ftsntssimts. 
NEW YORK FARMERS’ CLUB. 
Wc continue our notes made at the meetings 
of this distinguished body of scientific agricul¬ 
turists. 
Hauling and Spreading Manure In September.— 
Seward of Muino, said ho had hauled 
out, decomposed burn-yard manure in Srptcm- 
bci, and spread it from a cart upon his lands. 
Th«* season mti wot* and the result, was good, 
but ho had been told it was not good practice, 
and wanted the opinion of the Club concerning 
i(. Horace Greeley said the loss from evapo¬ 
ration must depend upon Hie time of year at 
which the manure is spread. The wet season 
doubtless prevented the. in:-, which must have 
otherwise resulted from -preading it in Septem¬ 
ber. In this latitude he would iliiulc November 
a better month in which to spread it. In Mnino 
it mighl answer in September; between these 
ho thought 1 here would be considerable loss if 
ordinary barn-yard manure was so distributed. 
Mr. Fuller thought much would depend upon 
its condition. If completely decomposed, or 
thoroughly composted with absorbents there 
would belittle loss from evaporation. 
Profit* of Fowls.—C. G. Hodman, Vermillion, 
Oswego Co., N. V.. writes concerning the profits 
of his fowls as follows:-My fowls are or the 
black Spanish variety. I usually food screen¬ 
ings, and occasionally change to corn, buck¬ 
wheat., &o„ keeping feed before them at all 
times. T give them fresh water every day, and 
at nil times Imve a supply of ashes, sand, lime, 
A'c., for them to go to. Occasionally give them 
fresh meat. I might add tint), living in a vil¬ 
lage, I am obliged to keep my hens shut up 
about, half of Hie year, as T do not. allow them to 
trouble my own or my neighbors’ gardens, I 
have a small enclosure, (ton by twenty foot,) Lor 
them to run in. 
N,>. nf hons... ., 
Tut n I eggs, tlo/.en.” ’.•■>>> 
Average price, per dozen. S2jzo.’. r , 
t lilrbons unit droppings sold and oonsumcii...7, s; 
Total cost of feed . 
?:« 33 
. 11 2i 
Showing n. profit of.| 1 S 1 gj 
Remedy for Black Knot. K. Rjlanciulrd, 
Lyndonvillo, cures the black knot on plum trees 
in this way: 
“Take a paint brush, dip it in spirits of tur¬ 
pentine, and thoroughly saturate the knot, being 
careful not to touch the tree except inthodis- 
euseil part. It stops the knot, ami the ..puts 
out healthy branches below it. i it „, r .ireful 
to horn all branches removed in priming. If 
the spirits of turpentine is applied about the 
time the flowers open, the oumullo will not bo 
ho troublesome, as lb; smell repels Insects other¬ 
wise attracted by the perl'mnc of Hie tlower. 
Another remedy I hpve tried r„r the enrtiilio is 
to smoke Ihe trees with sulphur. <>n a still eve- 
niug, when the flow era are opening, place u ket- 
tlo of coals so that the smoke will circulate 
rreejy among the branches, then throw on sul- 
t'hm and pieces of leather or woo loti rags, of 
course, care is requisite to prevent he.ding the 
munches. A very siicessful apple-grower In our 
^neighborhood smokes bi> trees in • hi - manner 
evening* amt mornings, every year, to destroy 
the apple-worm. To return to the black knot:— 
As the summer Is the time the mischief is done, 
every Iresh excrescence should be txned otf, the 
turpentine applied, ami (twill harden ma week.'' 
For People with Weak Lung*.—Mr. T. M. 
VovJfGLOvj;, Ilummondsport, N, Y„ recom¬ 
mends the climate of Steuben county, and tlio 
vocat ion of grape growing. The climate there 
is dry and pure, which, ho says, is sufficiently 
proven by the fact that the Catawba grape is 
successfully grown. 
