with industry, energy and good 
management, prosecuting this Important 
branch of agriculture in the Gulf States. Es¬ 
timating the annual increase at only eighty 
per cent, of the number of breeding ewes in 
the flock—allowance thus being made for all 
losses by death or otherwise, which estimate 
1 find, on calculation, very nearly to accord 
with actual progress in a flock constituted of 
twelve hundred picked grade ewes, served 
by thorough-bred rams; and further, sup¬ 
posing that a sale annually can be effected, 
at remunerative prices, for the wethers, and 
owes ill adapted to breeding culled from the 
flocks; also a, suitable location, with all the 
necessary fixtures, lias been obtained, and 
adequate, reliable skilled labor secured, with 
a governing head practically familiar with 
all the details of management, then on this 
basis the figures in the tabic may be relied 
on during the term of years stated; 
Expense for suit, tar and I V 8 ^ S 9, 
mmll clrm. -v A . . 
Annual aggregate expouW 5 J 8 3 g § 
fur labor. ® . 9 3 IS _ 
H. S. RANDALL, LL, D., EDITOR, 
Of Cortland Yillaok, Cortland County, New York. 
AN OHIO CORN-CRIB 
M. II. Richards sends us the following 
sketches of an Ohio corn-crib of which he 
says:—Figure 1 is an illustration of a very 
ENGLISH SHEEP, 
John C. James, Goochland, Va., writes: Northern States our scorching summers 
“ Please let me know the difference between render the grass comparatively short and 
Cotswold and South Down sheep, and the dry between summer and autumn—iaaea- 
peculinr characteristics of each.” A Florida sous when there is no unusual drouth. Our 
correspondent asks:—'“Which is the best winters are long and cold, and usually too 
English breed, and which do you think snowy to feed turnips, without putting them 
would do best here ?" The general facts in warm cellars—thus making it necessary 
asked for by Mr. James are 90 well known to pull them, trim them, carry them in anti 
to the great mass of the readers of this de- out, and cut them for feeding. Grain sub- 
partment, and are so accessible on all sides, stitutes for them are expensive. Labor is 
in books and other publications, that we high. Markets are often distant. In our 
cannot properly take space for other than a Southern States the drying up of grass in the 
very brief and superficial reply. The Cots- latter part, of summer and fall is more com- 
wolds are one of the largest English long- plcte and prolonged, especially when the 
wool breeds—sometimes reaching two bun- native or “ wild grasses " are depended on. 
dred and fifty pounds in the ram and two The seasons are too dry for turnips. Their 
hundred pounds intheewe, live weight. The most available substitutes in winter require 
average live weight of store Hocks of the a system of husbandry which the South is 
grown sheep we should say would not • not now prepared to enter upon. But there 
greatly vary from one hundred and filly ' is no need of discussing this point until we 
pounds. Their wool is usually six or eight learn wliat vegetation can be found ccono- 
inches long, and is a guocl, strong, mellow, mlcally to supply the want of green, nutri- 
rather coarse combing wool. They will not 
herd well, except iu small flocks. To be 
profitable, they require abundant and nutri¬ 
tious keep summer and winter. 
South Down flocks of grown sheep weigh 
alive, in good store condition, say one hun¬ 
dred pounds. They have dark colored faces 
and legs. They are termed middle-wool 
sheep, their wool being two or three inches 
shorter than Cotswold. Much of it is long 
enough for combing, and is combed; but is 
inferior in quality for that purpose to the 
wool of the iong-woolcd varieties. The old 
unimproved South Downs herded well in 
large numbers. The highly improved mod¬ 
ern variety is perhaps somewhat superior 
in that particular to the largo long- 
wool families, but is infinitely inferior to 
the Merino. The same change has oc¬ 
curred in regard to easy keeping and hardi¬ 
ness under privation. The old English 
accounts put them nearly on a par with 
Merinos in these respects. Now, to develop 
the quality of a mutton sheep, they require 
abundant and constant good keep. South 
Down mutton is esteemed better than any 
other brought into market, but as there is a 
much greater demand for cheap mutton (if 
well fattened) than for choice mutton, tin; 
price does not usually differ in England, ac¬ 
cording to our recollection, only about two 
cents a pound. The South Downs are fa- 
FiatiRE 1. 
convenient, and substantial double corn-crib 
with a wagon slicd between. Such a crib 
can be built any size and filled with grain 
without the least sign of weakness, One is 
a brace for the other, and the more grain 
you have in it the, firmer it will be. It is 
useless for me to explain how the timbers 
should be [nit together, and where every 
door should he cut out, when one glance at 
the illustration will answer. 
rrbsimm 
WESTERN NEW YORK CATTLE 
DISEASE. 
