ered flowers are thinner and the color less 
vivid than those exposed to, and cultivated 
in, open air. The. chemical effects produced 
by the combined action of dew and t he sun’s 
rays, produce a bloom that will bear carri¬ 
age better t han one which has been covered 
Partial watering in dry weather is bad, as 
it encourages the formation of fibrous root¬ 
lets near the surface; and if the watering ho 
not faithfully persisted in, the plant receives 
a severe check. Syringe the foliage of the 
dahlia with fine, soft water, after sunset 
each evening, when they have reached an 
upward growth of a foot or more, in the sea¬ 
son devoid of rain. 
Doubtless all are aware that flowers ex¬ 
haust a plant greatly, and on this account a 
large number should not be allowed to bloom 
on one plant; and all should 1m removed ere 
they begin to fade. This will add to the 
beauty of those yet to flower. 
L. D. Snook. 
nature m law* ilesiuncil the main ho<tv of the roots 
should ko, and placed there lit a great expense and 
much labor too, win the roots violate nature's laws 
~ .' M “ pliiOod to an extent 
.- .. -Iti<; the ijrnmul amt 
. , . • • -hilt 1* the ri'iiI <|in>fttlon at. Issue, 
titil the advocate* tor deop plowing and deiqienbii: 
If . . .. ‘W*L:j ease, their system 
.. . ami unions .. 
can make it ;ipponr whk-Ji they Imvo not attempted 
vui, that the material tendency id' the main body of 
the roots of our Held crop* (not u few Blraifcilnir ones) 
is downwards on the cold. wot. subsoil far below, nod 
away from the aeniiil warmth of (lie sun, In connec- 
tIt'ii with the reviving effects of the dews and penile 
rains nod moisture Drought up from below by the 
he.it of (lie aim to the surface before It can evapo¬ 
rate. their system must ho a hopeless one Out vir¬ 
gin soils nrc but rarely four Inches In depth, much of 
them less, except where tlm wash Of the ooiint i v has 
deepened them, mid these have received the. Aei-n. 
nniliiMott of tlio roots and vegetation for many Uiuu- 
.oinda of yours, or since the surface of the earth 
received its present, form. These virgin soils have 
become deepened only as tho plows have gone down 
and mixed the root soils with ihem, and net by the 
I'onls of tho plains penetrating and enriching the 
subsoil. I know bind of the above desarlpllon which 
h is produced thtrty.flve hush.dsof wheat, and straw 
enough ror much more, to (he nerc, one bundled 
bu.diels of corn, arid as much grass as could grow, 
the subsoil of which is loose for several feet- from 
tile surface , hat Hie roots of the above crops, wllli 
many olliers, have never penetrated the subsoil In 
still .dent quantity to change Its color or make It per. 
eopllhlo. I his, to me, is conclusive evidence that 
so far as lo seek tho food there 
to pay tin', istfu I'.riu iisr of pitlrgrVi 
|'/n( lti8 it tture! 'I 
the soli can show tills to lic'Uni 
must, he an utter liillum 
*mrd nil ilny, said, “Como, boys, lot us go to play 
and cut wood.” It scorns lo mo that tho farmers 
w'hcn they pay eight or Ion dollars a mouth, 
think they oaauQt got enough of work oul of 
lho men. Oil hong Island 1 roineinlier the funn- 
ers used (o have the tnen out at four o'clock in 
tho morning, and worked them (ill after dark at 
night; but that time has passed awa.v. 11' a man 
is hired for Ion hours, he has Hie right to stop 
Wimii l hose ten hours are expired. Tho host way 
Is to biro monthly men. 
Club’s Commander—Whatt make them work 
day and night, liy the month? 
Professor of Wit and Humor No, sir; but 
hire them by lhe month Instead of the day, and 
trout Ihenj aa human beings. 
Mr. OuKdonY had worked oul. by the year, and 
his employer believed Unowned him (U.) bodynnd 
soul. He had nil tier bo coaxed than drlvon, uml 
ho believed most farm hands had also. 
Mr. PowkMj of llrooklyn said There aro 
certain forces in society which assert t hemselves 
whether farmers will or no. This labor question 
is going l.o I rouble farmers, it must, lie mot. 
This I’amior'a Club cannot Ignore it, should not; 
if we do, so much tho worse for os. Kurin la¬ 
borers will establish nstandard number of hours 
of labor us in other vocations. This Is and is to 
be a political question. Ir, will bo thrust upon 
•ho farmers of Uni country, and should bo. 
There is a prose side to bum life. And il Is truo 
IUilt the more Ignorant men are, (lie harder and 
longer they will labor; and I rejoice at tho indi¬ 
cations of intelligence which the combination of 
I'unn laborers to sellle upon a standard of labor 
indicates. There need bo no antagonism be- 
twoon the farmer and ills employe on this gub- 
Jeot. Let the hours a, man works tie counted, 
ami let him bo paid for tho number of hours tio 
works, whether they me mere or less than tho 
standard decided upon. If in excess ol' (on 
hours, pay proportionately; if less, pay accord¬ 
ingly. It will lie fair play for both parties. This 
whole quoatlon springs out of tho elevation and 
progress nod dignity of labor in this country, 
mid I rejoice in its significance as indicating tho 
good tima coming to the laborer. 
