grasses adapted to titc seasons, the most val¬ 
uable of Whicli is the Mesquit, keeping green 
all winter and nestling under the brush, 
especially the tree of the same name which 
springs up where the sod Is broken and at 
once gives the. country the beauty of A 
peach orchard and a welcome shade to herds 
and flocks. Nor doe* the rich land alone 
produce the licit grasses $ they are found 
among the stone and on the romantic hills, 
which are seen north aild west in beautiful 
succession and grandeur. The botanist de¬ 
scribes more than one hundred varieties, 
most ot which are suited to the epicurean 
ticks. I have not been troubled with either 
since, and still keep the same flock of sheep. 
Now, Mr. Editor, if you think my experience 
with scab is worth anything to the human fami¬ 
ly, please publish. The remedy Is a cheap one; 
any poor tobacco or »fouls will artswer. The 
tobauco Juice was as warm as l thought they 
Would bear, and I did not seo any signs of scab 
after the first dipping." 
understand what you want of them. Many 
fractious boys undertake to break colts, who 
were never properly taught the duty of self- 
government, Beware of doctoring horses or 
mules improperly. It is the practice of 
fools. D. Lee. 
Knox Co., T -nn., 18Cih 
err sr man 
H. S. RANDALL, LL. D., EDITOR, 
O* Cortland Village, Cortland Coovry, N*w York. 
THE MANAGEMENT OF COLTS, 
LETTERS FROM THE SOUTHWEST 
T here are maiiy ft lid substantial reasons 
why it, Is easltfr to bleed colls and all farm 
stock, front honey-bees drill chickens up to 
horses arid neat brittle, downward than up- 
When a niare is bred to a horse In* 
NUMBER THREE, 
Ifcnvy fli-fcrs.. Pr.TtH Martin, East Rush, 
Monroe Co., N. writes to Us: 
“friclospd you wtll find wimples from five 
thrcc-ycm-uin Me-pio ewes, bred by C'UARekr 
,1) HaVv.mH), luidport, Addison Co., Vt. They 
navo boon wintered on hay, turnips and grain 
since the first of April, Maid ewes all bred InmbS 
bwt, year, but did tloJt mli'liie them, Nn. 1 did not 
breed Hint ym< y , nil (ho rest have bred ami 
MickiCd hunks from (ho 1st to (ho 15th of April, 
anil all were shorn May 15. Ago of fleece one 
year and five days. No. 1 clipped hr, Ihs.iNp, 13, 
kv %; M<>. a. n lbs.; No. 4, I* III*.; Kd. 5, liv. 
lbs. rite live ivg.s mull those owes, all being 
p.W'eSi wa l e shorn on the same day. (Hipping on 
tile average thlrtocn pounds ilireo ounces; ago 
of fleece thirteen months. The samples were 
drawn from the fleeces alter being tied. I in¬ 
tend to have some of those fleeces cleansed.” 
The earn (lien enclosed are of the following 
lengths, in Inches:—No. I, IT#; Nos, 3 and5, 
about 2!i ; No. 1, :l,v. They oid covered moder¬ 
ately with black gum externally, and within 
have a full but nrtt excessive amount of yolk. 
If the samples averugo with tile lienees In the 
iAttbr parth-ulttr; drift tile Sheep' are. of ordlmify 
size, It Is dlllinilf. to see how Hectics of that 
IcngtlPcouId have reached, such a weight. We 
wish lllose who report such hem y lleoecs would 
be adore part icular In stating all the conditions— 
a mount and kind of feed, weight of carcass, 
whether the samples am average samples in re¬ 
spect to yolk, whether the sweat-balls word all 
done up in the Uecco, Stc. 
Wo aro glud Mr. Martin proposes to have Ids 
lienees scoured. Let him sotui them to a known 
and reliable manufacturer who, amongst oilier 
things, will be ready to certify how and to what, 
extent they arc scoured. Wo have other things 
to say about the mode both of producing and 
reporting lingo fleeces, but not intending to ap¬ 
ply our remarks any more to Mr. Martin than 
to others, wo will reserve them for a move gen¬ 
eral article. 
