DRATT’S ASTRAL OIL 
A FOIl FAMILY USE —NO CHANGE OF LAMPS REQUIRED 
C>x A PERFECTLY SAFE ILLUMINATING- OIL. 
/ \ •*«?>, / Strictly Pure—No Mixture. No Chemical*-Will not Explode — Fire Test 145 cie- 
J v» A 'fSA^ ftreos (being ;<5 degrees higher tlmn t* required bv i;. S. Government) - I nequaled 
®AV\ I for Brilliancy nnrt Kconomy — Packed In trip celebrated Guaranty pat. Cans. Ask for 
Pratt's “Astral,’' the safest atul best Illuminating Oil. Try it. Agents wanted in 
.KAotK<'S^f7 v > every town. At. wholesale and retail by tin- Proprietor*. 
'! OIL HOUSE OF ( HAS. PRATT, 
Hu .... c (Established in 1770,i 
Box 30.50. Manufacturers, Packers and Dealers in strictlv First-Class Oils, 
E#?- Pend for Circulars, with Testimonials and Price J,ists. 108 FULTON KT.. NEW YORK. 
daisy, dandelion, and many other plants 
seem to spring from the roots, and are, there¬ 
fore, called radich learn. If such plants 
blossom, the flower stem also seems to spring 
from the roots and bears only the flower. 
Such a flower stalk is called a scape; and 
plants that grow thus are sometimes called 
sternkss plants. The stems of grasses, rushes, 
Indian corn, sugar cane, and the various 
species of seeds are called culms. 
HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL ENIG 
MA.- No. 1. 
FOR LITTLE SOLDIERS, 
I am composed Of forty-live letters. 
My 9,45, IS, (5,29,12 was a dlstlnuished mathema¬ 
tician. 
My 19,10, 21,35,37, 14, 36 was one of the most ele¬ 
gant of English writers. 
My 25,37,10,41,40,27, 1, 29, 15 is a plain of Pal¬ 
estine often mentioned in Scripture. 
My 1, 17. 24, 34, 3, 7, 28, 14, 33 was an English 
author of celebrity. 
My 39,44, 8, 6,29 was an illustrious Grecian Phil¬ 
osopher. 
My 38,31,39, 4 was a noted English poet. 
My 37, 7, 43, 32, 5, 13, 37 was an aucient city of 
Italy. 
My 38, 36,31 is the name of a woman mentioned 
in the Bible. 
My 44, 4,14, 16, 2, 34, 42, 37 was a celebrated King 
of Sparta. 
My 8, 20,30, 25 was Queen of England early in 
the 18th century. 
My 22,32,11,87, 6, ll, 37 is generally considered 
one of the inventors of printing. 
My 37. 0,17, 33. 31, 41, 13, 26, 45,24 was the scene 
of a battle in the late Southern rebellion. 
My whole was spoken by one of the greatest of 
American statesmen. J. M. Brainerd. 
Gainesville, Wyoming Co., N. Y. 
wW Answer Jn two weeks. 
Bn brave, little children. 
To battle for Right; 
Have this for your motto. 
In letter* of white, 
On the standard you carry 
Out Into the tight: 
We will strike for true Manhood, 
For Honor and Truth!" 
Enlist, ’ncath this standard, 
Each brave-hearted youth; 
And take for your weapons 
A heart Dint Is pure; 
A will that Is ready 
To do and endure. 
And hands that are willing 
To labor and work. 
And go out to life’s warfare, 
No duty to shirk. 
Be faithful and loyal, 
Each one, to his post. 
And strike down the evils 
That tight in Wrong’s host. 
The enemy’s crafty— 
In loasue with all sin— 
But the soldiers of Manhood 
The battle will win ! 
FREEMAN & BURR, 
CLOTHING WAREHOUSES 
REMOVED TO 
138 & 140 FULTON STREET, NEW YORK, 
(BETWEEN BROADWAY AND NASSAU.) 
OPRING SUITS A Nil OVERCOATS. 
O In every novelty of style. 
chum; suits and overcoats. 
0 Spring Overcoats of Scotch Tweed. 
(JPR1NG SUITS AND OVERCOATS. 
O Spring overcoat* of English Melton. 
SPRING SUITS AND OVERCOATS. 
O Spring Overcoats $6, »«, t »>, f 12 to *25. 
C; Pit 1 NG SUITS AND OVERCOATS. 
IO Suits in Silk Mixture* and Tricots. 
OPUI.VC suits and overcoats. 
o Suit* in Scotch Tweeds. 
