It will be very easy to determine whether 
a back-band is liable to Injure the animal’s 
buck by observing, when he draws, whether 
the portion of the harness directly above the 
back is drawn down forcibly or is lifted clear 
from the back. A wound ou the buck i f a 
horse is frequently irritated so long by the 
rough harness that it becomes almost incur¬ 
able. A fresh wound, if not kept bleeding 
by the rubbing of the harness, will heal in 
two or three weeks iu warm weather with¬ 
out any other medicine than soap-suds. But 
an old wound that has tried to heal after tho 
scab has been rubbed off several times, re¬ 
quires an application of burnt alum, pulver¬ 
ized, to cleanse it of the “ proud flesh.” Tho 
best remedy is a preventative. 
The driver is the one on whom the blame 
should rest, for allowing a horse to have a 
sore back. If the harness is not right, let it 
be made right before a horse is required to 
work in it. It. is barbarous to work an ani¬ 
mal in a harness that will gall tho flesh. 
Better cut an old collar and harness into 
fragments, and bury the pieces beneath a 
grape Vim 
Sheep Shearing.— Shearing Is unusually Into 
ia Central New York, this spring, owing to the 
almost continuous wet weather of June. This 
long kept the streams too cold for washing, and 
there has not at tho time of this writing (July 
3dJ been sufficient dry weather to dry the fleeces 
or Merino sheep. This will have a tendency to 
render tho clip light, as there will bo less than 
tho usual amount of yolk ia the wool. 
think high conditioned lota stand the best 
chance of finding a profitable sale. In the 
case of large unwashed lots, where the sheep 
have been exposed to the weather, an ex¬ 
press stipulation should be required that they 
shall not bo sold at one-third discount for 
shrinkage,but according to their actual value. 
Some of our readers will remember that, a 
year ago we published tho result of a corres¬ 
pondence with many of the most eminent 
wool merchants of New York, Boston and 
Chicago, by which it was shown that they 
habitually sold, or were willing to sell, con¬ 
siderable lots of unwashed wool on their 
merits,” totally irrespective of tho “oue- 
thinl shrinkage rule,” or any other fixed 
rate of shrinkage. To whatever merchant 
or broker wc consigned, wo would have 
such a previous understanding with him iu 
regard to all unwashed or imperfectly 
washed wool. 
As to our correspondent’s inquiry “ where 
wool would be likely to find the best price,” 
wc would say that we suppose there is no 
particular difference iu this respect between 
New* York and Boston. Perhaps we should 
add Philadelphia, but wo are less conversant 
with its markets. Our impression is, too, 
that Western growers have often found as 
good net prices at Chicago and other Western 
centres of trade. Sometimes an excellent 
local market is mndo by a woolen mill, 
wherever situated, which buys its raw ma¬ 
terial in the vicinity. 
pritgMratj 
DISEASED CATTLE —REMEDY 
H. S. RANDALL, LL. D., EDITOR, 
Or CuLTLAD VlfclACE, Coi-TLAND Cof> TY, NSff YOB K, 
Last fall, when my cows were turned Into 
the field from which I had gathered corn, 
two of them became very sick. At every 
expiration of the breath they would give a 
sort of puffing, suppressed grunt, as though 
they were in great pain. They ato very lit¬ 
tle, and fell away remarkably fast. Tho 
“ knowing ones” gave the disease the name 
of “ the distemper ”—that being a convenient 
term for unknown diseases. Pears of tho 
Murrain, which occasionally visits our sec¬ 
tion, disturbed me. Then I concluded they 
might bo injured by eating too much corn, 
having found that unfaithful hands had left 
a largo quantity in one part of the field. 
Lastly I was quite convinced that the main, 
if not the solo cause was tho smut ear a which 
were left upon the stalks — there being an 
unusually large quantity of them. 
I tried dosing them with copperas and 
drenching them with grease. Perhaps both, 
and most probably the latter — did good. 
But I learned that a decoction of “Lion’s 
Tongue,” or Pipsftsewuy, was a powerful 
euro for what ia called distemper, aud that 
it might euro them. I gathered the plant, 
root, stem and leaves, and made a strong tea 
of it, and drenched tho ono that had not 
been relieved by tho other medicine. Tho 
result was a speedy recovery. 
I heard of another very sick cow, that 
was thought to havo tho distemper, being 
readily cored by being drenched with 
this same hind of tea. Used in very large 
doses, it may bo dangerous, as it is poison¬ 
ous, w. k, 
arsimun 
BREAKING COLTS 
than to continue to use such 
fixtures as will wound a faithful beast of 
burden. 