Crop exhaustion— LtJClS Rra.YBLT, V. ft., 
New York, introduced himself to the Club with 
the following suggestions: 
. d grain crop is growing and beginning 
ra,!* 1 '' 'g'’ ^ ’"■ slrongtu is taken from 
uic. irtoumJ, but w wbon (ho grain ripens the 
ground becomes impoverished. In like manner, 
wiion graes for hay is left to bear seed the soil is 
slm lurly affected. But I be soli is most Impov¬ 
erish ed by raising plain - of which tho seed pro- 
iVS“. n 4 U - A bGtte ,V urt, P ot wheat, can be raised 
v Jttimif manure, alloc clover mowed in blossom, 
tiLiti can bo raised even vvhfirx the ground Lh well 
manured utter clover mowed in seod. Most 
farmers lot their hay got too ripe, by which they 
buri their land morn than they are aware of, anil 
thus the Boll becomes so poor that, thev are un¬ 
able to raise without dllfloulty any otlier cron. 
)n un average, farmer* raise tio more than two 
rai^'frr mV 0 ucro-by irrigation they could 
rals*. from four to six. II Irrigated, land worth 
”r t<J , V ty P< j r acre, ..Id l„. 
worth from lour In mil rod to five hundred dol- 
lalo p ? Pn V?V „ My upmlon is that the Fncliters' 
< luh Mifiuli tntlueiico the (State Government to 
employ highly and practically educated corninls- 
l 1 ' 1 " 1 by thb Stale, to advise t.llo farmers 
giatls to make Hie above- mentioned Improve¬ 
ments, in the cheapest possible manner It 
would be ol greater bouttflt tlmn the model 
farms, a* they are local." ‘ 
Alslke Clover. — William Jackson, West- 
moreland, N. V ., asks the difference between 
Alsiko and tiro common Itod clover; if it will 
make better hay, hotter pasture, yield more to 
the acre, ripen earlier, if it can bo cut twice the 
same season, and whether it does better on wet 
or dry land. The Professor of Agrieiilturo said 
that AIsikcclover is the Tiifultum hybMum and 
the common red c-lover is Tr(folium pmtnm. 
That is the botanical difference. Testimony leads 
him to think the former will make the best bay ; 
cannot say about pasturage. It promises to bo a 
valuable variety, ami ripens ton to twelve or 
fourteen days earlier tlmn the large Red clover, 
it lias not boon sufficiently cultivated In this 
country to determine all of its relative qualifies. 
To Manufacture Superphosphate. - John 
for^°’? ar, T’ IJI '’ WSOTt * a °l“'ap, active 
r.V f ’ and wa,lta to uso hones to make super- 
He had put four pounds of bones 
, J an<1 ad,3o ‘ l two pounds of sulphuric acid. 
bmS t h ° fOUn<1 no change in the 
Todd ra.M r- W Jt 8ho,,U1 be ,,one - Mr. 
rlmrl'i Jl Lr.Uitohij might keep his sul- 
t hon^ together three years with- 
acdivi wh rfn ' 31 ^! 01 ' ' n ' 0aCi(1 h-'comes 
rule that wmitfl 01 " ' ' ,,m,tod * Ho h.tew of no 
!!ii!t!!« rt! bo T i,U9 uot alw «y« -<■ 
cnished in amiii 110 0dvi! " jd ,hut thf ' hones be 
sZ-SidH,^ ., C0H 'T a bark 1,11)1 " hi ftn- 
1 an then an experiment bo made with a 
small quantity of acid, diluting it un II t 
comes active, thus deter.,,im n .V 
or water should be 
Peters thought Mr. Cbawtoiio had belter sell 
his bones and buy superphosphate, it IV( „ii m i 
a strong mill to grind them. Mr. r.p (I ,. v ' " 
domed Mr. Pranas' advice. A gctlmuan l i 
parties m the superphosphate busliiOHH had in a 
gush'of honesty, told him it was better for’ far¬ 
mers to make their own superphosphate. Bones 
may be bought for thirty dollars per ton, dig a 
pit in which pack the bones, apply sulphuric acid 
mixed with an equal quantity of water. At the 
end of two days a fine superphosphate will bo 
obtained. The bones need not bo grow ml at all. 
Mr. Biscay said a box lined with lead was bet¬ 
ter than a pit. Mr. Todd hod ground bones suc¬ 
cessfully in a common corn mill which cost him 
but $:10. Prof. Prams did not believe there was 
a fSi) mill in existence that would grind bones. 
He knew there was adulterated superphosphates 
sold ; and he also knew there Were honest men 
manufacturing the true unadulterated stutf. 