I notice in your valuable paper of Oct. 
JOlli an article on the cattle disease that lias 
been prevailing over Western New York 
since the 1st, of September last. I will give 
you my opinion with regard to it. I am 
fully decided in my own mind as to the 
cause, and have been from the beginning, 
although but few of my neighbors have 
agreed with me, some calling it the “ scab,” 
some the “ cow pox,” and more of them say, 
“ I don’t know what it is.” 
I live five miles west of the city of Roch¬ 
ester, where nearly every farm lias its dairy 
of cows to supply milk for city consumption. 
And every dairy has been more or less af¬ 
fected by this great “scare.” I call it “scare,” 
for milkmen have had hard work to sell their 
milk to city people, as they imagined the 
milk was diseased. 
I know of one man who could milk but 
two, as they should be milked, out of his 
dairy of fourteen cows, on account of sore 
teats; tlm others were milked so imperfectly 
that the milk was tainted by remaining in 
lb(! udder too long, and be gave it U* the 
bogs. In order to have good milk, cows 
should be stripped clean of their milk both 
morning and night. But probably they 
have all done the best they could under the 
circumstances. Many have lmd to let their 
cows dry up entirely. And many have let 
their cows’ udders cake and break, and lose 
one or two teals, all in consequence of not 
being able to milk them. 
I am satisfied that the mosquitoes are the 
only cause of the sore teats. And the flies, 
together with the cold, wet season, are the 
only cause, of the sore legs. It was remarked 
by every one. through the month of Septem¬ 
ber that they never saw the flics and mos¬ 
quitoes so numerous and so desperate. They 
lost no time iu “ pitching in,” 1 assure you 
From the Kith to 15th of September 1 bad 
to stable my cows iu order to milk them. I 
have seven, none of which have been trou¬ 
bled with sore legs; but two have had sore 
teats, and every time I sat down to milk 
those two there would be from one to a 
dozen mosquitoes with their bills probed to 
the very center of their teats; and when 
pulled out u drop of blood would follow. I 
noticed, in the morning, that those bites bad 
caused yellowish blisters, that became sores 
within the next twenty-four hours, and 
which were all scabbed over, yet could have 
been cured as easily as a bite on a person, if 
it was not for milking every twelve hours. 
Two or three applications of white pitch 
turpentine, simmered with lard, cured them 
very soon. 
Nearly all the cattle iu this section were 
left out during the cold stormy nights of 
September. Some grazed in low, wet pas¬ 
tures, and many stood in barn-yards all night 
in mud and mire. The result was that then- 
legs, which had been bitten until they 
were completely raw, became inflamed and 
swelled. As it happened, my cows had a 
dry pasture and yard, and every cold, stormy 
night were stabled. Had they lined us many 
others did. they would doubtless have been 
unfortunate victims of the terrible cattle dis¬ 
ease! No deaths have as yet occurred from 
this disease within our knov. ledj , and all 
that, have been afflicted about here are near¬ 
ly well 
But Mr. Somebody told Mr. Nobody tb it 
Mr. So-aud-ijo said that somewhere in some 
part of the county the Cattle were all dying. 
As soon as we learn the particulars more in¬ 
definitely, will let you know the worst. 
Geo. M. Curtis. 
Monroe Co., N. Y., 1859. 
Wool — What Die Name U Worth. — Tho last 
number ot tho Now York Economist, contains 
some remarks upon the purchase of wool on a 
“horizontal line," Mini is lit a given price with¬ 
out. regal'd to merits, which arc worthy of wider 
circulation. “ H used to bo said that the reason 
why tho horizontal line was drawn on unwashed 
wool was because tho buyers know nothing about 
wool, mid bo woro unable to discriminate so ns 
to judge on the relative merits of unwashed; 
but this indiscrimination ts not confined to the 
Ignorant Western buyer, but extends to tho 
trained expert of the Eastern market ; not only 
to unwashed wool, but to the washed wool of 
tho different States." In illustration of this 
statement it. is asserted that western wools gen¬ 
erally are selling at Now York under tho uamo 
of " Michigan wool,” because that name secures 
two or three cents a pound more than if called 
by the true locality from which they oorue. 
