H?J,r tho arf ' aT,<l feeding of domestic nnlmnls. for 
i«?ii2?£ e .*u m,,st by , at ''ertftW hours of tlio ditv— 
earn m the morning,at noon, and ;ii night. Suppose 
^ H„„?^i s . ature “P uc * 11 law that ton liours constitute 
a day s labor on the tarni, it amounts to nothing. It 
does not prevent mo from hiring a man to work all 
day instead of ten hours ; neither will r affect tlie 
price of labor one lota, The prion of labor, like that 
of any Other marketable product, is regulated by the 
law of supply and demand. Legislation will hurt no 
one, and benefit, no one. Mr. Powell Is reported ns 
desiring a fixed standard for u given numberot hours 
labor; for instance, two dollars for nine hours. Vine 
hours’labor may be worth two dollars: in another 
three; in another, one. Thn priced labor In the 
same, locality vanes with tho seasons, and fluctuates 
like any other market value. Again, there is every 
degree of capacity and aptitude in the laborer. Oue 
icifh o worth titty cents n day morn than another. 
Establish a uniform price, ami you defraud this man 
laborers In this country 
?* 'lo IT '1 1>: ! 1 ^ 1 50 ,llr as ] have observed. 
^5* pH’oivo. Tho labor movu- 
P G iV' is inaugurated by a class of politicians, aud not 
by those for whose benefit it is claimed. 
[While it may not make any difference as to 
the number of hours it farm laborer works per 
day, nor as to tho price of his labor, the number 
of hours which constitute a legal day’s work on 
tho farm ought to be fixed by law, so that a 
farmer may know Just what lie 1ms a right to 
isntsstans 
Plate Watche 
A record of the watche* produced at the Waltham 
Manufactory may not be improperly prefaced with a 
brief mention of the considerations which induce us 
to press them upou the attention of intelligent watch 
buyers. 
NEW YORK FARMERS’ CLUB, 
We continue our notes on the sayings and 
doings of this distinguished body of scientific 
agriculturists. 
Composting Muck.— John Brown, Peru, N.Y., 
asks if it will pay to dig and haul muck a half 
mile, compost it with stable and barn-yard ma¬ 
nure, and then haul it, in the shape of compost, 
back to within twenty rods of the original bed 
and apply it to sandy soil. A good deal of talk 
resulted from this inquiry, the substance of 
which was that it would pay to do it, rather than 
apply it direct to the soil without composting. 
Some farmers haul muck three milos for this 
purpose, and find it to pay. Stables are kept 
sweet by Its use as an absorbent, and tho value 
of stable manure is greatly enhanced by litter¬ 
ing tho stables where tho droppings fall, with it; 
also the privy vaults, and distributing it through 
tho hnrn~yard. If the fresh muck is used in 
composting, it is better to let the compost Ho a 
fow mouths before applying it to the soil. One 
gentleman recommended the use of loam, jn tke 
abscnco of muck; and in tho absence of loam, 
use clay as au absorbent. It will pay to do so. 
Southern Missouri.—Mr. Logan urges the ad¬ 
vantages of Southern Missouri as a place for 
settlers. Lands can be obtained at Jo per acre, 
with school-house, church, &c., on every sec- 
Fiftcon years’ successful experience justifies us in 
claiming for tho Waltham Watches peculiarities of 
excellence which place them above all foreign rivalry. 
Tim system which governs thotr construction is their 
most obvious source of merit. Tho substitution of 
machinery for hand labor has been followed not 
only by greater simplicity, but by a precision in de¬ 
tail,and accuracy and uniformity In their time-keep¬ 
ing qualities, which by the old methods of manufac¬ 
ture are unattainable. 
home n: i rejt ca 
The application of machinery to watch-making 
has, in fact, wrought a revolution in tho main feat¬ 
ures of tho business. In conjunction with enlarged 
power of production, it has enabled us to secure the 
smoothness and certainty of movement which pro¬ 
ceed from the perfect adaptation of every piece to 
Us place. Instead of a feeble, sluggish, variable ac¬ 
tion, the balance, even under tho pressure of the 
lightest main-spring, vibratos with a wide and free 
motion. Tho several grades of watches have more 
than n general resemblance, each to Us pattern; they 
are perfect tn their uniformity, and may he bought 
and sold with entire confidence as to the qualities we 
assign to them. 