Crihlitng Hornes, - L. I,. P„ RertfrisviHo, Pa. t 
writes: "I have a horse ilmt cribs: what, is the 
remedy?" It Is a habit difficult, to euro. Ono 
remedy Is a muzzle with bars across the bottom' 
siftflekriilly wide iiioirt toullow the hmso to pick 
tip the grain and pull the lin> and yot not grasp 
the edge of his ittittlgrr. This is nut always ef- 
fdctnaL Another way. and perhaps as good, is 
to turn such a horse Into the yard ail hour each 
day anil fetfffm mlT and piny. M e have known 
bad fuses cured by this means. 
ward. 
forior to herself jri blood or constitution, her 
blodd lienilftiicritly lUderlofatefi,- anil the 
breeding is downward. If she is lift'd (o ft 
jack, arid, carries the hybrid foal eleven 
months, the blood of (he ass hybridizes her 
system so that slid i niuiot give birth to colts 
as pure iu blood thereafter as before becom¬ 
ing the mother of a mule. The old Roman 
maxim, fadits descensus averni, (easy is the 
road to hull,) applies with full force to flic 
extension of life, whether iu animals or 
plants, from one generation to another. 
This wonderful progression of life from 
one organized being into another should be 
carefully studied by farmers if they would 
itridefstand the art arid science of Improving 
all parerital blood. The management of 
colts, however, refers more to the Improve¬ 
ment of their constitutions after they are 
born Ilian to the blood which they may de¬ 
rive from either parent. 
It is best that colts should not be born 
until grass or clover Is plenty to increase the 
milk of their dams. Tender, nutritious 
herbage in the spring forms healthy blood In 
the mare's system, and generally milk irl 
great abundance. Brood marcs and colts 
old enough to lick salt, need it every day 
when feeding on grass. Cults, pigs, grown 
hogs and horses are quite subject, to worms 
when long deprived of salt. Children and 
adult persons suffer equally, as we found 
during the late, war, when salt, was in some 
places not to be had for any culinary pur¬ 
poses. For man to cat fresh meat, fresh 
butter, bread, potatoes and all vegetables 
with no salt, is not healthy; and the same 
physiological laws apply to our domesticated 
mammalia. The writer suits his cows giv¬ 
ing milk every day, and his colls and mules 
about as often. 
In the Southwest we deaden timber in¬ 
stead of clearing it all oft'; consequently, 
dead standing trees and many fallen encum¬ 
ber our pastures, and peril the limbs and 
lives of running, careless colts 
- • llliwir. 
We have waited for it a week, since receiving 
the third one, and think it of no use to wait any 
longer.] 
Galveston, Texas, May &, i860. 
Hon. Henry S. Randall— /W Sir 
I am here at the " Exchange,” a really good 
hotel, refreshed by the mild breeze front the 
Gulf, resting from the long pioneer trip of 
eighteen days, It is my first and pleasant, 
duty to mention the kindness of genial 
friends who knew “ the heart of a stranger," 
and made each point of leaving an occasion 
of regret.. 
A. <t. Stabauoh, from Hofroy Grove, near 
flic Red Ivivcr, with ('apt. Moore, were our 
road companions until we reached Dallas, 
when Cols. McCoy and Baseord made us 
welcome, the latter gentleman making me a 
present of Yoakum’s (two vol.) History of 
1 exns, the reading of which gave me fresh 
impressions of this State, which promises to 
till a large space in our country’s history. 
Messrs. Hutchings and Baker of Hous¬ 
ton, connected with the Central Railroad, 
showed us every attention. Judge C.\i,n 
well of the Supreme Court pointed out ob¬ 
jects of interest and made us acquainted 
with gentlemen of the Press and others who 
have unlimited faith in the future of this 
Empire State. Never before was I so im¬ 
pressed with the pleasure afforded by rail¬ 
roads and their utility to a country, as on 
this ride of one hundred .and fifty miles 
horn Bryan to the Gulf. This country, from 
the Red River to the Rio Grande—five times 
larger than all New England—with iron 
ways, may in mauy sections be a paradise of 
comfort and the home of a refined and 
noble people; while, wanting the road, it 
would be the fit home of nomads and the 
aiding place for outlaws or a people only 
ambitious to live regardless of refinement, or 
the weal of those who may come after 
them, 
A class of citizens, including editors and 
professional men far above the average 
standard, have found their way to Texas. 
