’Ijffjj pusbatvtirg. 
II. S. RANDALL, LL. D., EDITOR, 
Op Cohtland Village, Cohtlako County, New York. 
SHEEP ON DAIRY FARMS. 
A correspondent in an adjoining county 
writes us: 
*• I have been in the dairy business six years, 
and now keep from thirty to thirty-five cows; 
and having more bottom land than I require for 
ha.v, 1 raise my own corn, oats, and sometimes a 
little spring wheat. I keep no sheep. I became 
so Intensely disgusted when T wa.su hoy with my 
father's flock of Saxons, that 1 ridded the farm 
of them at once when I came into possession; 
and I then thought I never wanted to see another 
ebeep on It. But these little sheep left some 
good behind them. Our farm had been well 
cleared lip of briars by them; they had run out 
the weeds; they had brought the hill-sides which 
were light soiled and did not admit of plowing 
into good thick pasture; and they had perma¬ 
nently enriched the whole farm. Dairying is 
vastly more profitable than was my fathor’a 
wool growing, but candor compels trie to say 
that it neither improves nor keeps up the laud 
anything like as well. My father kept fifteen or 
twenty largish common sheep separate from his 
Saxons. They supplied milk to his Saxon lambs 
when necessary, and they supplied lamb, mut¬ 
ton and wool for family use. We had a fat. lamb 
to eat now and t hen in haying and harvesting, 
and three or four fat wethers along in the fall 
before bog killing. We had stocking yarn, flan¬ 
nel and fulled cloth. These were all good things 
in a family. They were convenient, and profita¬ 
ble, and I have so tar got over my prejudices as 
to wish to go baok to thorn. Do you non aider 
sheep profitable to a man in my circumstances? 
How many of them cun I, in your opinion, 
profitably keep ou a dairy farm? I like the 
appearance of English sheep best, but never 
have tried them or seen them tried in my neigh¬ 
borhood. Is not. their mutton much better than 
Merino mutton ? Do they ont. more In propor¬ 
tion to Weight of carcass and fleece? Are there 
any particular difficulties in their management? 
In short, what are t heir advantages and disad¬ 
vantages, us compared with Merinos, on a rtairu 
farm, aud for the othor objects I havo named? 
Do you think Ihcfr mutton and wool are likely 
to keep up their presont, prices? What kind of 
English sheep are host, for my purposes?” 
Remarks. —We believe that both for c.on- 
We do not suppose that English long- 
wools consume more in proportion to weight 
of carcass than Merinos, both being in store 
condition. Each require about oue pound of 
good bay per diem for every thirty pounds 
of their live weight. When put ou extra 
keep, for fattening, English sheep are shown, 
by some experiments recently made, to gain 
weight faster in proportion to consumption 
than grade Merinos. Whether this would 
prove generally to be the case, and, if so, to 
what extent, with either grades or full bloods, 
is not yet satisfactorily determined. Three 
sheep, coneededly, consumes materially more 
in proportion to weight of wool than the 
Merino. Tills is now made lip by the higher 
price of combing wool. How long this ne w 
state of things, produced by a sudden exten¬ 
sion of combing manufactures and an inade¬ 
quate supply of raw material, will last, every 
one must, judge for himself. No person, we 
fancy, expects the anomaly to be permanent. 
Wo know of no particular difficulties In 
breeding English sheep in such numbers as 
they are required on an ordinary sized dairy 
farm,—that is, in flocks of thirty or forty. 
They, however, require different mid more 
careful management than Merinos. To make 
them yield their best profits—display their 
characteristic curliness of maturity, size, Ac. 
-—they should havo an abundant supply of 
good succulent grass every day in the sum¬ 
mer, and something in addition to dry hay 
every day in the winter, in withstanding 
hardship, short keep, or privations of any 
kind, they do not compare with t he Merino. 
The advantages of English sheep are their 
prolificacy in breeding, their good quality as 
nurses, their early maturity, their profitable¬ 
ness for mutton, and, ni present, their profit¬ 
ableness for wool. Their disadvantages are 
their incapacity to resist hardships, their 
poor hording qualities, their want of longevi¬ 
ty, and their tendency to disease under mis¬ 
management,. By longevity we do not, mean 
merely length of lift'.. Their wool degener- 
mm wtommt). 
FARM GATES. 