Furthermore, when a sora back has been 
allowed to ulcerate, frequently discharging 
ichorous matter, lUo most efficacious reme¬ 
dy is to batho tho wound every day, and, 
after bathing, wash tho affected parts with a 
solution of saltpeter and spirits of turpen¬ 
tine, prepared as follows:—Put ono quarter 
of a pound of saltpeter aud half a pint of 
turpentine into a bottle; shako up well be¬ 
fore using; apply to tho wound three times 
a day with a feather. And when the wound 
lias assumed a healthful appearance aud 
scorns to be healing this medicine may be 
discontinued. 
curalely selected? If honestly but inaccu¬ 
rately selected, our opinion, if a correct one 
according to the samples, would mislead, 
and might very seriously mislead, the per¬ 
son sending them to us. As wc cannot 
know* iu one case in fifty whether they arc 
correctly chosen, we have made it an in¬ 
variable rule never to express an opinion, on 
their evidence alone, what a lot of wool will 
fetch, or should fetch, in market. 
The expediency of shipping wool East 
depends upon various circumstances. As a 
general thing, the sale of any kind of article 
is most satisfactorily made by the owner 
himself. With a decently fair homo market, 
it is net usually expedient to .send away 
clips not large enough to be stored, and sold 
separately, but which must be “thrown” or 
graded by fleeces, according to general 
quality aud condition, and put into much 
larger lots. Li this process, fine distinctions 
cannot be or are not made. Unwashed wool 
from small lobs ia usually thrown together, 
whether it has been summer boused or not, 
whether it would shrink in washing twenty- 
live or fifty per cent. And there is another 
circumstance which often causes the seller 
to net less than he would have done at home, 
though ho nominally gets a little more per 
pound for clean wool. This is caused by 
the wool merchant putting washed wool into 
the unwashed, because it is “ too heavy.” 
All experienced growers of Merino wool 
know there are fleeces which, oven with 
oxtra washing, trill not be as free from yolk 
as tho average of the clip, It of course is 
not worth quite as much as cleaner wool. 
It would be fair to separate out all such wool 
and sell it for less, according to its merits; 
but this docs not make it fair to class and 
sell It with unwashed. 
Wo know a case a couple of years since, 
where the owner of a clip of wool was of¬ 
fered by an Eastern house four or five cents 
more per pound than he could get for it ia 
the local market. He told the good news to 
his neighbors —many of whom had wool of 
about the same quality and condition. They 
accordingly sent their wool, too. All got- 
the stipulated price for their “ clean wool 
but a very unexpected proportion turned out 
to be “ unwashed," under the buyer’s classi¬ 
fication. One of the parlies told us that 
after deductiug freight, cartage, commission, 
insurance, <ftc., none of them netted so much 
as they would havo done to have sold at the 
prices offered them at home, Wo think this 
is the most common experience among those 
who grow heavy fleeced American Merino 
wool. 
We impute no fraud, or intentional injus¬ 
tice to the wool merchants as a class. We 
believe them to be as reputable dealers os 
any others. But they are hedged round with 
trade customs. Those customs were estab¬ 
lished, doubtless, with a view to protect the 
just Interests of manufacturers and middle 
men. But while this system of lumping off 
all small lots of unclean wool at an average 
price protects the interests of the manufac¬ 
turer, and saves the wool merchant or bro¬ 
ker a vast amount of storage room, and labor 
in fixing a valuation according to actual con¬ 
dition on each separate small lot, it has the 
practical effect of compelling the producer 
whose “ heavy” or unwashed wools are above 
that average condition to throw away this 
advantage for the benefit of thoso whose 
wools are below the average condition. It 
is not therefore advantageous for the producer 
ANGORA AND EAST INDIA WOOLS. 
Oun former correspondent, “ A Friend to 
Wool Growers," Detroit, Mich., writes us: 
“ What do yon moan by Angora wools?, alluded 
to In your correspondence wit h Assistant Secre¬ 
tary Hartley of the Treasury Department? 
Where are they grown? Iain somewhat liimll- 
lar with foreign wools, hut not with these. * * 
* W'bnt Is The amount ot‘ them and cl' East 
India wools entering- our ports?" 