They, as a class, were never hearty in the 
attention. The Colorado grass also, which 1 
did not, examine, is coming into favor. 
1 do not understand the Wide-spread dis¬ 
couragement heri?, Die same as pqfvades the 
North; ift regard to the flock. The scab so 
'Common can be cured by tobacco, easily 
grown on this soil. A pack of hounds are 
sure to scatter the wolves. Burrs are only 
found about the towns and neglected fields, 
and do not render the wool so near worth¬ 
less a« la supposed, since the fllodcm cleaners 
at the factory leave the wool com putatively 
soft. The fall-fed lambs,when A week old, can 
endure the. cold of the Northwestern. And 
to avoid mortality by storms, sheds cart be 
erected at small expense, covered with 
shakes or lumber, costing less thari at the 
North. As a precautioii against a severe 
winter, a large enclosure of grass could he 
kept as a reserve tor one month, as an excep¬ 
tion to our rule of five and six months’ feed¬ 
ing at the North. 
It is urged that the fleeces grow lighter; 
the answer is, they have less of animal oil 
than where corn is fed, and the wool should 
be sold on its merits. Granted that it loses 
its softness. The use of full blood bucks 
will keep tlie younger portion of the (lock 
from that, relapse, and this stock can be 
shipped to Galveston or Indiitnola as well 
as ice or marble, and before many years 
can be taken southward from Missouri and 
Kansas by rail. The comparative low prices 
cannot be urged here, if exception is made 
of the cotton product,. Lands to be used as 
a pastin’© arc free, fuel is free, corn is cheap. 
Worm* lir IIoihc*.—I ir answer f<> “North¬ 
west V hfaUify, t would state that l Inivo been 
iu t he habit at feeding my horses a mw potato 
One© or twice a week for the past twelve years, 
and they have never been troubled with the 
ascarides or pin worms. My grandfather con¬ 
sidered It a sure preventive, and his experience 
with homes was extensive. — 11. II. 0., Guilford, 
Loudon Co., Va. 
Diphtheria tn Horse*.—Can you, or some of 
your mnnorouu readers, inform me of a remedy 
for a disease known as the Diphtheria, in horses? 
It Is a disease of (lie throat, the same as in 
people, ftevefnl horses have died with it already 
this spring.—1\ E. W„ Denmark, N. Y. 
At* Ailing Colt.—I wish some of your readers 
would inform too whnt alls my colt. He is two 
years old this spring. His sheath has hoen swelled 
for three months, lias been cleaned three or four 
times, and is not foul*—W. LOCKS, South Otsellv, 
a. r. 
trbsimm 
The Tnrrif—Orrrra#* In Hherp,—The Commis¬ 
sioner of Agriculture, in ills March and April re¬ 
port, very Justly sitys: 
" In a recent address before the I Jos ton Social 
Science Association, Edward Atkinson said: 
Onr supply of hauhor from our own cuttle Is entire* 
IV ICBnnc:ti 4 lll, b-iln* Ofily (wo-third- ot what we 
need; and Ibis IDsuinoieney Is greater now than 
formerly, from two Causes. The Hr *t I* the excess'vn 
noimiml for beef during the war; t.lio »orontl, Mir on- 
iiulunil stimulus given to the puIhIiik sheep rather 
than ,,f cattle, caused by the no-culled protect!VO 
duty on wool. 
