lain) fntsfotnbm 
X. A. AVILLAKD, A. M., KDITOK, 
Or LiTTMt Falls, Herkimer Countv, New Yobk. 
NORTHWESTERN DAIRYMEN’S 
ASSOCIATION. 
Third Annual Report, with Accompanying 
Papers lor 1809. 
We are in receipt from Dr. R. R. Stone, 
Secretary Northwestern Dairymen’s Asso¬ 
ciation, of the third annual report of the 
Society. It is a thick pamphlet of ninety 
pages, filled with a. large amount of matter 
Useful to dairymen. The Illinois and Wis¬ 
consin Dairymen’s Association was organ¬ 
ized some three years ago and upward, at 
Rockford, Ill., to accommodate those en¬ 
gaged in t he dairy business at the West. A 
large number of people were in attendance 
at the first annual meeting, and the interest 
and attendance have increased at each suc¬ 
cessive meeting. The last annual gathering 
at the city of Elgin in February, 1809, was 
quite as large as, if not larger than, that of 
the American Association at Utica, N. Y., 
calling out some of the most distinguished 
and practical men of the West. The at¬ 
tendance of many persons from (States ad¬ 
joining Illinois and Wisconsin made it 
necessary to enlarge the area of the Society 
as at first marked out, and so at. tins last, an¬ 
nual session the name was changed to the 
Northwestern Dairymen’s Association, and 
the dairy interest of the whole Northwest 
centered in this institution. 
The Society is now a very powerful or¬ 
ganization, and must increase in strength 
and usefulness from year to year. The 
dairymen of the West and Northwest are in 
earnest, and spare no pains and expense to 
obtain information as to the best methods of 
manufacturing the products of the dairy, to¬ 
gether with the best practice in all that per¬ 
tains to dairy management. This spirit is 
pushing the interest at tho West into the 
front rank, and Western dairymen are de¬ 
termined to compete successfully ux every 
branch of tbo business with their Eastern 
brethren. They have already organized an 
Association, which, in point of numbers, in 
attendance at meetings, in enthusiasm and 
Rock, at seventeen and one-fourtli cents. 
The other factories reported give averages 
of about sixteen cents per pound, many of 
them exclusive of boxiug. 
The average price for New York factories 
last year was $15.65 per hundred pounds, 
including boxing. This shows well for the 
West, and makes it evident, as Secretary 
Stone remarks, that upon cheap lands, with 
cheap cows and cheap feed, the profits of 
dairying at the West must be greater than at 
the East. 
As to the quantity of cheese that can be 
made from a cow on good dahy lands at the 
West, the report of W. C. White, Kenosha, 
Wis., is of interest, llo suites that from a 
herd of seventy cows the average amount of 
cheese sold per cow, up to Nov. 1st, 1808, 
was 551 pounds. Then, from 1st November 
to January, 1809, the milk of these cows sold 
for $580. In 1667, Mr. White's cows av¬ 
eraged 575 pounds cheese to the cow. lie 
feeds meal in addition to grass, com fod¬ 
der, &c. 
George W. Conn, Ilcbron, Ill., reports a 
yield in 1866 of 674 pounds cured chceso to 
the cow, as his average from a dairy of thir¬ 
ty-five cows. In 1867 his cows averaged 
556 pounds cheese to the cow, and in 1808, 
an average of 514 pounds. 
Augustus Morgan, Hebron, Ill., in 1807 
got an average of 606 pounds cheese to a 
cow, from a dairy of twenty-six cows. 
These yields will go far to show that some 
parts of Hies West are not so bad for dairying 
as many hero Imagined. 
- » ♦ » -- 
DAIRY STOCKS 
Ou the 1st of June- A Word About the 
Markets. 
We are in receipt, of letters from England 
ducers’ interest, and ollen causes loss to the 
dealer by flooding the markets and not al¬ 
lowing parties to dispose of their purchases 
before now lots come in at lower rates. 
Dairymen should not reftisc to sell at. good 
fair prices. When the demand is brisk and 
prices good, it is always better to let the sur¬ 
plus ho sold and go into consumption than 
to allow it. to accumulate on the sliolvcs in 
the hope of reaching an extra half cent; but 
if the markets happen to he full one week, 
dairymen should not he eager to keep the 
supply crowded to excess by accepting lower 
and lower rates until prices run down, as 
they often do at times, below the cost of pro¬ 
duction. 