liiuor no must give for bis wages. Wc know 
manufacturers who run their machinery night 
and day, and whose employes work upon the 
eight and ton hour systems—three sets of hands 
being employed in the ease, where the eight hour 
system is adopted. We cannot sec that it will 
embarrass tho former at all to have such stand 
ard fixed. On the contrary, it will aid him in 
his labor stipulations, because it. will prevent 
any possible misunderstanding. Ho cun hire 
men to work as many hours as they may choose, 
and find it proiltatde, to labor. And with n day's 
work thus defined, it wUl enublo flic farmer to 
attract from the shops a class of men who now 
prefer contract, and shop work becauso the day's 
work there moans a definite number of hours of 
labor.—Bus. Rural. 
Dr. Trimble regards tho subject oil humbug, 
and ii. reminds him of a speech of a legislator 
who, when a certain bill came up, said he should 
vote for It because it was popular, but It. was all 
humbug. Mr. Cava.vagi: agrees with tlio writer 
of the letter so far ns It refers to tho inDucnco 
.Y?33 0.o'33 
Our watches are now so favorably known, and their 
value as accurate time-keepers so freely acknowl¬ 
edged everywhere, that to publish certificates from 
individual wearers would be superfluous. 
From the great abundance of testimony in tholr 
favor, we select only those of a gcnerul character. 
These general claims to superiority are no longer 
contested. j\ n Knglish watchmaker, in a recent lec¬ 
ture before the ftorologteal Institute of London, de¬ 
scribing the rosult of two months’ close observation 
at tho various manufactories In the. United States, 
remarks in reference to Waltham:-”On leaving the 
factory, I felt that the manufacture of watches on 
tho old plan was gono.” Other foreign makers, somo 
of them eminent, nave publicly borne tho same tes¬ 
timony. They admit that tho results aimed at in 
Europo by slow and costly processes tiro here real¬ 
ized with greater certainty, with an almost absolute 
uniformity, and nt a cost which more than compen¬ 
sates for the difference between manna! labor in the 
Old World and the New. 
vsW 
r'ftjtiV' 
Pennsylvania Itnilrond Co. 
Office of the Or.\r.itAr. St i■ i:i< intendent ) 
Altuna, Pa., 15th One., IWKI. \ 
CKNTtEMRN : Tho watches manufactured by you 
have been in use on (Ids Italli.m.l for severe! years 
by our engine men, to whom wo furnish watches as a 
pin t of our equipment. There lire some 77m ,• lluu- 
°!!, r bin.'. Iind tv« consider 
them Good and Hitiqme /'nti(<-/,Y,prior. Indited I 
have groat satisfaction In snyltlg pour 1 Fate /os nine 
11.1 tesx trouble, amt have worn and do wear much 
longer without repairs than any watches we tmvo 
ever hud in use on tills road. A:, you are aware wo 
form Orly trusted to those or English manufacture, 
ol acknowledged pood reputation, tint, fto a class, 
they never keep time o» correctly uor have they dono 
as good service us yottrs. 
In these statements I am sustiilned by my prede¬ 
cessor, Mr. Lewis, whoso experience extended over a 
series of years. 
Respectfully, EDWARD II. WILLIAMS, 
. . General Superintendent. 
American Watch Company, Waltlium. 
.W2Z0J93 
1 no o- l riato w atci.cs are by fur the best, watches 
made In tho United States, and unsurpassed any¬ 
where for beauty, finish, or fine time-keeping qualities. 
In this country tho manufacture of those fine grade 
watches is not even attempted, except at Waltham. 
These watches arc now made to wind at the stem. 