OPRING SUITS AND OVERCOATS. 
iC> Suits in English Meltons. 
OPRING SUITS AND OVERCOATS. 
O Suits in blneri Drill* and Duck*. 
o prim; suits and overcoats. 
O Suits, 112. XU. $15, $20 to $35. 
OPRING SUITS for HO VS A YOUTH. 
IO Boy*- Home and School fin Its. 
QPUING SUITS for HOYS A YOUTH. 
O Boys' and Youths’ Dre** Suits. 
OPRING SUITS for BOA’S A YOI TH. 
^ Tlie most useful und becoming styles. 
o prim; spits ror boa’s a youth. 
o Boys’ Linen and Marseilles Suits. 
OPRING SI ITS for HO A s A YOUTH, 
b Boys’ Suits, $6, $H, $10, $12.115 to $20. 
ear new rules for self-measurement. 
PRICE LIST, and SAMPLES OF GOODS, mailed 
free on application. Gentlemen In oil parrs of the 
country are ordering Clothing direct from FREE¬ 
MAN A BURR with entire satisfaction. Perfect 
fitting guaranteed in all case*. 
FREEMAN A BURlt REMOVED 
To 13S & 140 Fulton St., New A’ork. 
\ LCSS.NWVa 
THE SUCCESS OF THE DODGE 
I SELF RAKK.lt during the prist season has been 
beyond all precedent, li« superior merit* have been 
folly established by the uniform satisfaction it has 
given, and by the enthusiastic reports Of tile thou¬ 
sands of purchasers. The great advantage of tills 
Halter over nil other* is. that it require* no adjust¬ 
ment, but I* always ready ter work in any kind of 
crop, *hort or long, lodged or otherwise, and the 
driver can make guvei* with either of the Rakes, 
and whenever ho choose*. In perfect order for bind¬ 
ing. The Machine Is also a splendid Mower. For 
further information, please write for a pamphlet. 
pORTARLE STEAM ENGINES, 
For Farm, Minine;, or 
iUElllA.AIClL PURPOSES. 
These Machines require no brick work; mounted 
on legs, they are especially adapted for use tn Mills, 
Shops, Foundries, or Printing Rooms: or mounted 
on wheels, they are adapted for out-door work, 
Threshing, Wood-sawing, etc. 
Circulars, with description und prices, furnished on 
application to A. N. WOOD St CO., 
liXM-Lit Eaton, Madison county, N. Y. 
easy lessons in botany. 
Dear Nephews and Nieces:— I little 
thought, at the close of our last lesson that 
it would he so long before we should resume 
our pleasing study. 1 have been very busy 
with other matters and could not find time 
to return to our botany lessons until now. 
You will forgive roe, I trust, if I will promise 
to do better hereafter. 
Can any of you tell me where we left off? 
Oh, yes, I remember now 1 We were talk¬ 
ing of buds, and the cause and use of the 
scales that enclose those which are exposed 
to the cold weather of winter. Since then, 
the genial sunshine and refreshing showers 
have tempted these little buds to come forth 
from their winter hiding places, clotlung the 
earth and its trees and shrubs with a beauti¬ 
ful robe of verdure. We seem to be living in 
a new world, as bright, and blooming as 
though it had just sprung from the hands of 
its Maker. 
Can you tell me Wyatt, what these buds, 
in growing, have produced? Yes, they have 
produced stems and leaves. Those tender 
little leaves that were huddled so closely 
together to keep warm through the long, 
dreary winter, have grown into full-sized 
and beautiful foliage; each leaf taking its 
place along the stem in the same order ns it 
■was arranged with others in the bud. Those 
that formed the outer vows in the bud 
form now the lower loaves on the new stem. 
Carrte, bring me a sprig of catnip. You 
are all familiar with this common herb, and 
are laughing, I sec, because 1 have selected 
it; but I think 1 can prove, to you, that, al¬ 
though you have known this humble plant 
from your earliest childhood, there are yet 
many things about it that you have not be¬ 
fore noticed. 
The leaves grow in pairs on opposite sides 
of the stem, and, if you examine the bud at 
the top, you will observe that the leaves en¬ 
closed therein are arranged in pairs also; 
each outer pair being larger and enfolding 
all within it. Look more closely, and you 
will see that the distance between the pairs 
diminishes as you approach the center of the 
bud, in t he same proportion as the size of the 
leaves diminishes. 
The place where each pair ofleavcs comes 
out ou Mu: stem is called the node, and the 
spaces between the nodes are called inter- 
nodes. The internodes are. shorter toward 
the top of the stem, hut they grow longer as 
ihe leaves increase in size above them. 