There is prospect that every pound of 
cheese will be needed this year, at a good 
living price to the producer, and this should 
bo borne in mind while putting the goods in 
market or contracting sales, 
-- 
CHEESE FACTORY REQUISITES. 
What are the number of rooms necessary In 
a cheese factory building and the essential things 
to be kept in mind? The desideratum in each 
, room ? What tbo machinery and cost ? Wlmt 
vessels, kind and cost per Ballon? If a special 
building lias to bo erected, wlmt is the best am- I 
tdrial to bo used?—J. J- Tiiaxton, Milton, Cas¬ 
well Co., N. C., May, im 
The amount of room required in a fac¬ 
tory will depend upon the quantity of milk 
to he manufactured <ind the appliances used. 
If there is to he only a small number of cows 
from which milk is delivered, tho manufac¬ 
turing room may he fitted up with a self- 
healing vat. 
I. A good eelf-lieating vat holding six 
hundred gallons can be had at from $200 to 
$250. In addition to the vat in tins room, 
tlio machinery required will be a. weighing 
)p0nustk jlrontfmjn 
CONDUCTED by MARY A. E. WAGElt. 
COMFORTS AND CONVENIENCES. 
Ji 
v— 
Substitutes lor Picture Frames. 
Since the foregoing was prepared, we 
have received the following lit appendix, 
with accompanying illustrations, to what we 
have said above. The article and engrav¬ 
ings will explain themselves; 
up to June 1st. A prominent member of can holding from forty to sixty gallons; a \ V.- 
the London Hoard of Trade, and one of the 
best informed persons in England, as regards 
the supply and demon-1 of provisions in 
Great Britain, writes us as follows : 
“ 1 novel- knew such light stocks of all 
sorts of animal food, and notwithstanding 
the high prices, our consumption is very 
good, our population increases rapidly, earn 
more money, and aro more particular in 
what they eat. Though wh have opened 
new markets in South America, Australia 
milk agitator for stirring and cooling the 
evening’s milk; curd knives; curd mill; a 
set of test glasses; lactometers and cream 
gauges; dairy thermometer; whey syphon; 
milk conductor; platform and counter scales, 
and a curd sink on castors. Thorn should 
be a small room loading out of the manufac¬ 
turing room for the chceso presses; and tiio 
number of those will depend on the quantity 
of clieeso made daily. Hoops about four¬ 
teen and one-half inches in diameter will bo 
*■ ■ : 
m 
breadth of its discussion, is not behind the ami New Zealand for beef and mutton, both convenient, size. A curing room may 
American organization. And the report of and fi-esh, (tbo fresh arriving cooked in 
proceedings for I860, now before us, is as fkis and the salt in roles packed in tierces, 
full of useful matter as that of any similar 
organization at tho East, In this respect it 
will compare favorably with any heretofore 
published. Indeed, tin* only fault of the re¬ 
port is in the matter of paper on which it is 
printed, this being altogether too thin and 
poor for a document of value. 
As wo gave an elaborate account of tho 
proceedings at Elgin in the Rural not long 
with the fat melted around to fill up the 
cask, and sells at from 4?,£d. to 7d. per 
pound in the rural districts and low town 
neighborhoods,) even with all this and our 
heavy imports of fresh meats from the Con¬ 
tinent— besides bacon from America and 
Germany—the cry is still, ‘ More, more f 
“ The commercial marines takes nearly all 
American beef, Ilanibro and American pork, 
since, it will not bu necessary to refer to the Tins Royal Navy, Irish and Haiubro pork, 
discussions again. 
In his prefatory notice, Dr. Stone has 
some well timed remarks. lie says:—“ Tho 
manufacture of butter and cheese in tho 
West is undoubtedly in its infancy, for the 
reason that we possess a climate and soil 
well adapted to its production, and markets 
far in advance of our present ability to sup¬ 
ply. When fanners in the State of New 
York can make It pay to manufacture cheeso 
upon land worth from $75 to $150 per acre, 
with cows from $50 to $100 apiece, grain and 
Australian and Scotch preserved beef, and 
make up their own salt, beef. Though wo 
have every prospect of an abundant home- 
occupy tho balance of the space left on the 
lower floor of tho building and others may 
he made in tho second and third stories. 