Thograccfu 1,oharitable,and accomplished Presi¬ 
dent was incredulous on that point. Mr. Car¬ 
penter ditto. Ho thought fanners were being 
swindled by men who bought fish guano at a levy 
price and converted it into a solid, as a super¬ 
phosphate, ul.a large profit. He said a large pro¬ 
portion of the phosphate made in Philadelphia 
Is nothing hut fish guano. The distinguished 
Pbttkr. 3 insisted, nevertheless, that, there were 
honest, men in the business; but. tho charitable 
President asked if it would not bo necessary to 
take a lantern to find them out. 
A Place for Young Men Wanted. — John H, 
C utit, Piqua, ()., writes the Club: 
Myaeif and several othais-iill iiioehanlra-wlsti to 
take Ah . (.BEGLEY s advice and become owners of a 
sainII farm. Imt vunnoc decide where we laid Letter 
try I" get It; und we wide for youradvice In enaUliilK 
us to do so I want to know where wo cun go to make 
i/mt («i/s'r C IV Ir ' 1 ’ wfik fkc hast iiwhihi" of nwtu u 
No one responded to this Inquiry, when a. Mr. 
(tR i i,.n leaE Said I am here spoeially to hoar 
tlio answers of this Club to that, question. 1 find 
in my proper line of business, ail over tho city, 
young men are thrown out of employment, mid 
they say in so many words: “What can we do? 
where shall we go? whoeuu tell us? We are not. 
afraid to work we have ordinary Intelligence— 
we are thirty years of age wo have wives and 
children looking to ua for support. Wo want 
some tiling to livo upon—wo can't live upon air, 
mid we don't want, as many in New York do, to 
live upon otlier people; now will you, Mr. 
GRKE.vt.Kar, tell us where to go?" I did not 
know where to come to gel. the proper answer 
unless it be to this Club; and I come at a good 
deal of sacrifice to-day to gel an answer to that 
quest ion, which is put to mo on all hands, not 
once, but twenty tiinoa a week. 
Mr. Peters said that tills is so broad a land a 
man may go anywhere; but If a. man tells mo 
what, business he wants lo engage in, 1 will tell 
him where to go. For cheap farming the Nicn- 
iindoah Valley is un paralleled, extending all the 
way along through the State of North Carolina", 
down through Georgia, and into Alabama, in' 
tlmt region there arc Hourly live millions of ucren 
of Government lands that can bo appropriated 
and settled under the Homestead Law, and It is 
us line a climate aa there Is in the world, and 
within short distance of l.ho routes of eommiml- 
catton. II is tho finest fruit region that I even 
saw. It is just ubouta hundred miles back of 
the cotton lands. If I was going to advise any 
one to go down there I would advlso him to go 
to Atlanta und radiate from Hnmee. That, tho 
people of the South not only invite, but encour¬ 
age, immigration from the North, is scon Horn 
in,: fact that in January last a convention of 
Southern railways was held in Atlanta, Ga„ 
when tho following resolution was adopted : 
country, and teaches you city people how to do 
business in tho city? The most successful men 
in tho city have been country boys." 
Blackberry Professor — “ Any earnest, intelli¬ 
gent man that comes In from the country, a 
man who has sense enough to look around him 
and learn what is going On, he Is the man that, 
will succeed. A largo portion Of the New Mng- 
laiid men that you olludo to are the sons of far¬ 
mers, but they cutnn away as schoolboys. 
However, that don't make any difference; the 
earnest, Inmost, industrious man cun get all the 
knowledge lie wants to work a farm successfully. 
The most, conspicuous architect, in this city is a 
man wlm knew nothing about tho business a 
few years ago." 
L. C. B. Professor — “ He does it on other folks' 
brains; do you wish to teach these young men 
to work mi other folks’ brains ?” 
15. P.- “The most sensible and most, suecoss- 
tul men In every community are thoso who 
know how to use tho brains of other moo." 
[Tills last remark was received with great 
applause, and the distinguished II. P. having 
established the stupidity of country-bred farm¬ 
ers and tlio superiority of side-walk farmers sat 
down in astute of great perspirnUon.l 
Mr. Grkbneeak raid: There are three thou¬ 
sand young men about the age of thirty, honest 
ami true and energetic, without, five dollars to a 
dozen of them, who would like to know .lust 
where they could go and, by work and diligence, 
and observation and labor, and not by pulling 
the devil by tho tail as a groat many people do 
boro in New York City, secure for themselves a 
homo and a competency, If I pul an advertisc- 
nionl in a daily paper, “Wanted, directly, a cer¬ 
tain number of men," with tile guarantoo that 
they should got an honest living, j could get ton 
ihoiisund in this city within twenty-four hours. 