The plain inference that,entile raising hasde- 
elluotl and wool growing advancod since the en¬ 
actment of the present wool tarilf, and as a 
result, of such enactment, is correct neither In 
on*! nor the oilier branch of this statement. On 
tint contrary, cattle have ln<5rouaed and sheep 
dl mini shod, but not as a result of l.lie passage of 
that law. flic diminution in sheep has been 
henry—not less than twenty per cent.—while the 
increase of cattle has been very aright. The 
need uf woolens during the war excited an ex¬ 
traordinary demand, In the supply of which 
homo producers shared with foreigners. The 
high price of gold acted nsti protection, hut the 
vat * h) and wool interests enjoyed that advantage 
in equal proportion. When lho tariff wan en¬ 
acted, a reaction in wool had commeueed, not 
only m the United States, but also, in a less de¬ 
gree, In every wool-producing country. The 
law has simply broken the force of that reaction, 
and prevented a ruinous sacrifice of all our 
flocks, which would havobankrupted thousands, 
without benefiting Iu the slightest degree the 
cattle I armor, or cheapening beef or hides.” 
FOOT-ROT IN CATTLE. 
A CORRESPONDENT of the Western Rural 
says.- —“I would like to suggest a remedy 
for foot-rot, in cattle. Take a pint of turpen¬ 
tine, one ounce affinely pulverized corrosive 
sublimate, one ounce of gum camphor. Let 
the mixture stand for twenty-four hours, 
when it, will lie lit for use. 
“ The value of this liniment, depends greatly 
upon the fineness to which the corrosive sub¬ 
limate is pulverized. 
“ I believe tins to lie the most penetrating 
liniment in the world. It destroys all infec¬ 
tion, putridity, ulceration, old running sores, 
proud flesh, and all skin and bone diseases 
of the horse. I have never tried it for hoof- 
rot iu cows, but have no doubt il, will answer 
the purpose. 
“In using, always shake the bottle well 
before taking out the stopper. Pour the 
liquid into an earthcu vessel, as it corrodes 
vessels of metal. Apply with a little mop of 
soft rag lied on a stick, once a day for live 
days, then omit for three days. If the lini¬ 
ment is too severe, grease Avilh hog’s lard, 
wash the parts clean and apply again.” 
The remedy 
for this is to cut down all dead trees, whose 
branches and trunks may full on any farm 
stock, and burn them. Keep young foals in 
smooth, clear fields, where pure water and 
good grazing abound for their mothers. 
Keep all older colts in other pastures, for 
they will chase and worry, and may injure 
sucking colts. 
Handle and gentle colts early; feed them 
a little meal and salt, and halter-break them, 
but never tie them iu stables. A near neigh¬ 
bor not long since lost a colt worth one hun¬ 
dred and fifty dollars by breaking his leg in 
a bad stable. Btables should have room in 
abundance, no other floor than dirt, forest 
leaves, straw or corn stalks for dry bedding, 
and no racks but mangers to eat iu or out 
of. I am building stables with largo doors 
and a passage through for a wagon loaded 
with leaves and marl. All stallies on farms 
should ho built to haul dry litter in and ma¬ 
nure out with the greatest facility. The 
production of the best manure at the least 
cost requires no inconsiderable science, and 
far more convenient stables than I was able 
to find in New York or Pennsylvania in 
a recent Northern tour. When a farmer 
handles over twice or three times eight hun¬ 
dred pounds of water in 1,000 pounds of 
manure, hauls it to a field and spreads it by 
band, what is tins water worth as plant, food 
where nature drops from the clouds some 
three or four thousand Ions of water on 
every acre in twelve months ? 
Colts, and especially mules, should be in 
fields securely fenced. I build no fence un¬ 
der ten rails, and want pretty large rails to 
keep mules where they belong, Male mules 
may be easily castrated at an earlier ago 
have a fair chance for improvement and just, 
compensation for their labor. Texas is the 
Empire State, and before one acre in ten ol 
her rich cotton and sugar and corn lands are 
tilled she must have a million more of strong- 
armed laborers. 
Skilled labor, too, will be required. The 
new factories for cotton and wool, and shops 
for plow making gave tokens of practical 
economists and enterprises which should at¬ 
tract capital and skilled labor where the raw 
material is at hand, and food is cheap. I do 
not say the traveler finds food either good or 
cheap; but nature furnishes the condition* of 
good living. 
The creeks and bays swarm Avith fish. 