The curing room or rooms may be in a sep¬ 
arate building if desired. 
IT. "The essential things to lie kept in 
mind" in the building of factories are an 
abundance of pure, cold spring water and 
ample provision, so that, every part of the 
establishment may bo kept, clean and sweet. 
All the rooms should lmve good ventilation. 
III. The factories at the Nort h are usually 
built of wood. At tho South stone or brick, 
with hollow walls, would secure a lower and 
more uniform temperature. For further in¬ 
make of butler and cheese, as also of beef, formation on factories and tho factory sys- 
inutton and pig-food, still as thcro are no 
stocks in the country, and in fact cheese was 
never so short, prices must lie good. Though 
our grain crops, owing to a wet winter, do 
not look promising, still wo look forward to 
enormous supplies of foreign, owing to the 
increased railway communications now in 
progress in Russia and America, and, with 
tern, see Rural of April 17th. 
--- 
The Country Cheese Market.-The Choose mar¬ 
ket at Little Falla for tho week ending: Juno 
l!)th. was quite brisk, but with a slight decline in 
the prices from om-quotations for the week pre¬ 
vious. A bout 1,800boxes farm dairies woro sold 
at prices ranging between Hand lUc, Betweon 
three and four thousand boxo- of factory were 
equal facilities, laud equally good, with one- 
half the cost of cows, Lay and grain in 
abundance, and at far less price, cannot 
make it pay to at least supply our home 
consumption. 
"Largo quantities of cheese have been 
will sell, and at good prices. More particu¬ 
larly now that you have so improved tbo 
quality of your dairy products.” 
With judicious management on the part 
of dairymen, American cheese shotdd bring 
a good price during the season, and wo can 
resliippod the past winter from the city of see no necessity lor any break-down in the 
New York, not only to Ohio but to Chicago, 
to supply tho increasing markets of tbo 
Northwest. And it has been a patent fact 
that the price of cheese has been much 
higher during t ho whole of the past season 
in the West than it has been in New York 
Btate, and perhaps in New York City. One 
shipper in Chicago has just informed mo 
that ho had received at one shipment over 
70,000 pounds direct from New York City, 
at a cost of over $14,000, on which his pro¬ 
fits will be over $2,800. This ought not to 
be. An agricultural district with tho ability 
and enterprise of which wo so much boast 
in the West, should be at least able to sup¬ 
ply her own markets with so necessary an 
article as butter and cheese.” 
The completion of tho Pacific road, and 
tho tide of emigration flowing into the West, 
must give a good market, for dairy products 
in that direction for years, and it is doubtful 
whether the West, for some time to come, 
will be able to supply the demand. But as 
market. Dairymen will bear in mind that 
tlie stock of old cheese in our own markets 
last spring was exceedingly light, and hence 
an extra quantity of cheese is needed for 
our own consumption. This is shown by 
the exports of cheese during the month of 
May, which were 25,000 boxes short of what 
they were during the same time last year. 
Tho product this year, owing to the high 
prices, has been shipped off closer than ever 
before. The fodder cheese is now disposed 
of, and factories have upon their shelves 
choice grades, full of meat, and grass fla¬ 
vored. No one need ho told that, such 
cheese is much more valuable for consump¬ 
tion than the fodder make, and, with no 
samples of fodder make in the markets, the 
consumption of grass cheeso begins under 
the most favorable auspices. Much depends 
upon the factories whether prices am to bo 
sustained. 
Cheese should not be. pushed forward be¬ 
fore it is properly cured. This is often done, 
Ilill, Pulatlno, me.; A. Smith & Co., 10*je.; 
Snell’s Hush, 204ft).; Manheim Center. 20c.; Old 
Fairfield, 20l|o.; FaitUeld Association, 20c.; Mid- 
dlovillo, 30c.; Avery & Ives, 20.Ke,; Itcan, 19;-ft\; 
Zimmerman Creek, lOjAc.; Top Notch, Kiqo.; 
St. Johnsvlllo. Hike,; Snell's Bush, lftjfc.; Van 
Hornsville, lOqe.; Manheim, lOh'c.; Brocket’s 
Hridgo, 19c.; Coolt & Ives, 20c.; Dairy Hill, 19,Vc.; 
La Durville, 19?,ie-; Turnpike Association, 20c.; 
Crum Crock, Dc.: Looust Grove, 19c.j Mohawk 
Valley, 19.k,e.; Nichols, 19^e.; Herkimer, 20o.; 
Drooktnan’s Corners, lDVc.; fro, 19’ k c. 