Where there are uiou without money, hut with 
good health, with common intelligence, with a 
willingness to work, mid with (he knowledge, 
perhaps, of some trade, what, shall they do, 
where shall they go? shall they remain here and 
live on those that arc Here, or can this Club toll 
llicm where they can go and have u homo for 
themselves and families? A learned Doctor 
known by tho rctnarltabloname of Smith said: 
Got them go to the West. Here is a magnificent 
region, whore an acre of land can he purchased 
imu ffiamaim 
FARM FENCES. 
BY L. D. SNOOK. 
In the following list of form fences I lmve 
endeavored to give only those that are of 
practical value and in actual use by many 
farmers. They illustrate the various modes 
of arranging rails for the turning of stock 
and indicating Urn boundary lino of farms. 
In many see!ions of (lie country the com¬ 
mon, crooked, zig-zag, (sometimes called the 
Virginia or worm,) rail fence is extensively 
used, and, in COnsoquoiiec of the scarcity of 
the desired material, cannot he immediately 
replaced by the improved board, post, and 
rail, iron or stone fence. As commonly 
constructed, with wide-spreading stakes at 
each corner, it, occupies a strip of ground 
nearly a rod in width, which is far worse 
than useless, affording a harboring place for 
noxious weeds, etc. 
ffr-mlrril. That y \fim;p,n wrtiIIrates bo ImsikhI to 
pui'tie# desiring to visit, the South (orthc purpose of 
personal observation will] a viowto personal rattio. 
in on t or Jovastinnnt; sulit certlllrates good over all 
. In 
1 OKU hit Jons UK IBM bo adopted by n BUhiiIIiik oum. 
mittoo to bo appointed by this Convention. 
Actual settlors on all tlio roads represented at 
the Convention are charged at the rate of one 
cent per mile, ami excursionists who propose to 
invest.capital ur sottlo, are charged at tho rate 
of two cotii.-i per mile- K. HudBR itT, Atlanta, 
Ga.. is the chairman of tho standing committee, 
who will furnish all the circulars and mlonmi- 
tion that may be desired on application. Every¬ 
thing in this connection is done in good faith, 
and any man going there will boas well treated’ 
as ho could be many other portion of t he United 
States. Now, the people of the South uro very 
anxious to got the North to understand t lio re¬ 
sources of their country. 
Mr. Greks leaf said tho questions had been 
pot. to him with especial reteronco to Iowa and 
Minnesota. Dr. Trimble raid: I think the man 
who recommends any particular section of 
country ter people to go to takes upon himself 
a very groat responsibility, and particularly in 
t he ease of young men who know nothing about 
farming, I won I advise them to go to uny pur- 
• toutin' section o£ apunlry, and certainly not to ! 
the South In its present condition, i saw lust 
summer some- young men who had bought, 
farms, and were managing them admirably; but 
every one of thoso young men had served an 
apprenticeship to a good farmer before be hod 
a farm o! his own. Young men tYom New York 
who had never boon farmers might us well en¬ 
gage in any other business that they know 
nothing about. I would advise nil such young 
men to serve an apprenticeship to some practi¬ 
cal fanner, and in tho course ol’ a. summer or 
two they can learn how to farm well ami make 
u good living afterwards, ft was suggested that 
some of these, young men huvo families. Dr, 
1 Kimble .raid they could always get wages for 
their work on a farm. 
Tfie Blackberry Professor said that earnest, 
intelligent men, endowed with common intelli¬ 
gence, could make as good farmers and garden¬ 
ers as any person brought up in the country, 
Limply by reading and observation. He said the 
best farmers in the world bit, men who never 
di ovo a spade. Any man of common sense and 
energy can learn enough in one week to put la¬ 
bor cm a farm that will make everything bloom 
as the rose. Every day there are men who wore 
brought, op In the countlt.tr room, mid who 
When compelled by depression Of business or 
tiio calf of wife and children, to go into tho 
country, go forth and shine in their new walk 
and it is they who embellish this country all 
over. The man who is driven from the city, goes 
into the country, and everything about, him 
Hhlnes, J ‘lon’t bellevo in tho oroneml intolli- 
gene© of Hie working farmers of tins country, 
who have net been educated lo any other busi¬ 
ness. They want energy. Lot a man that is 
tired and sick of (his city go forth with certain 
energy and buy Hits land and apply all his bodily 
and mental vigor to bis work, and he will learn 
from those around him all that they know-any- 
thing that :i stupid farmer who never reads 
knows. There is more intelligence that in- can 
gi\.‘ i<>rlh in one week than Hie men around him 
have acquired in a lifetime. 