.tv iwao.u ror uio vvaitnam watches more 
than a general superiority. Thetr advantages, in 
respect of quality and price, over English and Swiss 
watches, are uot more marked than are tholr advant¬ 
ages over the products of other American manufac¬ 
tories. These are positive in their character, and 
arc tho natural consequences of the precedence we 
acquired In the trade, and the proportions to which 
our manufactory has attained, No Industrial law is 
better established than that which cheapens the cost 
of an article in proportion to the magnitude of its 
production. The extent of our oetubllshmont—tho 
combination of skilled labor on an extensive scale, 
with machinery perfect nnd umple-euables us to 
offer watches at lower rates (Imp moso of any other 
manufacturer. Tho aggregate of profit is the end 
kept in view—not the profit on any single watch. 
And, acting on this principle, with reduced cost 
of production and an ever-widening demand, our 
watches arc offered at prices Considerably below the 
watchc3 of other American makers, comparing qual¬ 
ity with quality. Our annual manufacture is double 
that of all other makers in this country combined, 
and much larger than tho entire manufacture of 
England. 
New YoiltTrnirnl Itnllroiul. 
Locomotive urp’T WiisTBrtyt Division.) 
Rot 1U.STKU, Dec,iwjii. { 
genteemkv. rhave no hcsltailim In saying that I 
believe the great majority of ineomotl vn engineer* 
have found by experience that. T Vultlwm Watches are 
the most sattefnetoru i<f any for their use. Tliev ran 
until the greatest a ex: It meg anil nlrwtmrss, notwith¬ 
standing tho rough rifling nf an engine; and, as I 
nave vevic known one In wear out , tbev inuM lie 
durable. I hope to see the Ume when railway eom- 
eanleti will generally adopt your watches, and Inru¬ 
sh them 1 1 .all engineers and conductors. In my opin¬ 
ion it. would greatly tend to promote regularity and 
safety. Yours ryspertf nil v. 
r CHARLES WILSON, 
G. Chief Engineer, Brotherhood ot Locomotive 
VO-Art o'V 
, tmvn i* now, has only about twenty houses as 
ret, but last year wo built a Him store, also a court- 
es > T? a i,'r, ll n'^ 8 r -I 3 . 0 kouse. Good upland homesteads 
5f n 10 ^ad within two milos of tho county seat,, but 
they are going last, now settlers arriving every 
. K,,t * r,, " [ lHjUl,rn lands, with water and 
timber, you must go ninety-four or ninety-five miles 
?™ , _ n town- VVe have good soil, good water, and tha 
aSu 1 ‘Mtiulldlnn; stone. Our winter* art- mild and 
wjth very HitIo snow, and many herds, of stock 
theV'JIr l h % y f ar r '?“ nfl without any feed except wi.ut 
Wo hurts u nationixi 
minister w ith regular preaching, and an interesting 
Sunday school of fifty scholars; miertsung 
M ire Fence, A. Tagoart, Mina, N. Y„ asks 
whore ho can obtain wire for wire fence. Mr. 
Carpenter says men who have used wire are 
abandoning- Its uso where it. has been used for in¬ 
closures Tor horses and cattle. Animals have been 
seriously injured by it Jn some localities. [It is 
used on half walls successfully. And we doubt 
if the injury/o animals from its use ia one per 
cent, of the injury which results to farmers 
from fcmces over whleh a breachy animal may 
go at will. An animal will never bo injurod by 
it but once; and if woll made, next to a good 
hedge. It is the cheapest and best fonco wo know 
of.—E ds. Rural.] 