Beef by the quantity and mutton do not 
cost two cents a pound, uiul he avJio has never 
owned stviiie has hut to go out and shoot 
one. Cora is now Avaist high by the streams, 
and, with improved cultivators, can he raised 
for thirty cents a bushel; and in the north¬ 
ern section of the State the wheat in full 
head gave promise of an abundant harvest. 
This is the home of the SAveet potato, and I 
(lid not observe, of the millions uf peach 
trees passed, one that was not loaded with 
fruit. Apples are not found far south of the 
Red River. 
1 could not visit the famed copper mines 
of the Northwest, nor the iron hills of the 
Last, nor traverse the immense pine re¬ 
gions, which invito railroads and have grow¬ 
ing timber equal to the wants of millions of 
people for centuries. It was not my fortune 
to see the famed owner of 6,000 swine on the 
Red River, or the more fortunate possessor 
of 50,000 head of cattle near the coast, and 
moie reluctant still Avas I to leave without a 
visit to the sheep Avalks and hills made 
classic, by the pen, the genius and devotion 
of the lamented Kendall. This is his trib¬ 
ute 1 he most romantic spirit and high 
toned of successful American shepherds is 
gone! 
1 kept my eyes open through fifteen coun¬ 
ties, darting from the snail-like moving 
stage-coach to talk with the m™™ nf 
aiin, mr. bia m.<jN sands slated mat money 
Avn-i what was wanted to carry out the purposes 
of the meeting. “ Names," says a newspaper re¬ 
port of tho proceedings, “continued to be called 
out, and at the close of the mooting the sub¬ 
scription list stood as folloAVfi, making a total of 
$17,350:- Mulilon Sands, <6,(XX); Charles H. Mar¬ 
shall, 16,000; Robert 15. Minium, $£,500: Thomas 
Holland, $1,000; James M. Drown. $1,000; VV 
Jessup & Sons, $500; VV. D. Morgan, *500; H. T. 
Mall & Co., *500; Alfred Pell, J r „ *“D0; Daniel ( 
Bobbins, *250; Whatman'*! Co„ *850; Louis Wind- 
pulller & Itoelker, $100; Henry Jfiekunson, *100; 
Charles Conquest & Son, *100; T. B. Merrick & 
Co., $100; J. K. Miller, *100; Cartwright A Miller, 
$ly0; Free Trade, $5. 
“The President announced that further sub¬ 
scriptions could bo left Avith tho Secretary, at 
No. 30 Burling Slip; after which the meeting, 
on motion, adjourned, subject to tho call of the 
Chair.” 
Cattle DDcnMo In Penotwcot, .Me, — A corre¬ 
spondent of the Maine Farmer, at Corinna, 
states tlml cattle in that vicinity have been sick 
tho present spring to nil unusual degree, and 
some of them have died, lie slides that they 
“refuse to eat, are bloated, and ffrunt at every 
breath, and in most cases, 11 not all, there is 
shivering or trembling in some pan of the body, 
and sometimes tdl over." And lie in ids: 
“ 1 helped to open a, steer, that one of my neigh¬ 
bors lost, and examined him. lie was taken as 
has been described. They gave liiiu boneset, and 
some other medicines, and ho remained about 
the same for three days, when they gave some 
lard, lie ilied iu about mi hour after hiking ii 
On examination, we found the mmnlolil very 
full and hard, so that, we took old. sonic of its 
commits in sheet* from between the folds. Tho 
lungs were very much forger than common, the 
whole surlhee was marked oil' in checkers by tho 
air (jells, which were inflated until they resem¬ 
bled transparent glows or minute bladders. Some 
oi the checker* between these air cells wore 
natural color, others wore a purplish crimson, 
rao whole having Somewhat the appearance of 
marble, except in color. The midriri had the ap¬ 
pearance nf hairing been bruised, blood .mcl 
water having settled in many places. In follow, 
lug down (he windpipe, we found it filled down 
next to the lungs with froth, which extended into 
the bronchial tubes." 
Acclimation of Sheep in Louisiana. — N. S. 
Moore, Longatroot, La., asks whether Merino 
shcop brought from Now Vork to Louisiana are 
liable to die the first year in getting acclimated? 