Tim I. • i. - the - Cut - ou t - of -1 he - Bag Professor 
asked i m learned man of blackberry fame:- 
' How lit that tho fool comes in fresh from the 
for .six or seven dollars, that will yield better 
than any land in New Jersey or i’etmsvlvanla. 
Lot a man go to the West, and be will find u 
market at his very door. The whole country is 
threaded by railways, and instead of traveling 
off to a distance to find a market, a man rides 
up to Ids door on horseback mid buys up every 
bushel of corn lie has for sale, and every dozen 
of eggs. Go Into Kansas, Nebraska, and por¬ 
tions of Missouri. That, Is tho place for the 
young men to go, and if there arc ten thousand 
Imre, the sooner live thousand go the better for 
themselves, those who remain behind and ihe 
country generally. A gentleman said (hero was 
plenty of land on Long Island. Mr. Fuller 
talked sensibly in this wisc:-Tho State of New 
Jersey or New York is just as good a place n« 
any m the world for young men if they will 
only livo according to their income. I have 
been in a position to wnnt Just such young men 
i am in waut of tlioia to-day. I nfu-rw could 
get them-decent, intelligent, laborers — near 
the city of Now York. A young man will go 
out with me and stay one summer, and by the 
time autumn has oOrno ho will say, “J rather 
guess 1 have learned enough of this business 
to nm I HI* thing myself." They leave. I don't 
blame them. They come to work for me, and 
on Saturday afternoon want to put their kid 
gloves on and start, for New York, and want ten 
dollars to spend while there. When they go out 
West they don’t expect It. A young man gets 
married a nd goes to New Jersey Just as good a 
place flit he can rind in the world— fo make 
money. Directly lit? wife must have a nice 
carpet and handsome chairs, aud they must, he 
had, and it will take a thousand or two dollars 
to do it. out West, a shanty or tog-house and 
a pine table arc good enough for the best. They 
will sit down there and cultivate tlio land with¬ 
out indulging in any unnecessary luxuries, and 
in ten or fifteen years they liavo good farms and 
are independent. That is my experience. I wo* 
married in a log cabin and lived In It, which 
I never could hare done near the city of New 
York Tf it was not for that one thing—pride 
and the speech of people — I would say to young 
men. Stop In New York ; but it is no use. ' I say, 
Go West,; be one of them. Start wii h the rest, do 
as the rest, and then you can eorno back and live 
here, and indulge In nil the luxuries you want. 
Bent and Mack. - in answer to a question aa 
to the difference between pent, and muck, the 
handsome and graceful Professor of Chemistry 
suited lie could answer that inquiry if the In¬ 
quirer wouId tell him where daylight ended and 
night begun. 
Apple Tree Worm*. — E. E. JlAl.L, Marcollus, 
N. Y., swabs the nests of the worms early in the 
morning with strong soap suds. An Iowan puts 
into a shot gun a half-charge of powder and a 
small wad, holds the muzzle of the gun within a 
foot and a half ol* nest, and blows the worms to 
kingdom conic.” The Blackberry Professor 
gets bis pound-and-a-half worms off with a polo 
ami his hands. Mr. Fuller had been aided in 
tho dost ruction ol' Ids worms by a little ichneu¬ 
mon lly. 
15 oh to ring Worn-out Land*,— J. 1 J. WOOD- 
burn, Kingsville, O., writes the Club:—“On a 
farm I bought some years ago there was an acre 
that had been cultivated until it was entirely 
exhausted. It was a hard clay soil. I ploughed 
the ground eight inches deep, rolled with a 
heavy roUor to grind the clods, planted to 
com and manured in tho hill. I had a thin 
growth of stalks and about forty bushels of 
ears to the acre. I picked tho corn the first 
ol September, when fairly glazed, cut the 
stalks close to the ground and ploughed them 
under green. The next spring I ploughed 
nod planted to corn, as before, manuring in the 
hill, picked tho corn In September, eighty 
bushels to tho acre, and a heavy growth of 
stalks, which were again plowed under. Tho 
samo plan was pursued the third year, when Hie 
productive powers of the ground were found to 
be Hilly restored." He then sowed to oats and 
seeded with clover and timothy, getting enor¬ 
mous crops. 
the Best liliu'lthcrry at)( | Raspberry.— Miss A. 