Tho Professor of Menial, .Moral and Social 
Philosophy had worked upon a farm, laid mend¬ 
ed broken windows for unscrupulous, parsimo¬ 
nious “ < ihrtatians,” bad peddled si raw berries for 
Ids father nu the eo-opemtlvo principle, had 
rodo a sulky cultivator ill a Western corn Held, 
is a member of RKEohku’s church, and believes 
that tho country and society generally is going 
to the il dickens for the want of a hnltor 
Transplanting Garden Plants _Tho editor of 
the Germantown Telegraph says:—“There is no 
mode that we ever tried so effectual in trans¬ 
planting tomato, cabbage, cantaloupe, or any 
other tender plants, from the hot-bed, or from 
one place to another, as to prepare a vessel filled 
with immure water and rich soil, about tho con¬ 
sistency of thin mush, with which the roots of 
the plants should be well coated and sot in a hole 
made with a sharp, round piece of wood or dib¬ 
ble. After being rather firmly planted, moisten 
again with manure water. Wc have never failed 
in any transplanting when done in this way, and 
the trouble is very slight.” 
•.—Wf 
JtrWrkttltttrf 
leaves, and hasten the “ circulation ” from 
below. Fresh sap will thus ho obtained, 
and a healthier activity. 
Keep limbs on tho outside; let there be a 
good circumference. Let it not be a roof so 
much as an undulating surface, open and 
varied. And do not let the limb* get too old; 
renew your orchard several times in its life ; 
y°n thus keep it youthful and vigorous, 
To do all this requires attention. The 
more attent ion, tlic belter paying success_ 
the only paying success that may he relied 
upon with fruit trees. But the man must 
know. He cannot slash away at random- 
rsatssicros 
THE ELM, 
NEW YORK FARMERS’ CLUB 
selected suited to placing in the most con- 
lined or extended positions. Our native 
white elm is, perhaps, the most lofty and 
spreading, yet eminently graceful, of them 
all. It is admirably adapted to the border¬ 
ing of wide avenues, or the park-like grounds 
of wealthy gentlemen’s countiy seats. Under 
the shadow of a fine old elm, many a rude 
country house suggests far more of comfort 
and refinement than tho staling brick house 
whose owner has neither taste nor money to 
expend in planting a tree to decorate it. 
The English elm is not as lofty or spread¬ 
ing as our native white elm, hut otherwise 
has much of its character, and is, therefore, 
more suited to narrow streets, or the grounds 
of comparatively small places. 
The Scotch elm does not attain the size 
of either of the preceding; but it is a rapid 
grower while young, and its head is so finely 
massed and yet so well broken—so upright, 
with its branches drooping at their extremi- 
i rot. tlorxferd'* INiw.ler*.— J. Ji. Tompkins, 
Grand Rapids, Mich., sent, tho Club what its 
Commander characterized as “a general and 
particular condemnation of Professor llous- 
I' Oud'r Veust Powders," on account of their dis¬ 
organizing and deleterious effect, upon tho 
human system. lie urges that the Club examine 
into the mutter, and, if he. is correal, protect Mio 
public. The mat for was referred to n committee. 
Hose King*—Mr. BmrENread a letter, stating 
tlial, air' Inked liino nil led ovor the bushes would 
destroy theso slugs. The President had seen Hie 
English sparrow eat ing worms on his rose bushes. 
Utilizing Corn IIukIi*.-G. It. STACY, Richmond, 
Vu., asked If there was any way known for util¬ 
izing corn husks in the inarm facturo of paper. 
He is manufacturing material for beds from 
husks, and 1 Ho machinery which ho usos in its 
preparation loaves about, thirty-three percent, 
of tho husks in too (Ino a condition for beds. If 
that waste could be saved and used by paper 
man 11 fncturcrs, It, would cheapen both paper 
and husk beds, and increase the' profits of pro¬ 
ducers and manufacturers. With one muchino 
lie has prepared between ouo thousand three 
hundred and ono thousand lour hundred tons 
of bedding material since last October. Expects 
to manured me fifteen hundred tons the present 
year. He pays at tho farm ten dollars per ton 
for the husks, packs them himself, and tho 
farmer delivers them at. tho nearest station at 
that price. Ho buys wherever ho can got tho 
husks, and It, does not cost him more than ono 
dollar per ton to deliver in Richmond, lio has 
sold ono New York house eight hundred tons of 
these prepared husks at. forty-five dollars per 
ton. 
“Flies” on Peach Trees.—JonN W. Stevens 
Cumberland Co., N. J., sends samplos of “flios" 
found upon his poach trees, and asks whether 
there is any danger from them. Tho State En¬ 
tomologist, of Now Jersey says they aro harmless. 