Pull the stem apart, and you will see that 
the internodes are hollow, the fibers in the 
stem all running parallel to each other, but, 
the nodes seem jointed; this is caused by the 
inner fibers being scut out to form the stems 
of the leaves. You observe that each pair of 
leaves, instead of being placed directly over 
the pair below it, is placed at right angles, 
covering the intermediate spaces on the stem. 
Do you see these little buds in the axils of 
the leaves V They are just beginning to un¬ 
fold, and would soon have grown into 
branches, which in their turn might have 
sent out branches from tlie axils of their 
leaves, and thus this little sprig, had it re¬ 
mained growing, would have finally become 
a large plant. As branches are developed 
from axilary buds, their arrangement, gen¬ 
erally, depends on the arrangement of tlie 
leaves; being opposite in plants that have 
opposite leaves, and alternate iu plants that 
have alternate Imres, that is, where only one 
leaf arises at a node, like the elm, cherry, 
currant, «fcc., Ac. 
Some plants have several leaves at a node, 
forming- a cluster around the stem, like the 
Indian Cucumber-Root, Wake-Robin, Bath 
Flower, and many others; such plants are 
said to have whirled leaves. The pine, lurch 
and barberry, have many leaves clustered 
together iu the axil, the tufts of leaves being 
arranged alternately; these are called fasci- 
culate or tufted leaves. 
The leaves of the blue violet, mountain 
ILLUSTRATED REBUS-No. 17 
Terri'i) Leaves. Wiiorlkd Leaves. 
(Pina.) (Indian Cucumber-Root.) 
Who can tell me of what use the stems 
and leaves are to a plant ? 
Yes, Hattie, tlie stem supports the leaves, 
flowers and fruit, and it. serves also to con¬ 
vey the nourishment absorbed by the roots 
to the leaves, where it is subjected to a pro¬ 
cess called digestion. The roots draw in 
water in which is dissolved various sub¬ 
stances from t lie soil, this, in passing through 
the tissues of tlie stem, dissolves little de¬ 
posits of gum and sugar which have been 
left there, and, entering the leaves, is brought 
in contact with the air by means of the little 
mouths or pores in the surface of the leaves. 
A great deal of the watery portion is sent, 
off and carbonic acid from the air i.s retained 
to give strength to the piunI, while the oxy¬ 
gen is again ret urned to the atmosphere. In 
this way the food of the plant is fitted for 
nourishing it, after which it passes through 
other tissues of the stem, contributing to its 
strength and growth. 
CHURCH 
PARLOR 
V. .1. MAGNIN, GUEDIN 
ft C O. 
beg to announce that they have 
removed their place of business 
from No. 2 MultUn hunt 
TO 
NO. 652 BROADWAY, 
IV KW VOIt K, 
(between Hleeckeratid Bond *ts.,) 
and orter. from their Spring Im¬ 
portations. a complete unu de¬ 
cani assortment of their special¬ 
ties In 
WATCHES, 
HORSE-TIMERS, 
JEWELRY, 
BRONZES, M USICAL 
BOXES 
AND 
FANCY GOODS. 
SOLE AGENTS FOR THE 
NAKD1N WATCH. 
MELODEONS 
Z£f~ Answer in two weeks. 
SQUARE-WORD ENIGMA,—No. 2 
My first we all love dearly. 
My second is a quick conception. 
My third is a painful apprehension. 
My fourth is a title of nobility. 
Buffalo, N. Y\, 1869. L. E. Gant. 
%ST Answer in two weeks. 
TUE HAVE MANUFACTURED 
I * Mdodeons and Organ* twenty-two years.and 
will not risk our well-earned reputation by making 
cheap instruments. 
We have not made a great reduction in prices, and 
cannot, until a reduction in the price of labor ami 
material will warrant ns in doing no. Organs are ad¬ 
vertised nt : A Gold Watches at *15, etc., etc. Semi- 
hie people can Judge of their value. 
Instruments of our own make (twenty yearn old) 
are now valued by their owners as highly us tlie day 
they were bought, and it is our intention to sustain 
our old reputation. 
Illustrated Catalogues and Price List* sent fre- 
to any address. A liberal discount to Churches and 
Clergymen. _ 
GEO. A. PRINCE *fc CO. 
Agent in New York.S. T. GORDON. 
Agent in Philadelphia.JAMES BELLAS. 
ANAGRAM. No. 11 
Prwe ton orf stomb raf drettaces, 
Rof stamlpe sorpetart dull, 
In yth now tearh oil datoterhs, 
Elli saltnr li duh (hum?, 
O g douns tis despth iu dbtou dan reaf 
Peah pu on rome tis scrusaert beer. 