Walker, Canandaigua, N. Y., a*ks the name of 
the best blackberry und raspberry for culture in 
that region. Mr. Cari'Bntersu.vs the Klttatinny 
blackberry and tho Clark raspberry. 
Cotton Heed Oil. -Jacob Powell, of Indiana, 
writes that Otic of his neighbors wants him to go 
Sout h and engage in tho manufacture of co. ton- 
seed-oil. He asks il' it will pay. No one replies. 
Fioure 1. 
Figure 1 represents a section of a straight 
rail fence, The stakes are first driven in the 
soil from four to six inches asunder, sufficient 
to admit of a rail of medium size; a stone 
or block of wood a few inches in height is 
placed between the stakes, upon which arc 
properly placed two or three rails; apiece 
of annealed wire is then placed around both 
.stakes, the ends being well twisted together, 
upon which are placed rails until within a lew 
inches ot' the top, when another hit of wire, 
a wooden pin, or a wooden cap, as most 
convenient, is attached. 
In building tills class of fence, it will he 
necessary lo cut away with an ax a portion 
of each end of many rails, that they may 
fit closely within the stakes. Iu this as well 
as other rail fences, the largest and heaviest 
rails should ho reserved for tho top, render¬ 
ing their removal by unruly stock and high 
winds less easy. Keep tho crooked ones in 
a panel by themselves, and if they are very 
crooked it is policy to use them lor stakes, 
or consign them to tho (lames; for to have a 
fence to please and notlo provoke the intru¬ 
sion of stock, use none but stmiff/it rails. 
When economy of rails is desired, imme¬ 
diately after setting the si,tikes east up a 
ridge of earth by plowing two furrows on 
each side, throwing up the second furrow 
with a shovel, making a ridge a foot nr more 
in height, and not less than a fool iri breadth 
at the top; proceed as above, in the construc¬ 
tion of the fence; sow grass seed upon the 
This plan saves two rails to a panel, 
renders the stakes more firm and less liable 
to heave by the action of the frost, aud 
unruly cattle do not have the. same advantage 
in attempting to get through or over it. In 
situations not liable to the prcvalenjce of 
high winds this is the fence that should be 
used, occupying less ground than many other 
kinds; and, when properly constructed, it is 
a substantial and neat fence. 
should be made with a crowbar to the depth 
of twenty inches at least;. One man, stand¬ 
ing on a bench or box, drives them with a 
sledge hammer or common wooden beetle, 
while an assistant, keeps them upright. Make 
all the holes before you commence driving 
the stakes, which should be all sharpened, 
and the top end reduced to a size admitting 
tlic caps to pass over them readily before 
they are brought lo the field. 
\\ lien the fence is made four or more rails 
high, (the size of rails, &c., will govern,) the 
caps arc put on and tho fence finished by 
the addition of two or three more rails. 
In localities where caps are expensive or 
difficult to obtain, good annealed wire, size 
10, will answer all purposes. It. should lie 
drawn tightly up around the stakes; it will 
bury into them, and the weight, of Ihe rails 
above the. wires will rest upon the stakes, 
having a tendency to keep them in the 
ground when acted upon by the frost. 
The most expeditious manner in which to 
sharpen stakes is to have a large flat block 
of wood for I ho stake to stand on, which is 
held upright with one hand aud sharpened 
with an ax held in the other; a hollow cut 
in the upper surface of the block will con¬ 
siderably expedite the operation. Hop poles, 
stakes for grape vines, etc., are best sharpened 
in the above manner. 
A 
\ , —Vy.-- *■ - ' 
' V 'hw- V * ^ 
V-vv lift 
Vv. 
Figure i. 