Angora wool is grown in “ Turkey in 
Asia" and takes its name from a place called 
Angora, about three hundred and fifty miles 
northeast of Smyrna aud ono hundred and 
fifty miie9 south of the Black Sea. It is 
shipped from Smyrna to Marseilles, Liver¬ 
pool, and London, and occasionally direct to 
New York; hut most of that received at 
New Yor]c comes from Liverpool. It ranges, 
we think, from a coarse clothing wool to 
a fine carpet wool. We have seen some 
specimens of it in the New York Custom 
House, adjudged nnd probably not improp¬ 
erly, to belong to the latter class. The 
import of it has been quite small under tho 
present tariff. 
The imports of the finer grades of East 
India wool into New York, we learn from 
official sources, have embraced, since last 
November, 50,843 pounds, costing from ten 
and three-fourths to eleven and one-half 
pence sterling per pound, and paying a duty 
of six cents per pound and tea per cent, ad 
valorem, Wc further understand that Mr. 
Ernest IIf.ye was the only importer of 
these wools at that port, and has now 
stopped importing them from the fact that 
they do not "pay" In our markets. Wo 
think little If any has entered tho port of 
Boston. 
As we have heretofore said, we contended 
against Mr. McCulloch's classification of 
East India wools by blood instead of charac¬ 
ter, and against a later proposition to apply 
the same rule to Angora wools, not because 
the mere practical effect on our protective 
system in either or both of those particular 
cases, would be likely to be very serious, 
but we regarded those rulings as entering 
wedges to others of a like character, which 
in the aggregate might include a very con¬ 
siderable amount of wool; and it Is by no 
moans unreasonable to suppose that circum¬ 
stances may arise Under which the foreign 
production of such wools may be greatly 
increased to take advantage of suc-h an in¬ 
terpretation of our -wool tariff. Be this ns k* 
may, we believe a tamo and silent acquies¬ 
cence on the part of its friends, iu any 
infringement on the protective character of 
that tariff is neither the course of duty nor 
of safety.___ 
Samples.—O. Mi: am max, Marseilles, Wyan¬ 
dot t county, Ohio, sends us two samples of 
Merino wool j—No. 1, teg wool, fourteen mouths' 
growth, fleece 12?£ pounds, length iy t inches 
No- 2, two years' okl, growth of wool ono year, 
weight of fleece I7,vf pounds, length 2% Inches. 
Both are good, lAir American Mori no wool. Tho 
samples do not vary much in quality. No. 2 Is 
“the most profitable wool to grow." 
Abel Geke, Scott, Cortland Co., Now Yorlc, 
sends samples of a -Merino ewe tog's wool, four¬ 
teen months old. Weight of fioeco (weighed by 
John P. Cotter ell, Esq. j li% pounds, weight of 
carcass 75 pounds. Length of wool from %'.{to 
2 y, iaches. The ewe was bred from the stock of 
E- E. Buown, New Hope, N. Y. 
CHAFF FROM CATTLE'S EYE3. 
TRAINING HORSES, 
A correspondent cf the Rural asks for 
a remedy for chaff’ in the eyes of cattle. I 
will tell him how to take any small matter 
out of his own cyo, should lie ever need to 
try. If the intruding matter is under the 
upper cyo lid, gently pull it from tho eye ball 
and push tho lower 1U1 under tho upper and 
draw ft back; if tho trouble la under the 
lower lid, reverse the process. In forty year 
I have never failed in at onco removing tho 
offending matter by this simple means. 
This is the philosophy of the thing. Tho 
hairs of the eye lash arc barbed, and theso 
minute barbs never fb.il to bring out tho 
cause cf the trouble. I was coming by the 
Akron Rolling Mills the other day, and saw 
one workman trying with a pointed stick to 
take something out of tho eye of another. I 
asked leave to try to get the matter out, aud 
did ft the first attempt. Tho only remark 
was, “ Well, you could not havo taken a 
chunk Of ore out of a man’s eye the oilier 
i day, for ho had to go to a surgeon.” I took 
a particle of coni from the eye of a Welsh 
miner a short time since, that none of his 
mates could get out. 
Whether chaff can bo got out of tho eyes 
of cattle in this way, I do not know.— t. u. r. 
-» »»■ - 
Milk Fever.—Will somo one give, through tho 
Rural, a preventive nnd euro for tho mills 
fover? It in becoming very frequent hero, (ora 
disease which is called that,) ami always fatal. 