Tho following from Otsego Co. wore sold: 
II. & 8. Smith,20o.; Taylor & Son, .‘.’be.; Uurlitig- 
tfin Green, 20>oC.;L.D. Johnson, 201ft),; D. Davis, 
20Mc.; II. J. Hakcr, 20&C.: Curtis 20e.; Angel 
20.’j o. In Madison Co. we have reports from Len¬ 
nox, 20o.; Bushnoll, TJc.; Klrkvllle, 20e. 
A large number of dcalex-3 woro on tho 
grounds this week, and quite a number of prom¬ 
inent factory men from tho oentrut counties of 
tho State. Wo presume tho prices paid this 
week at Little Fulls arc tho highest, figures that 
have been reached by any county sales In tho 
State. The weather has been moist, and feed is 
most abundant. Cows aro now yielding their 
best, and a good average product, is being mado. 
No butter of any account in market this week, 
and honoo we do not til tor our quotations from 
our previous report. 
- »♦»■ 
Kicking Cows.—In Ids book on American Cat¬ 
tle, Mr, Allen says that ho has milked valuable 
cows addicted to kicking, by taking t he Iron for¬ 
ceps used for holding cattle by tho nostrils, and 
tying them by a repo or strap to a beam over¬ 
head, and drawing uptheir noses at an elevation. 
Dr. Stone infers, opportunity is offered for and it always lias a damaging effect on tho ami there securing them while they aro milked. 
_ A* . .. . . - J ° ° I__ I,. i . 4a. .11. 
Western farmers to realize good profits by 
entering upon this branch of farming. 
In looking over the factory returns, it 
appears that the highest average price re¬ 
ceived for cheese at Western factories was as 
follows: — Wilder’s factory, Evansville, 
Wis., twenty cents; Rice & Co., Whitewater, 
Wis., twenty cents; Isaac Hotch of Little 
trade, breaking prices. And when the mar¬ 
ket has been once lowered, it is very bard to 
regain the old standpoint. Wo caution 
dairymen against panic. There is scarcely a 
season but that at some particular time a 
panic occurs among producers, and factories 
push off their goods at any price they can 
get. Tills works disastrously on the pro- 
Milkers should not have long, sharp finger nails. 
These aro a fruitful source of kicking cows. 
-♦■*-*- 
Sore Tenta In Cows.—Mr. II. Rounds, Chcpa- 
chet It. I., recoinmonds, in tho New England 
Farmer, ui a sulva for sore teats on cows, one 
pound of the bitter sweet or yellow root, sim¬ 
mered fifteen minutes in half a pound of lard 
and applied twice a day, after being strained and 
cooled. 
I hero present a few designs of substitutes 
for frames, to bo made by cutting them out 
of walnut, oak, maple or pine boards, which 
any ingenious person, handy with tools, can 
do. By pasting on engravings, or other pic¬ 
tures, then varnishing tho whole surface, a 
pretty, unique, and tasty effect is produced 
at less cost than framing, and with no glass 
to break. 
They are especially usoful in halls, and 
rooms wheru the picture should hang snug 
to tho wall, or where frames would he likely 
to receive injury. w. h. 
—---«M-«- 
TALK OF CORRESPONDENTS. 
A. M., tho. originator of the Sunday Din¬ 
ner discussions, writes that, the " men folks” 
at her home cannot bo wheedled into ac¬ 
cepting warmed up dishes in lion of freshly 
cooked ones. She says when she "keeps 
house,” she shall never do as her mother 1ms 
done. She thinks Lucy Lame and J. R. S, 
wrote very sensibly on the subject, but, thinks 
they are " too much on the men’s side," and 
closes her letter as follows: — “ You say you 
think most men can bo led to think as their 
wives do. Now, eo far as my knowledge 
goes, this leading men is pretty much like 
leading mules. I think wives are very apt 
to try to please their husbands, and when 
Charley or George puts up his mouth and 
says, ‘ You don’t get such good Sunday din¬ 
ners as mother used to,’ what young wife 
will not. try still harder to please? People 
talk and write a great deal about the influ¬ 
ence a young wife lias over her husband, but 
I think tho influence is very often on the 
other side.” 