In figure 4 is shown tho lies! plan known 
for staking tho common rail fence. Ti. dis¬ 
penses with stakes at the corners, and, in 
consequence ot their central position, they 
are not liable to lie broken or loosened while 
plowing; nor does the fence occupy as much 
laud as by tho old mode, in consequence 
ol tho central point at which the slakes cross 
the upper rail ot fence, it is required to sus¬ 
tain the weight of the stakes and riders; 
therefore this part should be strong and of 
well seasoned material. 
* 5-^5 - 
<r '" r '^ f f 
Figure 5. 
Figure 5 represents a plan of bracing a 
rail fence, whether it, he staked and ridered, 
sluiced and capped, locked and ridered, 
staked and wired, or wired and pinned, all of 
which kinds of fence are easily blown down 
by a heavy wind, rails broken, stock let into 
fields of valuable gram, time spent, and 
patience exhausted in rebuilding them. Tho 
manner of using the arrangement is clearly 
shown in the figure. Il consists in placing- 
on the inside leeward corner a. piece of rail, 
one end resting upon the ground, t he other 
placed underneath the third rail from the 
top. A. fence braced as shown has stood five 
years without repairing, while a staked, 
locked and ridered fence by the side of it, 
has been prostrated three times, although in 
a less exposed situation, thus demonstrating 
the value of this attachment when used in 
connection with the common rail fence.— 
[Concluded next week. 
' ' — -S' w- - _ . * Z-'./ ' - 
-v. .tetra * 
Figure 3. 
Figure 2, though in appearance it some¬ 
what resembles the previous one, is more 
expensive, and is designed especially for the 
use of poles or slender rails that it would be 
impossible to properly arrange in a fence by 
any other plan To ile .i.,k- , are no 
cleats as shown, from four to seven at, every 
set ot stakes. Size of rails and purpose of 
fence will decide this point. A ridge of 
earth can be thrown up as in tho previous 
plan, with a corresponding economy of 
timber. 
<V H t 
Fig che 3. 
Figure 3 exhibits a mode of staking a zig¬ 
zag fence. After the foundation lias been 
laid, the stakes should be driven; holes 
A Wat Cellar lioitoin.— f want, to know how 
to tlx tho bottom of my cellar so that it will bo 
dry. I have a drain around It six inches lower 
than tlio bottom of tho cellar, yot tho water, in 
a wet time, oozes up all through tho collar bot¬ 
tom. The water is not deep, but makes It quite 
muddy. Can tho bottom of I lie cellar be 
cemented so as to make it watertight? or will 
tiie water raise tho cement ho us to break it ? If 
it can be cemented successfully, how should It 
be done? And what would be the cost, tho ccllttr 
being thirty-six by twenty-four foot. Any one 
giving tho desired information will be held in 
grateful remembrance by a ItuuAL subscriber. 
A. Graves, Scoff, Pa. 
-- 4 -*-*- 
Emery Applied to Wheel*. — Can you, or some 
one else, toll through the columns of tlio Rural 
how to apply emory to cylinders or wheels? f 
want to put an emery wheel In my turning lathe 
to polish rusted tools.— Subscriber, Dimuanium, 
Ohio. 
Emory flour is easily fastenod by weak glue to 
the Icathor-coveml ftioo of a wheel, and as easily 
renewed when necessary. Usually, oil and em¬ 
ery, applied to the leather covering. Insufficient. 
There are various kinds of emery wheels made, 
each claiming some special advantages. See our 
a it vert.ising coin rn na. 
4 »+--- 
Power tor HuNlng Hay. — In reply to a corres¬ 
pondent who nsks, wo say tlmt tho hoisting 
apparatus used by Mr. Davld Lyman, (illustra¬ 
tions of whose barns appoured in tho Rural of 
Feb. 13,) is that made by Hedkuiok A Co., Al¬ 
bany, N. Y. Mr. Lyman says:—“ It is admirably 
suited to unloading coat from vessels, putting 
hay into barns, and such like purposes. The 
power is applied to good advantage, and all 
hacking avoided, Tho railroad apparatus for 
carrying tho forkfuls of hay to the back part of 
the barn, made by H. K. Plumb, Monroe, Conn., 
pleases mo exceedingly. ’’ 
-4-* 4- 
Petroleum a* a Preserving Agent. — A. J. Hunt 
of Michigan, asks if petroleum will not pene¬ 
trate tho pores Of wood—fence posts, for in¬ 
stance,— and prevent rot. We cam sot say. 