Considerable quantities of what is really from 
Michigan, with some from this State and from 
Wisconsin, again, arc sold as “Ohio wool,” bo- 
cause that name ranks still a little bettor with 
buyers. Cotswold and Leicester wool from any 
part of the Onion will sell for at least live cents 
a pound loss than If tt, purports to be from Can¬ 
ada. An Instance is related of a buyer who wont 
to England and imported u lot of combing wool 
wbteh cost him here over GOc. a pound, while tho 
same quality of homo grown was Belling in our 
own markets at ooc.—Countru GciUlcman. 
Fiat; ui: 3. 
Figure 3 represents the double doors made 
to correspond with tho entrance of the slied. 
The doors when shut are fastened to a piece 
of scantling standing perpendicular, one 
entering the beam, the other entering a block 
put in tho ground. The foundation can be 
of wood or stone, as suits host. This is what 
we call the “ Ohio Dutch Yankee corn-crib.” 
Annual amount In dollar* 
reculvod for wool at 25 
enn ta pe r pound 
Admail clip of wool in 
pounds at four pounds 
CONCRETE BUILDINGS, 
- 
Amount in dollars re¬ 
ceived frir ol d gwes. 
Price per head at which 
sold. 
Old 
In the first, place, make a mixing bed six¬ 
teen feet long, four feet wide, ten inches 
high on tho sides and one end, the other end 
left open so that it will he convenient to 
shovel the concrete out. Next, a box is 
wanted to slake tho quicklime in. It should 
he eight fuel, long, three feet wide, twenty 
inches or two feet deep—both to he made 
tight. Slake one or one and a half barrels 
of lime, keeping it well covered with water; 
when thoroughly slaked cover it. ten inches 
with water. Fill the mixing bed five inches 
with coarse gravel, intermixed with clean 
sand, (the coarser the better,) so as to till 
the pores nearly full; on this spread evenly 
one-tenth as much water-lime; then five 
inches more of gravel and sand, and on the 
top another equal quantity of water lime as 
on the first layer of gra vel. Stir the quick¬ 
lime and water thoroughly, and dip out with 
a pail, and commence at the open end of the 
mixing bed, mix thoroughly a barrowful, 
wetting it so as to mix easy and have none 
run out; put immediately into tho curb, 
packing it down evenly. 
The curb should be made of inch boards 
fourteen to sixteen inches wide, cut and fit¬ 
ted a little shorter on the lower edge, so as 
to move up easily, and should be supported 
once in four feet, to prevent, spreading. The 
supports should be tied together by nailing 
a strip of board, two inches wide, upon the 
bottom, driving the nails up into the sup¬ 
ports and a strip across the side ol the top. 
The supports can he of 3 by 4 joists. 
Make the support frames all at once, and 
four inches wider than tho wall Is to he. 
Make the keys of inch boards, all of the same 
thickness, a key to each support, and two 
braces to each board of curb, a trifle longer 
than the wall is thick, so as to hold the curb 
hoards tight. Set the supports by a line, 
and he careful to plumb lItem perpendicular, 
and brace from the top to stakes driven in 
the ground outside and inside the base of the 
wa'i; fence-hoards will do for braces, nailing 
them to the stakes and supports. 
The concrete will set in dry weather In 
twenty-four hours. The better way is to 
put in a course every other day. When tlies 
first course has set, take out the keys care¬ 
fully, so 09, not to bruise the wall, and let 
the curb hoard back from the wall; then 
raise it for the next course, letting it lap on 
the first course about two inches. If the 
. «w«* rnljed 
Jiraofltng flun k. 
Amount Iu dollars 
colvoU for wnthnrs, 
head at whlcfi 
Yearling wethers 
Yearling ewe# 
A’nnuar increase of ram 
lambs. 
.nnual Increase ol 
lambs. . .. . 
ewe 
Tho Kc-lso Ram Sale.—The anuual sale of Lei- 
ceeter rams at Kelso, Scotland, which always at¬ 
tracts a large number of flock-masters, not only 
from England, but also from f.lio United States 
and Canada, took place during the soooud week 
In September. From a report in uScotch paper, 
kindly furnished by a correspondent, we learn 
that very high prices were realized for some of 
the Animals, Tho moat noticeable! among tbc 
lots worn the Mortoun, (Lord Polworth'sJ and 
the Mollendeun Rams, (Miss Stark's,) which have 
long been leading breeds among Leicester Bheep. 