We arc all vexed more or less by gates 
getting ont of order. They will not open, 
nor will they fasten when closed. They sag 
upon the ground, in fact, they seem to be 
made for the winds to play with and for the 
children to swing upon, if the gate will swing 
at all. The old-fashioned bars are durable 
and safe, but occupy too much time in open¬ 
ing and closing. A writer in a late number 
of the Rural calls for improvement in this 
respect., and we have reason to believe there 
exists a general want for a cheap, handy gate 
to replace the bars. 
We give illustrations of an arrangementof 
farm bars that combine all the good points 
ot a perfect gate, and, at the same time, are 
as durable and nearly as cheap as the com¬ 
mon bars. 
lenience and profit a proper number of tUes in quality and quantity, and they begin 
sheep should bo kept on nearly all dry farms, 
whatever may bo the leading branch of hus¬ 
bandry practiced on them. Our correspon¬ 
dent. Inis well stated the reasons, except the 
profitable sale of mutton aud wool. Wo do 
not, however, believe it expedient, to stock 
dairy farms to any great extent with sheep. 
If they run with the cows, they rob them of 
the sweetest grass in summer, and the best 
liay in winter. If they run separate, the kind 
of sheep now most profitable on dairy farms 
require first-rate keep, and there is more loss 
in compelling them than there is in compel¬ 
ling cows to consume the rough feed of the 
farm. Wo should say, if large English sheep 
to “go down hill,” by the time the Merino 
lias reached its meridian; and I,lie, latter 
keeps up to that meridian for several years. 
In respect to disoase, they Imt exhibit the 
tendency of all highly artificial aud highly 
forced domestic animals. All such must be 
peculiarly subject to maladies, especially in¬ 
flammatory maladies, when every proper 
physical condition is not maintained. 
But it may be justly said that all these dis¬ 
advantages of English sheep may be gen¬ 
erally avoided by correct management. They 
need not he exposed to hardships; they 
need not he herded together except in small 
flocks; they need not be kept beyond their 
are kept, one sheep to one cow is a sufficient prime; they need not, he predisposed to dis- 
number. For the purpose of supplying a 
family with meat, and for the sale, of early 
lambs and fat wethers to the butcher, Eng¬ 
lish sheep are doubtless the most, profitable. 
They raise more lambs than Merinos, and 
are ready for market earlier, both as lambs 
aud wethers. The difference, however, Is 
not so great in the latter particular as many 
imagine who Lave never seen the Merino 
“ forced,” as all English sheep are forced 
which exhibit peculiar eurlincss of maturity. 
It is customary among a class of English- 1 
ease iu any way except so far as is done by 
forcing. And whore every other law of 
health is carefully observed, this does not 
render them particularly “ precarious prop¬ 
erty,” On the whole, then, dairy farmers 
who wish to keep only a few sheep, and 
who will keep them well, will, under present 
circumstances, find the English long-wools 
the most profitable. 
Wo have no idea that mutton will ever 
lose its relative value amoug meats, unless 
there is a disproportionate production of it; 
Figure 1. 
Common fencing can ho used. Bottom 
boards seven inches wide; next board six; 
middle board five, and the two upper boards 
four inches wide. Battens four inches wide 
on both sides of gate. Begin at the bottom 
and nail the lower board to the end battens, 
placing the front batten back, so that the 
ends of the gatoboards will project, and 
fiistcu by sliding into mortises made in the 
front post. Make the distance from lower 
edge ot t he bottom board to the lower edge 
of the next board, thirteen laches; the same 
distance from the lower edge of this board to 
the lower edge of the next board, and so on; 
this makes a gate over tour and a half feet, 
high. Nail the middle battens four inches 
forward or the center of gate; this makes the 
hinge end eight inches longest. If you wfsh, 
put a light brace from the foot of middle bat¬ 
ten to the top of front battens. 
Common fence posts are large enough for 
Ibis gate, as there is no strain upon the post 
/x to incline them from the 
jjjjljjrpi | position in which they arc 
first set. The front post 
should he mortised to fe¬ 
ll 3 Ifl CfJ ' ve ^ 10 projecting ends 
• j of >~< r dc-bortrds. The cut 
I (Fig. 3) gives a view of the 
I I Cs**m hinge posts. One, being a 
J lijq I movable post, admits of 
I i j?‘■ I the gate being raised to 
I , swing over snow and to 
I I ^ let sheep and hogs pass 
under, and, if necessary, 
keep horses and cattle 
II back. This is often nf 
J _ BJ much importance, as, for 
instance, for hogs to pass 
Figure 2 . into a field of wheat stub¬ 
ble to glean the scattered grain, or in sep¬ 
arating from larger animals hogs, sheep or 
even calves. 