We have sent thousands arid thousands of sheep 
to the F.ulf (and other Southern) States- lots be¬ 
ing scattered In each of those States; we have 
been in the habit of subsequently corresponding 
with tliolr owners to ascertain their degree of 
success in breeding; and wo never have learned 
of an instance of a sheep dying, or being sup¬ 
posed to die, from the effects of acclimation. 
On the contrary, they have generally thriven 
from the first; and have generally, even In the 
ease ot adult sheep, becomo heavier than they 
ever were prior to transportation. In the second 
generation they usually have increased some¬ 
what in size. 
Teaching Calves lo Drink—A correspondent of 
the Country Gentleman writes: — " My practice 
is to take the calf from the coav at the end of 
twenty-l’our hours, and fasten it. with about, six 
feet, of rope In a box stall; I then milk tho coav, 
and standing off juat far enough for the calf to 
reach me. I wet my linger with milk,.put it in Its 
mouth, and gently lower my hand until it. Is im¬ 
mersed in the rnitk In the pail; Irib It continue to 
have the finger until I have given it enough. 
This I call lesson No. I. Tho second lesson is 
given In this wise:—Dip the linger in tho milk 
and placo it iu its mouth, and wlim you havo 
brought its mouth iu contact with the feed, 
gradually withdraw your finger, and the thing 
is done. It maybe necessary to repent, this at 
the third time. The socrot is (hat you must 
stand Just far enough so that the calf can just 
reach the pail of feed, as the rope wfll then be 
taut, and hence he cannot reach you or butt 
over and spill his milk or food. I have prac¬ 
ticed this for a number of years, and have hart 
no trouhlc to teach calves to drink." 
Disease in Tegs.—AVii. WtCKESUAJt, Sen., near 
Monongabela City, Washington Co., Pa. You do 
not describe tho symptoms of tho disease among 
your tegs sufficiently minutely to enable us tn 
form a definite idea of its character. The fact 
that, you found a grub in the head of ono proves 
nothing: for grubs arc often found in tho heads 
of healthy butchered sheep. It is probably ono 
of those obscure diseases of the head which 
often attack tegs iu the spring, ami which arc 
not apt to find ani r successful remedy. We can 
only recommend abundance of range on dry, 
sound land and sweet line grass —frequent salt¬ 
ing—and shelter from severe storms, should any 
occur. Those diseases generally disappear after 
the tegs have been some time on grass. 
Palmkr, Platt Co., Ill., says that ‘ tobacco will 
not cure scab in sheep by itself," and offers 
what he calls a better remedy., It may be bet¬ 
ter; but, Mr. Editor, tobacco will cure scab, Mr. 
Palmer's opinion to the contrary notwith¬ 
standing. Some three years ago last fall I pur¬ 
chased two hundred and seventy-six head fine 
avooI merino sheep in Hancock Co., III., which 
broke out. with scab, anil I tampered with vitriol 
and several other nostrums until spring, when I 
fixed me a large vat and dipped them in warm 
tobacco juice once before shearing and twice 
after, about one week between dippings. I also 
dipped my lambs the last time with the sheep. 
This entirely cured the scab and killed all the 
Lice on Cuttle arid Colt*.— The afflicted Avill 
find the following an effectual cure, while quite 
harmless to the pat ient and operatorMix lard 
and each olio acid In the proportions of an ounce 
of acid to a gallon of lard. Rub t horoughly on 
all parts Infested. H. W., Davenport, Itnva. 
Hnniplc*.—o. Murium an. Marsftllles, Wyan¬ 
dotte ( u., Ohio, encloses two Merino samples. 
No, 1, from a fourteen months old teg, weight 
ol fleece 13 12-56 lbs. No 2, two-year-old, growth 
ol wool twelve months, weight of fleece 17.vr lbs. 
Mr. M. asks the relative value of each for manu¬ 
facturing. The long (No. 2,) represents the most 
l o Kelleve Choked Cattle.— When an ox or 
oow gets choked, strap up a foro leg and make 
the animal jump. The obstruction Avill liy out. 
-F. A. It., Jr. 