Quince lUossoms. — The distinguished Rlack- 
berry Professor says lie never saw so beautiful a 
show of blossoms and foliage on the quinces as 
this year. Thinks il may bo duo to tho favora¬ 
ble season ; but they are certainly a wonder to 
I lie American Aloe, or Agave Americana,_ 
Tills plant, of which Mr. JIahky has given a 
brief account in your paper, is much more com¬ 
mon in tho South than in the Northern States, 
nearly every garden iticro having specimens in 
it, which remain for years without attention. 
Jt blooms tbero much more frequently than Mr. 
R. supposes. It Is a striking but uninteresting 
object, as it never Changes, winter or summer, 
except t< i grow larger very slowly. One of them 
bloomed in Mobile in 1860, and was exhibited lor 
the benefit of an Orphan Asylum. If I remem¬ 
ber correctly, the stem was said to bo twenty- 
throe feet high, four inches In diameter, and had 
twenty-eight branches, curving symmetrically 
like those of a candelabra, the branchlets con¬ 
taining some 1,400 How rets of a yellow color, not 
at all remarkable, except tor the number. This 
plant died soon after blooming. 
Downing, In his Horticulturist for 1846, re¬ 
ports soeing two in bloom in Now York that 
wore brought from Jamaica. He says that, in a 
congenial climate they flower in ten to twenty 
RENEWING ORCHARDS. 
Pronerving Pine Forest*.—A Michigander road 
a paper to show how tho pine forests might be 
preserved. II. was very practical, inasmuch its 
il. only suggested us a remedy that people cease 
to use pine where anything else could bo sub¬ 
stituted. 
Uciqi vs. shallow Plowing.—This very novel 
subject was introduced by the reading of a let¬ 
ter from that unheurd-ef place, Salem, N.J. The 
letter is written by D.vviu Pettit, who proposes 
in it “to demonstrate to the unprejudiced mind 
♦hat deep plowing, subsoiling, &<•., arc of doubt¬ 
ful utility on all lands susceptible of deep culti¬ 
vation." This is tho way he demonstrates it: 
III C(in stur land, we plow and pulverize tho soil 
after heavy rain fora year cr two years s after Hie 
ne.vr, heavy rain followed by dry weather, the soil 
oooomcs as hard as lie tore, and tills course may tie 
followed for oil" hundred years or any length id' 
time with the same result, provided there i* the same 
amount, of vegetable matter In the roil, if tho soil 
which contains nearly all tlio vcgatahlo matter can¬ 
not retain a stateof pulverization In dry time; or Pe- 
ootries .so stiff that, nu plow with the host loam can 
enter, muon less plow it., run the midm.i! of the com¬ 
position. minus tho vegetable matter, retain it? 
vegetable mat,ter being a good loosener id the soli 
and retainer of moisture, which nobody denies, it. is 
orenaras most, vv c uo not take care prop¬ 
erly of our young trees, and we utterly neg¬ 
lect our old ones. The old trees might be 
made young, and the expense of young 
orchards saved. But even this is neglected. 
It is, however, a matter of ignorance, more 
than heedlessness. The majority of people 
do not know that they can rejuvenate an old 
orchard, even a wretched one, that seems 
past all cure, They can do this, and have it 
bear while they are doing it. Simply en¬ 
courage growing shoots, and remove the old 
ones gradually. You will then not only re¬ 
new the top, but the boll and the roots will 
feel the effect. 
We have thus saved old trees—stubs— 
so that it was a miracle to some,— and we 
formed new tops of the finest, largest, 
healthiest kind, and fruit to correspond; 
and we never attempted a tree but we suc¬ 
ceeded. 
An orchard needs care ; that sums it up. 
It needs care from the day the germ puts 
forth. A tree may bo hurt from its youth 
up, and yet be made to do well in after 
growth, ii the proper attention be given it. 
Keep your fruit trees free from all limbs 
that are of no use; and you may encroach 
a little on the useful ones. Thin whenever 
Yucca Filamcmosa.—Some writer on page 201, 
current volume, says that the leaves of fhe Yuc¬ 
ca JUatmntom are good for grape strings, &o. I 
have to confess that lam hardly wiser for this 
information. I find that Yucca is a genua of 
American plants, familiarly called Adam’s 
Needle. But filximent/isa, which I suppose dis¬ 
tinguishes the particular plant of that, genus, I 
am unable to explain. I would like Information 
as to the familiar name of the plant, if it has 
one, ami where it can be obtained.—n. r.. «. 
The Yuccas are hardy, herbaceous, flowering 
plants, and aro commonly known as “Adam’s 
Needle.” Yucca ftlarneulma grows three to five 
feet high, and Is in bloom next month, bearing 
creamy white blossoms. It can be obtained of 
any first-class nurseryman. 
Care of Apple Tree*. A Western Now York 
correspondent writes “a word about young ap¬ 
ple treesLook out for the borers. Wash tho 
bodies of the trees with strong soap suds; it is 
excellent for them; but never put on gas tar; 
it wifi ruin them.” 