The hearings on the movable post should 
be made of lumber a little thicker than the 
men and their American copyists not only and this, for reasons which we have not gate-boards, so that the gate will slide easily, 
to pronounce English mutton “much bet- space here to give, we do not think likely to They are fastened to the post at right angles, 
tor than Merino, but to speak of the latter occur. The proportionable consumption of as showfl in cut, but bolls or nails, in such 
in terms of ridicule. Vet we never havo it to other meals is constantly increasing, manner that the gate will rest upon them 
chanced to see any person used to good Finally, wo need not answer our corrcspon- both when hung, tint upper hearing under 
living, and fond of mutton, show any dis- dent’s last question, as we gave our views the upper hoard, and the middle board rcst- 
rclish at the table for well fattened Merino sufficiently on that head in our issue of Dec. ing upon (lie lower bearing. The movable 
mutton. John' Johnson, the celebrated 4th, which he did not probably see until post can be a three by three inch scantling; 
sheep feeder, always found a rapid sale for after he mailed his Inquiries to us. if the foot rests upon a flat stone it will add 
his Merino wethers in our markets, and to a Q n looking back, we observe we have to its durability. It is fastened to the main 
good class of butchers; and this is the cx- omitted to say that the long-wools do not post by iron catches, made in the form of an 
perience of all other good feeders. Samuel meet olu . correspondent’s requirements In the longer part, being drawn out to be 
rH orne raised his early South Down lambs, one particular. They do not furnish suita- driven into the main post, notches being cut 
which fetched such extra prices in New i>i e wool for domestic flannel, fulled cloth, into the lower edge of the bearings to re¬ 
work, from Merino or grade Merino ewes Ac. Well, he can cxchauge their wool for ceive the catches as shown In engraving, 
and this is a very extensively practiced g Uc h, and get boot! The post is held firmly to its place, if prop- 
mode of breeding early market lambs at the _ erly constructed, and can be lifted out of the 
ST,* Z "• »■—*■ - "• F. b.- ““'*«> “ shown «■* graving, »■<! W 
all that is necessary to constitute them “ the 
genuine thing.” We think a decided major¬ 
ity of Americans would spontaneously se¬ 
lect, at the table, good Merino mutton, in 
preference to highly fatted English mutton. 
(We have seen Leicester mutton with lour 
inches of fat on the ribs!) John Bull, fond 
space here to give, we do not think likely to 
occur. The proportionable consumption of 
it to other meats is constantly increasing. 
Finally, we need not answer our correspon¬ 
dent’s last question, as wo gave our views 
sufficiently on that head in our issue of Dec. 
4th, which he did not probably see until 
after lie mailed his inquiries to us. 
On looking back, we observe we have 
omitted to say that the long-wools do not 
meet our correspondent’s requirements in 
one particular. They do not furnish suita¬ 
ble wool for domestic flannel, fulled cloth, 
&c. Well, he can exchange their wool for 
such, and get boot! 
-- 
Sheep lu Missouri. — W. F. BAQGERLy of Ba¬ 
the main post. The lower edges of the gate- 
boards, at least, should be planed, and, when 
hung, greased. If the whole material is 
planed it will work easier; and if painted, 
will pay in appearance, and warping and 
decay will be prevented. 
of fat up to his eyes, and very fond of Third,What is woul worth per pound, and is there 
English things, would undoubtedly decide * “tbew ? Fourth, Ilowcould 
, , , a person dispose of a few hundred fat sheep, and 
differently, and so in a special manner bow would the price compare with that of store 
would that class of fine American gentlemen sheep? Fifth, Would a thousand sheep thrive 
whose glory it is to have been “abroad” wel1 ** together unci Riven the range of 
and who cultivate long English side wliis- your prai ries during th e gr a y j„g8ca8o n ?” 
leers. After all, it is a matter of taste, habit, .... 