The cow la attacked in from eix to thirty hours 
after calving. First symptoms arc weakness of 
tho back, as shown by her staggering when Pho 
walks; bind party swing nround towards her. 
side; she stumbles and falls, gets up with diiff- 
culty, falls again, and is unable to get upf suf¬ 
fers much pain for from five to ten hours, aud 
dies. I havo uot known any coses where tho 
now was kept on dry feed, and yet it Is impos¬ 
sible to ti .et any kind of physic to operate.—J. 
L. Hughes, Watson, Mich. 
left entirely too long before they arc taken 
in hand for breaking in. Their future life 
should be a part of their earliest education; 
iustoad of, as generally now, left to go as they 
list until the time arrives for tho professional 
“ breaker" to practice on them. It is just as 
easy, while commencing to fondlo nnd pet 
with them, to leach them to be obedient to 
tho halter and other things; and they would 
then be brought to work more easily, nnd 
with a better spirit than they now often are. 
Wo saw at the close of the war a ccvcn-year- 
old, which had hitherto known service only 
ns a cavalry horse, “broken iu”. to go in a 
heavy wagon. The cruelty—it was nothing 
else — 11 necessary," though ft seemed to bn, 
was shameful. The owner had bought him 
for that purpose, and ho “would not pull.” 
Two men with green clubs, beat him for 
nearly an hour, during which time ho broke 
the wagon and Che gears nearly all to pieces 
in fils roarings and layings down. lie 
learned at last that all this meant that lie 
had to pull forward, and ho ever afterwards 
made an excellent driving horse. But all 
that suffering might havo been avoided by a 
proper training when young. There arc 
some horses, like some men, whose nature is 
essentially vicious, and with whom the rod 
Cannot bo spared without, spoiling the child; 
but with a proper training of the eolt, ft 
would be found in horse raising, as in child 
raising, the old rules of kicking and cuffing 
will he oftencr more honored in the breach 
than in the observance. 
with his nose. Onco assured that ft will not 
hurt him, ho will care nothing for it. Be 
sure and fit the collar so that it. will not gall 
him. Attach two lines, one on each side of 
tho bit, and have them long enough to reach 
back of him, so that you can drive him about 
and teach him to mind the reins until you 
can easily guide him and make him "gee” 
and “ haw ” by the word. 
The next thing 19 to teach him to draw; 
this is done by attaching two ropes about eight 
foot long, one to each tug or trace; let the 
colt start up, and you draw back with your 
whole weight.; in this way you will soon 
have him accustomed to the pressure of the 
collar upon lift shoulders, after which you 
may safely hitch him to a light wagon for a 
few times, and then to a light load. But I 
would caution you against overloading a 
colt. It is from this cause that so many 
balky horses arc to be found all over the 
country. I make tbo assertion, without the 
least fear of contradiction, that one-half of 
the men who own horses do not know how 
to drive them. If most men would exercise 
more judgment and less whip, there wouldn’t 
bo so many balky horses. Persuasion ft 
better than force. Rustic. 
Grain! Rapids, Lasalle Co., Ill. 
Preventive and Remedy Tor Colie in Horae".— 
A correspondent. ol‘ the Cincinnati Gazette has 
made me of tbo following for fifteen years and 
never know if. to fail: 
Take one-half pint of alcohol, one-half pint of 
turpentine and one ounce of camphor gum, put 
in a bottlo and dissolve. Shake well before 
usinur. Rathe the horn* rm the breast, behind 
the* rorc logs and on the flanks, nnd then take a 
hot shovel and hold It near to the treated parts, 
and batho it in well. Re careful that the hot 
iron does not come in contact with tho horse, as 
the wash will burn asqulek as powder. Opera to 
the name for eoJte »w for butts. 
If the farmers would use the following to, a 
preventive, they would not. he bothered much 
with either colic or bobs in their horses:—Tako 
ono part wood ashes nnd three parrs salt, and 
give a horse a small handful twice u week. 
J. M. Mosb, Huntsville, Ala., sonda ns tho fol¬ 
lowing which ho has nover known to fail:—"On 
tho first appearance of any disturbance In tho 
horses' bowels, tie a small plug; of toba CO ou 
tho bit eo that ho will havo to keep it In tho 
mouth. If it is a bad case cut a plus hr two 
pieces lengthwise and put ono or both up tho 
rcotum. In very bad cases tho close may havo 
to bo repeated. Never drench a horso unless 
you know more about ono than anybody I over 
have seen doctoring thorn. In my opinion it 
kills a hundred where It cures one. Try tho 
tobacco." 