The highest price reached by any single ram was 
obtained by one of tho Mctlondoan lot, £109. The 
only approach to this was lost year, whon ono of 
Lord Pol worth 'b brought £100. Tbesecond place 
In regard to price at the salo of tho present year 
was gained by Mr. Foster of Effingham, one of 
whose rams fetched £60. Lord Potworth's high¬ 
est prtco this year was £13. The average prices 
were, of the Mellendean rams. £16 9a. 4d.; Mr. 
Foster’s, £15 8s. 2d.; and Lord Potworth's, £15 0s. 
5d. The number of entries, though very large, 
1,751, was less than In any year since I860, and the 
average price was also below the average of re¬ 
cent years .—Canada Farmer. 
Breedlm 
cwe» - number 
annually. 
Year*. 
Improved stock at the close of the fifth 
year, and their probable value: 
Breeding ewes,2.332, at $1. .$11,328 00 
Lambs, ewes ami rams, 2.261, ut $1. 2,264 IXJ 
„ Total... $13,632 00 
Stock rams, 36 bond, at $25 per head. 2,125 00 
Total of stock.... $15,717 00 
Respectfully submitted, Texan. 
Petition*.—We proposed to send blank Wool 
Growors’ petitions to Congress, to all wbo ap¬ 
plied for them; and several who bavo already 
applied for them wish to have them sent at once. 
They are not ready. Wo mentioned that wo 
desired to consult some ot tho loading friends 
of the wool interest, before deciding on the 
terms of the petition. This Is being done—and 
po unnecessary delay will be made. In the 
meantime let all applicants send In their names, 
so that they can receive tho petitions promptly 
when printed. 
Lambs’ Cordial.— C. A. Dodge, Huron Co., 
Ohio, writes us:—“I obtained tho following 
recipe from an old Scotch shepherd In Canada. 
I have tried It in a few cases on lamhs ami calves 
for scours and find It a good thing. Prepared 
chalk two ounces, powdered catechu ono ounce, 
ginger four drachms, opium one drachm, pep¬ 
permint water ono pint. Dose for a lamb one 
tamospoooful; In very bad ca3os two. Given 
morning and evening In China tea. 
Killing Sheep.—A late Ohio Fanner saysA 
level will be found iu the wool market sooner or 
later; and we still admonish the farmers to bo 
cautious how they sacrifice their (locks. Sell oil' 
the old scrubs at whatever they will bring, for 
there Is no profit In winter feeding any inferior 
animal. But soiling good 6li«cp now for a song 
may prove as unprofitable as did the buying of 
inferior flocks a few years ago at big figures." 
-.-- 
Dog* and Sheep.—A western paper says: 
“One night last week four dogs killed two hun¬ 
dred and ten sheep, and Injured a great many 
more, belonging to Judge Lawrence, on his 
farm, four miles west of Belie Center, Logan 
county, Ohio. They attacked the flock about 
five o’clock iu the evening, and continued their 
slaughter till nearly morning before they could 
be driven off.” 
Sheep Skin Mot*.—Make strong soap-suds, 
using hot water, and let it stand till cold; then 
wash them in cold water till all tho soap Is out. 
Next dissolve half a pound each of salt and alum 
in a little hot water, and put into a tub of cold 
water sufficient to cover the skins, and let them 
soak twelve hours; then hang over a pole to 
drain. Whon well drained, stretch carefully on 
a board to dry. Stretch several times while dry¬ 
ing. Before thoy get entirely dry, sprinkle on 
the flesh side one ounce each of pulverized alum 
mid saltpeter, rubbing it In well; then lay the 
flesh sides together and hang in the shade for 
two or three days, turning them over every day 
till perfectly dry. Finish by scraping the flesh 
side with a blunt knll’e to remove any remaining 
scraps of flesh, and then rub the flesh side with 
pumice or rotten stone and the hands. 
Very beautiful mittens can be made of lamb 
skins tanned as above.— Western Rural. 
Beechnut* for Sheep.— M. L. B., South Brook¬ 
field, N. Y., asks:— u Are beechnuts Injurious to 
ewes the first mouth or two after being with 
lambV” We have had no direct experience in 
this matter, but have never heard that they are 
injurious. 