and, to a certain extent, ot iashion. Let aiy , : , 0m . advio(! ls affalnflt the wholesale 
those who prefer English mutton cat it,— slaughter of sheep. Wo would say to the farmer, 
but let us be spared the cockney and snobby let the sheep be thoroughly culled. Keep only 
talk about the miserably poor quality of t * 10 Dispose ot all Inferior and ordinary 
„ , ,, r .i i■ , ones without, delay. Breed for good size, cou- 
Mermo tout Ion. In the preceding remarks sUlutiou and a heavy fleece of nwroharitablo 
we have in view the English long-wools, wool. Keep no staoop that will not live through 
The South Downs are out of the question, the year and maintain good condition on good 
for, as things now stand, liiey would obvl- llrt >' iM th '-' winter, and good pasturage in sinu¬ 
ously be a less profitable breed than long- „M te VT ln 
•’ , .* ,, ° to take care of the taritt’; and havo faith in 
wools to our dairy farmers. W00 l growing.” 
vannah, Wayne Co., N. Y., wishes M. G. Skinner lower on the gate, t,liii3 raising it from one 
of Missouri, whose excellent article on sh^-o in to tlir.se feet, as desired. Fasten by a pin 
that State we published November 6, to answ-r through the mortise in post and the middle 
thcfollowingquesttonstnltuRALNEw-Y orker. „ ,. /. .... 
“First. The price of land per acre itt Missouri,— * ' -U , ^ ^ ’ a ' ° * asten tljC l ,m t0 ^ ie 
that Is, land with moderate improvrmenus, say a post by a string or chain. If holes are bored 
house, and land partially fenced? Second, what in the lower boards the gate, when raised, 
can you purchase good store sheep for per boad ? can be fastened. The lower bearing on the 
Third,M hat is wot)t worth per pound, und is there r „i,i . . . . , 
a ready market for It there ? Fourth, How could m °' J U P osti, > bem 4> at r {® llt angles with the 
a person dispose of a few hundred fat sheep, and can he longer than is shown in illustra- 
bow would the price compare with that of store lion, and pass the main post far enough 
sheep? Fifth, Would a thousand sheep thrive to slide between the middle battens when 
X "**»; fastening i, „pc„ A 
__ + ++ small block nailed upon the middle board of 
Slnnahtrr of Sheep. — The Vermont Farmer ^ 1<! manner us to strike the 
says:—“Our advice Is against tiic* wholesale movable post, when pushed hack, at n point 
slaughterof sheep. Wo would say to the farmer, where the gate, when swung half around, 
let the sheep be thoroughly culled. Keep only w j|| readily push open the lower hearing to 
the best. Dispose of all inferior and ordinary <• , . , , , . * . 
ones without delay. Breed lor good size, con- lasteu °P cn > ,s u valuable improvement, and 
Slaughter of Sheep. The Vermont Farmer 
says:—“Our advice is against the wholesale 
slaughterof sheep. We would say to the farmer, 
let the sheep be thoroughly culled. Keep only 
the best. Dispose of all inferior and ordinary 
ones without delay. Breed tor good size, con¬ 
stitution and a heavy fleece of merchantable cau be put on best after the gate is hung, us 
wool. Keep no sheep that will not live through can also the block on the rear of the main 
the year and maintain good condition on good post, which fits into corresponding notches 
hay in the winter, and good pasturage In sum- ,, , . 
mor. Write to your Representative ln Congress nto lll<! batten that strikes the main post 
to takes care of the tariff; and havo faith in wlien closed, thus making it impossible for 
wool growing.” the post to be thrown out of the catches on 
Figure :i. 
The gate is now completed. It is opened 
by sliding half way back; it is then bal¬ 
anced and easily swings half way around, 
and, pushing back upon the bearing, which 
passing between the battens, fastens the gate 
open, as before described. We think from 
our experience, as well as that of others who 
have used them, that there is no better or 
easier working gale for general farm pur¬ 
poses. They supply a want long felt by 
farmers, and will be found just the gale for 
all places except the entrance from the Street, 
where a more ornamental gate is desirable. 
Gates should lie made and painted, tools 
should he looked over and repaired, in the 
stormy days of winter and spring, thus 
economizing time and saving money. There 
is no labor that will add so much to the 
value of a farm, and to the comfort of its 
owner as (he repair of fences and the putting 
up of good gates. e. l. m. 
SAWDUST AS MANURE. 