Cows Cleaning;.—II. W. says ho 53 troubled 
about his cows not cleaning. Musty, dirty boy is 
aum/raily tho cause of cows not cleaning. If ho 
would food four quarts of potatoes to each of 
h!.j cows for three weeks before they como In, 
with good, bright hay, I think he would havo no 
trouble. To muko them clean, shut them up lu 
a warm place, keep them qulor, feed four quarts 
of oatmeal twioc a day, and scalded wheat bran 
onco a day, and you will generally drive tho 
cleaning from tho cow without hurting her.—A 
Fa emeu, Lmooille , N. Y. 
Habit In Animal*.—A writer to tbeBosttmCVl- 
tlvator states that, having moved his barns tho 
past season to some distance from tho trough 
where tho animals had formerly drank, a con* 
sid'r.iblo stroma of water during a freshet 
flowed between the barn nnd the old watering 
place. On turning llio cattle out the flist morn¬ 
ing aftor tho freshet, several of the larger ones 
passed over tho stream to drink, though, the 
water was so deep that they had to swim. 
Tiik American Stock Journal says:—A 
strong horse with, a sore back is frequently 
shorn of half Ills strength. A sore hack is 
usually the result of a miserable Harness. 
Yet, Iu many instances, the back-bancl ft 
made too short, or ft buckled up too tight, so 
that tho traces til the back-hand are raised 
abovo a direct line from tho hames to the 
whiffietree. When this ft the case, the back¬ 
hand, when the horse draws, is pressed down 
with force on the hack; and unless the pad 
ft soft or the harness he made with a patent 
back, a wound will be made, which will be 
difficult to heal so long as the harness that 
made the wound is employed on the animal. 
When a horse has a sore hack, and It, seems 
necessary to keep him in the harness, let the 
back-band be removed entirely, or let it, be 
lengthened a few Inches Lack of tho wound 
An Ailing C.\.—I luivo an ox that has been ail¬ 
ing ever since the first of March, when lie begun 
to show signs of having a lume neck; aud it bu3 
kept, growing worse. Ho carries his bead tipped 
a little sideways; docs not cut much, and grows 
poor. The right ear discharges some, and Is 
swollen next to hft head. He has not been 
worked ttuy 6lnco tho 20th of February, and was 
not hurt that 1 know of. Can anyone prescribe 
a cure for him?—J. M. Ingram, Mar(boro‘ t VL 
Drcneiilcr Hor*c»,—When ft boy, my father 
had a mare that had the founders, und bo wished 
to drench her with sassafras ten. He drenched 
her In the nose (while standing) from a long- 
nocked bottle, nnd lu thirty minutes Bho was 
dead. We opened her, and found the lungs full 
of the tea. The mare was able to work—only 
stiffened. I lived only fifteen years to learn 
(bat. it was no way to drench a horso iu the 
nose.—C. It. Fl'lleu. 
Poisons. — Hunt Wellek, Now Village, N. J., 
inquires:—“What Is a sure euro for sheep poi¬ 
soned from eating our common fence poisons, 
(not laurel,) which twine around our tehees mid 
kill more or less sheep every year ?" No such 
vegetable poisons abound in any region with 
which we arc familiar, nnd accordingly we havo 
no Idea of their particular character or cure. 
Those whose flocks aro thus affected, should 
have the poisonous plants Identified, and give 
their botanical as well as common untnes. There 
would then be « probability that antidotes or 
carea could be pointed out. 
--- pt V'.IULAI 
o to subject himself to the operation of such 
>A rules. 
lt' a., ii 
On the whole, ft is our Impression that it 
is generally best, and certainly more satis¬ 
factory to himself, for the grower to sell his 
clip at home, when he there lias the advan¬ 
tages of a decently fair competitive market. 
The most profitable lots to semi East are 
large ones, in very uniform condition, We 
Lump* on a Cow#’ 'lean*.—Can some one tell 
mo what to do for my cow? Bbe has lumps in 
hor teats which nearly obstruct the flow of milk. 
They are not garget, hut flesh lumps, which ap¬ 
pear to have grown there; aro about two-thirds 
the way up the teat.. She has been milked but 
oneeeason before this; had small lumps last sea¬ 
son, but they are much, larger now.—N. 11 . o. 
To Prevent a Mare Breaking Her Halter.— 
Can you or your readers toil me how to cure 
my marc of breaking her halter whenever sho 
ft hitched out of theatable? It isafreaklearned 
within two years. Once when she polled sho 
hurt her mouth with tho bit, emd since that has 
been worse. 