J37”Answer in two weeks. 
PROBLEM.—No, 15 
In answer to the application* we are constantly re¬ 
ceiving, requesting us to exchange our Organs for 
the cheap organs *<> extensively advertised, we must 
say positively that we cannot make such exchange on 
any terms. Our advice is, buy a good Instrument, or 
n ° nC ' GEO. A. PRINCE & CO. 
Alternate Leavi:s-(EIid.) 
Digestion can take place only during the 
daytime, and in the sunlight, as those little 
stomata, or mouths, in the leaves are closed 
during the night. Why do potato tops 
grown in the cellar look so pale and sickly ? 
Because they do not have the sunlight; the 
little mouths in the leaves remain closed and 
cannot take in the carbonic acid from the 
air, which gives plants reared in the field 
their bright, green color, and makes them 
strong and healthy. 
This perimeter of a triangle, containing an 
angle of 60°, measures a hundred rods, and the 
difference in tlie areas betweeu its Inscribed and 
circumscribed circles is 7,'i acres. What are 1 lie 
sides of the triangle ? b. f. a. 
Answer in two weeks. 
A recent discovery that steel w hen made to rotate 
upon glass and similar substances will cut with more 
rapidity and oaso, and la 
CHEAPER, BETTER AND MORE DURABLE 
than the 
BEST DIAMOND. 
INVALUABLE TO EVERY FAMILY. 
NO TOOL-CHEST COMPLETE WITHOUT IT. 
Sent free by mall on receipt of price, *2 each. 
Address 
J. RCTSS2X.I. <St CO., 
GREEN RIVER CUTLERY WORKS, 
BceUmnn St., New York City. 
CHARADE.-No. 14. 
CHICKERINO 6t SONS’ 
GRAND, SQUARE AND UPRIGHT PIANOS. 
We this day issue a Njjw catalogue, in which wo 
print our vary Lowest Pnu'KS.nnd from winch wo 
make no Discounts ok Deviation whatever. 
Our object i* to furnish to our Patrons the vekV 
BKHT PIANOS which can be manufactured, und at 
the viiky Lowest Pricks which will yield us a lair 
remuneration. 
Mv first is a nickname, some people say 
My second, is bitter; my whole is a bay. 
£57* Answer in two weeks. 
PUZZLER ANSWERS. 
Charade No. 12.—Brigadier. 
Anagram No. 11.— 
Home is t he word most holy, 
That falls upon our cur; 
Be it a cabin lowly, 
Or marble palace dear. 
Cross-word enigma no. 7.—Buffalo. 
Mikoki.i.ankouh Enigma No. 20. — All that glit¬ 
ters is not gold. 
Pjtoiu.i M No. 11. One man, two women, seven 
boys and two girls. 
Rosewood 7 octave Hnunre Pianos, 
A grade Bridge, Carved Legs, 
and All Modern Improvements, 
at Prices from S175 to SliOO. 
It will he our aim, as It ha* been during tne past 
Forty-seven Years, to make the very rest rot>- 
sihle Instruments in every respect. Our rule* 
ure: — Never to sacrifice Quality ok Wouk 
done to Economy ok Manukactuke. 
>—- 1r -„ ANTED - AGICNTS 
v. jSSo* *75 to $200 per month, every- 
where, male and female, to 
intro 
KSSSJIAM** proved common sense 
FAMILY SEWING M ACHINE. This Machine will 
stitch, hem, lull, luck, quilt,cord, bind, braid and em¬ 
broider in a roo*t superior manner. Price UJ| !v $JK- 
Pally warranted for ttve years. We will pay *U«AI 
for any machine that will sewu stronger, more beau¬ 
tiful or more elastic seam than ours. It make* the 
•• Elastic Lock Stitch.” Every second stitch can no 
cut, and still the cloth cannot bo pulled apart with¬ 
out tearing It. We puv Agents from $75 to $200 per 
month and expenses, or u commission from which 
twice that amount can bo made. Address SKt dm u 
& co., PmuiiUtto, Pa.: Boston, m.u-.b., or Sr. 
Lon*. Mu. 
CAUTION.—Do not lie imposed upon by other par¬ 
ties palming off worthies* east-iron machines, under 
the same name or otherwise. Ours is the only genu¬ 
ine and really practical cheap machine manufactured 
NEW ADYEETISEMENTS 
Rosewood 7 ‘A octave Grand Piuiioa, 
from our latest nml best scales 
from $1,050 to SI,‘200. 