I saw in the Rural of Nov. 6 th an article 
commenting upon an article written by <«. 
in the Rural of Sept, lltli on Sawdust. 
The writer says “ Sawdust alone will forever 
kill land where it is put. I care not how 
much it may afterwards be manured with 
stable manure, it never can lie made to pro¬ 
duce well.” 
Now what is sawdust that it is so killing 
to land? We know full well that it is 
nothing more nor less than wood and hark, 
natural productions of the earth. Now will 
the earth produce anything spontaneously 
that if applied to it again will prove so sure¬ 
ly fatal to the growth of vegetation ns the 
writer of said article seems to think? My 
experience teaches me that timber, the natu¬ 
ral growth of the earth, decomposing aud 
rotting upon it adds largely to its productive¬ 
ness and value. T have caused hundreds of 
acres of land to lie cleared of timber in dif¬ 
ferent ways. Some by burning the timber 
off the same season that it is chopped down, 
while green, or nearly so. Another plan 
that I adopted largely when I was clearing 
land, was to fall my timber in win rows, 
making the beds or brush heaps two rods 
wide, and the spaces between the brush piles 
lour rods wide, piling all the brush on the 
beds and sowing grass seed in the spaces, 
which will make immediate pasture; then 
leave the whole until the brush gets dry and 
rotten, which will be in about two years; 
then burn off the brush and sow grass seed 
wherever it is burned. Thus a good pasture 
is secured which will grow better aud better 
for twenty-five years. In this last process 
but very little of the timber will be burned, 
but will lie left on the ground for natural de¬ 
cay; and in twenty years will have passed 
back to mother earth, making a very largo 
amount of rich manure. 
Now, my experience is that an acre of 
land cleared of timber, by letting it (the tim¬ 
ber) rot ou th<j ground, is worth fifteen dol¬ 
lars at least more than an acre of land cleared 
by immediately burning off the timber, al¬ 
lowing both acres to remain in grass and 
pasture for a term of twenty years. During 
this time the acre that, inis had the timber 
decay upon it will have produced the most 
feed and, when plowed, will produce very 
much more corn and will scent very muoh 
lighter and richer than the land where the 
timber was burned off. 
Now, this has been my experience, and I 
tell It to prove that decomposition of timber, 
and I think any other vegetable matter, does 
not impair or hurt land, hut tends to improve 
the condition of It. 
In 1804 1 sot in nursery rows about five 
thousand evergreens,—Austrian and Scotch 
Pine and Norway Spruce. Soon after they 
were set, the big drouth of that season set 
in and my little trees commenced to die. 
There was a mill within one mile, and I set 
sonic teams drawing sawdust, and I com¬ 
pletely covered the ground to the depth of 
some four inches. The result was that I did 
not lose any more of my little trees, and 
after the rains commenced in August they 
commenced to grow and grew finely all that 
fall. 
The next spring I plowed and cultivated 
all the sawdust into the ground, thoroughly 
mixing it with the earth. No other mulch¬ 
ings or manures were ever applied. The re¬ 
sult was a finer lot of evergreens never grew. 
Sawdust is a non-conductor of heat and cold. 
The first season the sawdust kept the drouth 
from withering and killing the trees; and | 
after it was plowed and mixed with the 
earth it commenced to rot, imparting to the 
young trees just the properties necessary to 
make a fine growth of timber. 
A few years ago I bought, a farm on which 
there was a field of about ten acres that was 
nearly worn out. I went on with three yoke 
of oxen and n double plow, and turned it. 
over deep and very nicely; then I seeded it 
with timothy. There had been an old steam 
saw-mill within a few rods of the field, and 
there was left a large pile of sawdust that, 
had partly rotted down, which 1 bought for 
a nominal sum. After tbo land had been 
seeded nearly a year, I drew on all the old 
sawdust, making the field look black. The 
result was, (as long as I owned the field, 
which was four or five years,) I bad a splen¬ 
did meadow and stout grass, 
1 have used sawdust year after year as 
bedding for a dairy of forty to fifty cows, 
during the spring and fall, while wo were 
milking, to keep them clean. Cows will 
keep much cleaner, if bedded on sawdust, 
than with straw; but it is a cold bedding in 
winter, and straw is preferable. 