Very often, no doubt It is rare that the 
influence of one over the other is equally felt. 
But we think any woman who slaves all day 
Sunday for tho sake of stuffing stomachs 
with extra good tilings, is undoubtedly as 
well employed as her capabilities will admit 
of her being. A woman of tense and judg¬ 
ment will not do it, and she will manage to 
"keep peace,” too. And any man who 
growls at the lack of an extra Sunday Din¬ 
ner ought to cook his own for a month and 
sec how he likes it. 
One A. O. M. writes that she has had 
twenty-eight years experience in housekeep¬ 
ing, and she never yet cooked an extra Sun¬ 
day dinner, and her husband and children 
are always perfectly satisfied. She always 
attends church, Sabbath school and evening 
prayer meeting with her family on Sunday, 
has reared eight stalwart sons, always finds 
time to read, and the secret of her success 
lies in having every one about her wait on 
himself and bo orderly. 
A. L. II., of Hudson, Mich., gives a few 
hints on arranging the table, which are very 
good, hut not needed at, this time. Of nap¬ 
kins, she says, " The only way I ever saw 
them used was to see them lie neatly folded 
by each plate throughout the meal.” That 
must have been out of regard to the wash¬ 
woman. 
L. D. Snook portrays in an eloquent 
manner the improvement made upon furni¬ 
ture by the judicious use of varnish, and 
gives the following recipe for preparing a 
Cheap Varnish.—Put a quantity of /min shel¬ 
lac In a bottle containing alcohol enough to 
cover it; cork tight, and set near the stove or In 
the sunshine, ns the heat aids solution. Shako 
occasionally. If not dissolved iu tlireo days, 
add more alcohol. This varnish can be made for 
three dollars per gallon, ns good ns that, costing 
from Uvo to seven dollars. Ho also cautions 
peoplo against employing traveling “vuruish- 
ers,” hinting at kleptomania. 
--- 
Rhubarb l*ic».—I suppose pies are not to bo 
eschewed altogether; though I am a warm adv o¬ 
cate of more fruit anil less pastry, and practice 
vvliat 1 preach us far us practicable and possible. 
I don’t, see how farmers' wives can help but 
know that the lard and butter used in making 
pastry. If sold, would Indulge, their families tu a 
judicious use of foreign and tropical fruits, to 
tho taste, and even a knowledge of which, I find 
many of our farmers strangers, t four it. will bo 
hard ter some t o make their inoti-follW believe 
the apples batter as they are than in a pie or 
dumpling. So please do not say that the wnwen 
arose prone to go on in the sntuo old beaten 
path; mid please don’t think me impertinent. 
I have Just ootne up from my kitchen wltoro 
I have been making rhiibnrb pies, and sosnoowss- 
fully that I wi-h every liou-ekeeper knew uiy 
mod ns operand f, and, feeling assured they do 
not, have resolved to send my method to tho 
Rural, having had much help from Umtseuroo 
since my housekeeping era. 
l’eel and stew the rhubarb In a ? little water as 
possible; sweeten to taste, and ltd it get untiedy 
cohl before used; then they Will not “ boil out,” 
whioh is the complaint, of so many cooks. I also 
uso it. for tarts and puddings.- Mary, Oranye 
county, N. Y. 
- «♦«-— 
Making White Veal.- Tho Massachusetts So¬ 
ciety Tor the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals 
recently announced the following: -“ It Is pretty 
generally known that we gave notice to tlio 
butchers of calves that after March 80th wo 
should endeavor to Stop the cruel practice of 
bleeding calves to make thn vi'ul white. Rut. wo 
desire to prosecute as little as possible, and wo 
bog to ask all housekeepers to refuse t<> buy white 
veal! It,has been proved to be less nutritious, 
less healthful. Will you not, then, help to check 
Hits sutToring, by saying to your butcher or pro¬ 
vision doalor, * firing mo no veal, except it luia 
its natural color. Ido not cure to feel that to 
gratify my c-yos a calf slmll have suffered days 
of faintness from loss of blood. Ilis system has 
bocomo favored And diseased by want of lead 
from inability to cat., and the richness of tho 
moat decreased merely that it rlmll look well m 
.vour stall or my table.’ Ladies, thi3 is your 
province. Help us.” 