Middle-Mcm- Chas. W. Kenney, Sunenbury, 
\ t., asks how farmers may eseapo middle-men 
who operate between the producer and con¬ 
sumer, nnd make more profits from the far¬ 
mer's products before they reach the consumer 
than the fanner realizes from all his labor in then- 
production. Consumers oi beef, for instance, 
pay more than double lor it than the producer 
l-eeac-s. lie thinks that by a combination of 
effort thc-ac- middle-men may be compelled to 
enter some legitimate business; but he does not 
clearly see how. A gentleman who was some 
time ago reported to have an interest in a new 
refrigerator hopes that so far as beef is con¬ 
cerned, that refrigerator cars will do away with 
middle-men. It is proposed to kill beeves in the 
est, aad transport tho meat perfectly fresh, 
and in good condition, to market, without, heat¬ 
ing, crowding, aiul starving the animals in the 
stock cars. Another gentleman said, a ship ia 
about to leave New York for tho const of Texas, 
fitted up with machinery for manufacturing ice 
cm board The ship, and for storing carcasses of 
lcxus cattle, and preserving them by means of 
cool dry air, J n perfect condition for market. If 
Buccessf ul, as anticipated, such meats ought to be 
orded hero at twelve cents per pound. The 
S-'-l offered 1,000 head per week of 
xas cuttle, in good flesh, warranted to weigh 
and flfty to onc indeed and sixty 
pounds per quarter, at *15 per head, lie said 
that any one who knew how cattle were treated 
ImnVT™ h ' Cn norUl trough Kansas, and 
the P mMl C of t0 , raarJiet ' cm route, would not eat 
wT, rn h UCU Cattle if lhey knew u - Tc * as 
ue ; f Up ? n ' -^Uite grass" is very 
priiri 0L ?L f,,ttonn,i u l J «“ tho common 
£ : ’n ?t 1 eS T Ol “ S ‘ d0 t,lc “ Mczquite" country 
ts mm/f C> ‘hi*“ Mozquite” grass takes 
which id „ a l 3U3h of " nit '‘fi'fic, among ' 
is th n it If.T 3 °- nly STU " rs ‘ Ils characteristio 
S e.n! tlCtaJnS ite ■ u » h "l«i matter. lire- ! 
dryR^n ? COra . m T foxtuiU onJy ^‘at when 
cn> it js not woodv. hut full ct . 
R. E. Roimt.VS, Treasurer American Watch Co.: 
Dear Sir : I have, at thn suggestion., of a number 
or persons, made a thorough examination of the plan 
oi construction adopted by your Company in tho 
manula<-turo of watonos, and luivn no hesitation in 
pronounctue it to ho r. 1 1 ..pK*. scientific and eminently 
practical. H wtuild he very renuirkahlo if any single 
watch made on this plan should tall to be an accu¬ 
rately performing lime-keeper. I would about as 
soon expect to see the sun limitc u hulkas to sec one 
Of your American Watches do so. 
Very respectfully, 
„ ^ , NORMAN VVI ARD, 
Mechanical Engineer and practical Machinist. 
...O wjuuiuuns wnicn make this cheapness possi¬ 
ble tiro also favorable to tho excellence of our work. 
Our artisans long ago ceased to he novices. Timo 
and effort, under a superintendence which combines 
the subtleties of science with the strength of practi¬ 
cal skill, have produced it body of artisans whose 
efficiency is for the time pre-eminent. Wo have the 
best workers in every department that are available 
—workers whoso expert ness and experience would 
be alone sufficient to secure for Waltham Its high 
position. Among other tributary .muses, may be 
stated the readiness with which each succeeding in¬ 
vention and Improvement has been tested, and if 
approved,adopted. Wearoalways ready to examine 
whatever experience, or art, or skill, may imggest, 
but we adopt nothing until experiments ha ve demon¬ 
strated its excellence. In pursuance of this rule, we 
have brought to our aid all the mechanical improve¬ 
ments and vail able inventions of the last fifteen 
years, whether home or foreign in thetr origin. Wo 
have Unis acquired the cxclusivo possession of the 
best and most valuable improvements now known In 
connection with watch-making, and secured for the 
Waltham factory a force and completeness not shared 
Full Plate Watches. 
■/’’// JSIJ t *// 
ana maize ft dint m cut when in full hi firm. .*.,,1 
properly cured, without hh-aehli, ' o.. . 1 
se<welling in thn Bun, or aw. at.fug Arheatini mVhA 
The Professor of Chemistry said that its plants 
approach the blossoming period they aro full of 
saccharine and starchy matter; as the seeds de- 
ve op the plant becomes woody and of less 
value, •’ceuu.'e it. affords le.-%=s nutrition. It Inis 
been settled by analysis that the develonment 
of seed exhausts tho soil of phosphoric ucld, 
which is not required in the plant to make good 
hay of it; honcc if grass IS cut when in blos¬ 
som the crop floes not exhaust the soil of phos¬ 
phoric acid, and is yet more valuable for fom-m 
Westchester u, ac , t Cap Hwpberry.-A portion 
of a plant and a box of thelruitof thjs new 
.’ waae -Ahibitod, and It was claimed for 
it that it is at least live days earlier than the 
“ Wo have lind one of th'. works of thisCnmpanvin 
a cose for sonic considerable time, and, comparing 
them with former tlrst-elass works of different manu- 
fncture possessed by us, they have established, in our 
opinion, their superiority over nnvever introduced 
lor eorrectnoM ua time-piocca .’’—itew York World. 