OF Nil FOR THE WESTERN FARMER, 
tv a large and beautifully printed paper, and On-lend¬ 
ing Journal of it* class in tile West. Offered for six 
month* for FIFTY CENTS, to all who send before 
Julv 1st- After that Onto regular rates ($2 * year) 
will be charged tn all ease*. Address 
VV. B. DAVIS, Publisher, Madison, Wt*. 
Our prices ure as Low as they possibly can be to 
insure the most perfect Workmanship, and tne 
very rest quality ok Material* used tn every 
branch of the business. ..... 
every Piano male jiy us is fully v. akuam- 
eu, and satisfaction guaranteed to the purchaser. 
CH1CKER1NG & SONS 
11 East 141b St., ‘-2IG Washington St.. 
New York. Boston. 
rp o WATCIDBUYER8. 
An illustrated description nr the Watches made by 
thu American Watch Company of Waltham will be 
sent to nuy address on application. 
Jn addition to a description of the* Watches, the 
nnulbhlet contains much other useful information 
to watch-buyers. ROBBINS & APPLETON. 
General Agents, No. IH2 Broadway, N. Y. 
Radicle Leaves-(C ommon Blue Violet.) 
We must dose this lesson now, but we 
will, I trust, soon meet, again, and learn more 
about tlie stems and leaves, as we have only 
just begun to study into their wonderful 
structure and uses. 
Affectionately yours, 
Aunt Ollie. 
notl’f USE SALBBAfUS’ 
It corrodes the lining of me stomach ! 
llORSFOKIVK SELF-RAISING 
BREAD PREPARATION, 
Prepared by Prof. E. N. UOKSKOKI) of Harvard 
University, contains uo fiulcratu*. Bread, Biscuit, 
Muffins, Ac., made with this Prcpa ration, can be 
eaten hot by Invalids and ItyspepHes. 
Send for the printed opinioni of Baron LIEBIG 
of Germany, Prof. DO KICMUS of New York, Dr. C 
T. JACKSON, Muss. State Chemist 
WILSON. LOCKWOOD, EVERETT & CO.. 
201 Fulton St., New York, General Agents. 
<< VJO TRUST.” SOMETHING NEW FOR 
Xv bar-rooms. Mailed for twenty cent*. Ad¬ 
dress Box 14, Port Deposit, Maryland. 
ALUM AND DRY PLASTER 
(f I L V E It PLATED 
SPOONS AND FORKS. 
Base of finest quality of Nickel Sliver; weight- of 
pure silver deposited thereon indicated by Ugures 
plainly slumped upon the back, and f idly guaranteed. 
Also complete table outfits In Platen If'tier amt Cut¬ 
lery. ADAMS, ( HANDLER & CO., 
Manufacturers, No. 20 John St.. New York. 
Scud for Price List und Copy of Guarantee. 
A Singing Mouse. —Have our little friends 
ever seen singing mice ? We never did; but 
we have heard of such, and a gentleman 
recently wrote to one of the New York 
Journals of one that had been caught in a 
trap with .common ones. 11 sang, he says, 
“ in a low husky warbling whistle, very like 
a subdued and somewhat croupy canary bird. 
The trills and runs, and changes of intona¬ 
tion were precisely those of some singing 
bird, and were supposed to be such by every 
one who heard this strange performance 
when the cage was covered.” 
I’Alt i’OMItl’.Ti: 
THE EURERA MOWER 
IK DIRECT DRAFT. 
A FIVE FEET SWATH is cut iis easily us four 
feet with side-cut Mowers. The grass is loft marly 
standing. The horses and machine do not pass over 
or trample the cut grass, which consequently cures 
more rapidly and evenly. A practical test will prove 
the above correct. Manufactured by 
WILBER, STEVENS & CO., Po’kcepsie, N. Y. 
For Streets, Carriage Ways, Walks, Floors, &c. 
BI ULEW «fc FISK PATENTS. 
One continuous piece, and not injured by heat or frost 
Preferable to Hone, und easts but half as much. 
Impervious to gra «. water und noxious vapors. 
Town. Comity, State and individual rights for sale. 
Send for a free circular. __ 
RUSSELL FISK & CO., 
440 West Twenty-third St., N. Y. City. 
ARE THE MOST DESIRABLE FOR QUALITY, 
FINISH AND PRICE. 
( No. 2G5 Broadway, New York- , . 
Principal ) no. 721 Chestnut St-. Philadelphia- 
Warehouses, jJank St., Cleveland, Ohio- 