I’m not a philosopher, but. 1 have had some 
experience, a little of which T have related 
about sawdust and the decomposition of tim¬ 
ber; and I am bold to say that sawdust, if 
used after it commences to rut, (and it will 
soon rot if left wet and in a heap,) will not 
hurt any land. When 1 hear a person say 
that sawdust will forever kill land where it 
is applied, and he cares not how much it 
may afterwards be manured with stable 
manure, it cannot be made to produce well, 
I know full well lie is talking about what 
he knows Very little of. 
Jefferson, O., Nov. 15, I860. Experience. 
-♦♦♦- 
Sawdust «« Manure—In tho Rural of Nov. 
6th, Semper not only objects to sawdust as « 
manure, but. also as an absorbent of urine in the 
stalls of cattle. It is trim that even hard wood 
sawdust contains but. little nitrogen or phos¬ 
phorous, and pkie still less; and on that account, 
it is Inferior as immure to forest loaves, or leaf 
mold from swamps; but sawdust Is quite as 
absorbent of liquid manure,and this neutralizes 
tlio acid of fresh sawdust, mid hastens Its decom¬ 
position : and oven before It Is decomposed its 
mechanical action ameliorates n stiff soil, en¬ 
abling It to retain moisture so as not to crack 
open ln hot, dry weather. Sawdust also, as fast 
as If, decomposes, creates nil atmosphere of car¬ 
bonic acid in the soli, which adds rapidly lo 
vegetable structure lu all soils not deficient, in 
nitrogen and phosphoric acid. I have proved 
tho truth of my assertion by repeated experi¬ 
ments. I can now show u French turnip weigh¬ 
ing fourteen pounds, the extra growth of which 
Is due to a sawdust compost, w. 
‘imm-iurttA 
SHRINKAGE OF SWINE. 
Idve and Demi Weight. 
A correspondent of tlic IVairic Farmer 
says:—“ Ilog buyers will tell us there is 
about one-quarter to onc-flft.lt shrinkage on 
our hogs, no matter how well fattened they 
may he. My experience shows me the 
shrinkage or difference between tho live and 
dead weight of mult fattened hogs is only 
about one-seventh of the gross weight. I 
have ascertained this from several tests 1 
have made on the average of a lot of thirty 
or forty hogs, fattened upon the ground, 
with a good straw slack to lay in, and held 
until the first of January. 
“ My investigations show me that upon a 
lot of well fattened lioga that, range alive 
from three hundred lo four hundred pounds, 
after counting the weight of the lard taken 
from the inwards, the shrinkage is less than 
one-seventh of tiie gross weight; so I con¬ 
sider it safe to reckon the shrinkage at one- 
seventh, as it will vary but a small fraction 
ft'om that either way. 
“ There is no doubt, but farmers may have 
their hogs iu so poor a condition that the 
shrinkage or difference between the live and 
dead weight will be nearer one-fourth or 
one-fifth, but. my opinion is this, if so, the 
hogs are unfit for market, and as a general 
rule make very unwholesome food.” 
. ... — 
To Prevent Sows Lying on their Young Pigs.— 
A correspondent of the Country Gentleman 
says:—The hog-pen ffioor ought to bo made of 
plunk, laid one toot or more above the ground. 
Eight Inches ubovo the floor, nil around the pen, 
plueooak plank about a foot wide. Their pro¬ 
jection into the pen make® a place tor tho pigs to 
croop umlt-r, and protects them from the cold, 
aud from the sow when she lies down, us sho al¬ 
ways wants t,o lie close to the outsldo of the pen. 
- 
Prolific Sows.—I noticed ln a Rural an ac¬ 
count of two prolific sows,—one in New York 
State, the other in Ohio. Dr. Cai.v in Cutter, 
Warren, Mass., owns a sow that bun beat both of 
them. She was live years old March lltli, Ison, 
and has had teu litters of pigs, numbering re¬ 
spectively 17, is, 111 , 19, 23, 22, 20 . 30, 18 . 30; total, 
196. ** Who beats that?" — C. C. K., Wales, Mass. 
Kidney Worms. — A writer ln the Southern 
Farmer gives the following remedy:—** A spoon¬ 
ful of spirits of turpentine rubbed on over the 
kidneys twice a duy, und If tho skin is rough 
and hard, rub it first with a curry comb to open 
the pores. I have seen hogs that had been dis¬ 
abled three weeks cured in three days by this 
treatment, und never hoard of a failure. 1 ' 