‘ T he Amorienn VVutch him some obvious advan¬ 
tages. It is erinupee by first ermfc tbttn foreign com¬ 
petitors; ir is simider; it contains less than half us 
many pieces, nnd .-very new piece Involves a new 
ltat.iltty to break ; it is easier of repair; besides the 
higher grades urn warranted perpetually against nil 
mishaps arising from any defector weakness; and it 
bids fair to he more durable. Ilut, how does it keep 
tilin'? That.after all, is the nnlv question. Iikmic- 
c.-ss must fie i,he beat answer. The eharaeter of a 
watch Is self revealing. This, on Its intrinsic inorlts. 
had to fight old prejudice, trade eumhlnutlons, es¬ 
tablished reputation*. In ten years It has driven out 
oi our market the lurelgn watches which were our 
•Staple Importation. After careful testing, it has 
been adooted ns the standard on tho Pennsylvania 
Central, New Vork Central, and utitcr leading rail¬ 
ways, whom correct time loan absolute neen* 
Tin- demand lor it lias steadily Increased. At tho 
W ilthtiru faetory oue may read its history. Here a 
whig, there another, beyond a third, added year by 
year to meet tho growing want. The business has 
a town so rapidly that Dow the company imua.taet.iro 
SJ.nOO watPhpx annually. It turns out n. complete 
watch every two-uud-u-nnlf minute&nl i he working 
day! Tho single factory in Massachusetts, under 
one roof and supervision, produced more watches 
annually than all the watch -makera of old England 
combined.”—Ne w York Tribune. 
Buyers should remember that one of the % 
plate watches, also, beam thia trade mark. 
Tho various styles of these watches have under¬ 
gone the severest trials in the service of Railway 
Engineers, Conductors and Expressmen, the most 
exacting class of watch wearers, and the presence of 
over i0J;00O Waltham Watches in the pockets of tho 
people is tho best proof of the public approval, and 
must be accepted as conclusive of their superiority 
by discriminating watch buyers, especially so since 
the important matter of prtfio is also very greatly 
In their favor, being at least twenty-fire per cent, 
cheaper, quality for quality, than those made else¬ 
where in tho United States. As It would be Impossi¬ 
ble to describe the peculiarities of each stylo in the 
space allotted for that purpose, buyers are referred 
to respectable dealers throughout thn country, who 
will cheerfully furnish all necessary information 
both an to the different grades and tholr respective 
prices. Tho accompanying illustrations show the 
upper plates, sizes and trade-marks of the different 
styles of our manufacture, and furnish the best pos¬ 
sible security against the sale of worthless imitations 
of our watches, under tho name of the genuine, in 
many cases t he spurious watches havo similar trade¬ 
marks, varglno the spelling slightly, but such eases can¬ 
not deceive buyers who compare trade-marks with 
Loose furnished In this advertisement. 
“The beauty, the preclxlon, the greater cheapness, 
tile uniform excellence of the watch, constructed by 
machinery so exquisite that the mere spectacle of 
Its operation is poetic, gradually give the Waltham 
Watches a public prefereneo which ahull not he de¬ 
ceived.”— Uurpcr'x Weekly. 
AS THESE WATCHES ARE FOR SALE BY ALL 
RESPECTABLE JEWELERS, THE COMPANY 
DECLINE ALL ORDERS FOR SINGLE 
WATCHES. 
For facts and ail other Information, address 
ROBBINS A APPLETON, 
GENERAL AGENTS, 
No. 182 Itroadway, Now York 