>11 hm Column niul Grnlmm Flour. — T wish to 
say that wo aro greatly interested ill the Domes¬ 
tic Economy Department, and read the articles 
therein with groat avidity, especially Miss Col- 
M a ft’s loot tires. Wo hope-she will be able to hn- 
[ press tho importance of plain liv ing upon tho 
minds of t he people so they will take heed. Wo 
know from twenty years’ experience that.every 
word she says Is true. Having ’’proved all 
tilings,” and suffered various ids that llcsh is 
heir to, aud seen our neighbors sulfur from eat¬ 
ing and drinking improperly, wouroprepared to 
hail with joy every iirtlolo which may in any 
way stimulate os to banish eo much unhealthy 
cookery from our tablOu. I'lease lei, us liavo 
moro Ornlinni recipes, for that is the only kind 
of Hour fit to b« eaten. Long life to Mias Col- 
man.— A Subscriber, IVcMcltrsttr Co., N. Y. 
-—— _ 
Washing Day. In tlio Rural of April 10th, 
Mrs. A. G- Hunter says:—” I can arise at. five 
o’oloek A. M. aud have my washing, also break- 
fust and dishes, out of tho way by nlno o’clock 
A. M.” Will she be kind enough to explain, for 
tho benefit of those less favored, how sho man¬ 
ages to accomplish all thin in so short, it Hum? 
My family consists of four myself, husband 
and two small children. I cannot possibly get 
my washing out before noon, and It is often two 
o'clock before all is done dinner dishes, mop¬ 
ping, &c. 
Red Ants. Can any one tell mo how 1 can get 
rid of nnts? My house Is Infested with littlo rod 
ants (not much larger than a pin-head) from cel¬ 
lar to garret, getting Into milk, butter, lard, &c. 
They mako their appearance in June, ami do 
not generally leave until the first of Septem¬ 
ber.— 0 . K. 4. 
-H*-— 
Glycerine Lotion.—Take one third part of al¬ 
cohol, two-thirds part of glycerine, and a small 
piece of borax; dissolve the borax In tho alco¬ 
hol, add tho glycerine, scent with citron cl la, or 
any perfumery liked. This is an excellent 
lotion for tin- face and hands ; rub them with it 
at night. Persona afflicted with the salt .rheum 
will find this lotion an excellent remedy for 
that dGoase. 
Cooking Guinea Fowls, ts the flesh of tho 
Guinea fowl good for tlm table, and, If so, how 
should it be cooked? — Mrs. 8. L. Murdock, 
DansvUlc, N. Y. 
Guinea fowls are as eatable as the domestics 
duck, taste like it and aro cooked like it. 
-*♦«- 
Dugs and Cnckroachcu.—The Journal of Chem¬ 
istry publishes this remedy for water bugs 
and cockroaches:—"Boll one ounce of poke- 
root In one pint of water until tho strength is 
extracted; mix the decoction with molasses and 
spread it on plates In the kitchen orot her apart¬ 
ments which aro Infested by these insects. All 
that have partaken of this luxury during tho 
night will bo found ‘organic remains * the iioxt 
morning.” _ 
Lemon Extract.—Will somo one please giro 
recipe for making lemon extract, tor flavoring ? 
—Mrs. J. O. Johnson. 
Some housekeepers put rinds and bits of lemon 
in a wide-mouthed bottle partly filled with 
alcohol. 
-m-- 
Cleaning Ntove Pipes. -Never apply soapy or 
greasy water, or blacking, to a stove pipe. When 
the pipe is but littlo warm, take a cloth, with 
sand and cold water, rub off all the soiled spots, 
then polisli with u clean, dry cloth. 
indigo Paste.—Will William .Viiarton tell 
u.s what lie moans by Indigo paste (our druggists 
cannot.) in his reeipo for coloring green, in tho 
Rural of May lflth,current volume?—11. II. H., 
Ferry Centre , N. Y. 
House Files.—A correspondent asks our read¬ 
ers to give the best method of destroying houso 
flics. 
