TOBEI1 
sons tlicro is not less, counting 1 showers, than 
one rainy day in a week; some seasons con¬ 
siderably more, and it is seldom that a farmer 
can furnish work in rainy weather for more than 
to pay the board of his men; thus nearly two 
hours of each day in the week is stricken off, 
leaving a fraction above nine hours per day for 
these five months, the two or three months is 
one hour per day less, averaging, perhaps, eight 
and three-quarter hours of constant, work for 
the sen.•Min of six or seven months. When wo 
take men by the year, which Sneiudes one-third 
winter for the whole year, one and three- 
quarter hours less per day will be the average 
tor these months, for wo cannot expect to work 
men In snow, sleet, and min, though the days are 
short ; nor drive them out into Hitt wood lot 
when the thermometer is twenty-live below 
zero. This reduces (lie average day’s work for 
the year to not over eight hours, in full accord¬ 
ance with I lie law of Congress and the late de¬ 
cision of General Grant. This, Mr. Chairman, 
is no chimera ; it is a fair estimate described by 
facts, and is the experience of one who 1ms em¬ 
ployed men, both hy the season and the year, 
for the last thirty years. If other fanners will 
go carefully Into this reckoning, they will ttml 
itiL correct outs, unless they have a bettor faculty 
to get work out of men in Iwd and wet weather 
titan has your humble sen ant. Should the in¬ 
quiry arise as to what is the cost of this labor 
here in Vermont, it. is easily answered. It is 
only, by the season, twenty-live to thirty-two 
dollars per month, and hy the year twenty to 
twenty-six dollars, boarding and washing fur¬ 
nished in both cases by Hie employer. In haying 
and harvesting by the day the laborer risking 
Hie weather- i wo dollars ami « half a day and 
board. Is not. this an encouraging prospect for 
farmers—particularly for the growing of wool, 
at twenty-four cents per pound,gold '( We are 
greatly ill need In Vermont of the emigration 
of foreign farm laborers. Thousands of them 
and red clover, and the grasses generally, can bo 
grown, whilst cotton, at the present price, and 
the vineyards which are rapidly being inaugu¬ 
rated, render a farmer s success speedy and cer¬ 
tain. The prices of lands vary from £l to $30 
uer acre. In the cities and towns large-sized 
lots can he got from f’HI to $600. Houses and 
grounds which cost, live times their present 
price cun yet be reudily obtained. Even in tho 
mineral regions real estate Is still very cheap. 
Wi. saw (l large frvili-furm.oni.v four miles from 
Haleigb, rich tu gold and plumbago, with good 
house and one hundred and eighty acres, that 
could now he bought for JI,6fK)! The owner was 
the former postmaster, and a much respected 
man. Ono-fourth cash and three to five years’ 
credit, are the general terms; whilst inafly prop¬ 
er! ies can be hired, with an option ni purchase, 
at a stated price agreed upon beforehand. Even 
mere laborers are readily welcomed, for their 
energy is milch needed, and they form a cheek 
upon the negro, who has at present uo proper 
standard hy which to decide his exertions. Me¬ 
chanics and artisans would find nice Openings 
and be free from much of that undue wear uud 
tear which characterizes the struggle for tile in 
more inelement, latitudes. 
Century Plant.— it was announced that.there 
is prospoOfc that the Century Plant .1|/air. 
A m erica no—ft bout to bloom in Rochester, will 
lie brought, to New York and exhibited at the 
fair of the .American Institute. 
Yucca Filnmmtoxn.—The accomplished Pro¬ 
fessor of Wit. and Humor exhibited a stalk of 
this plant which he Insisted was the plant, which 
furnished the thread with which fair Evm sowed 
her first fig-leaved apron. It Isa beautiful plant 
and blossom, and we hope to nmlio the Rural 
readers hotter acquainted with it soon. 
ItlncU-fnp Raxpherrica. — Tho committee ap¬ 
pointed to visit, and report upon tho West¬ 
chester Muck-Cap reported. Tho report was an 
almost unqualified “setting up” of the fruit. 
[We caution our readers against putting too 
great faith In this fruit as superior to tho Doo¬ 
little. II. is claimed that it is earlier. It may be, 
but wo do not regard it hynny means established 
that, it Is. It Is assorted to be of better flavor; 
we don’t believe it is; and we have lasted it and 
compared It with other varieties. It is said to 
be more productive; but. that, la not established, 
its seeds are said to bo smaller: If they arc, 
there are more of them, which is an objection. 
The fact Is, we do not bollovo that tho efforts 
making to push this berry, in order to n in ken. 
demand for it, are warranted by any superiority 
claimed for it, though not, established, over well 
known sorts—the ax-grinders to tho contrary 
notwithstanding.—Ena. Rural.] 
I,inn s Kverlienrlng.—This variety of raspber¬ 
ry was exhibited. Mr. Fuller says It is a largo, 
good fruit, bearing all summer, but bus a bloom 
on il. which is an objection to It as a market her- 
ry, since It shows a dull color In market. The 
bloom on lh« plum, pencil and grape help them 
to sell; but. nol.so on the raspberry. [This only 
proves that people arc more stupid than wise; 
for bum's Mlack-Cap Is a most, excellent fruit, 
and its bloom is an indication thereof.— Eos. 
Rural.} 
A Yellow Black-Cap was exhibited from Penn¬ 
sylvania— Called .Summit,'’s Mack-Cap. II is said 
to ho perfectly hardy, good fla vor, hard, firm 
berry, but not likely to lie a profitable market 
berry on account of Its color. 
Early Mohnwli Potato, A sample of (his va¬ 
riety was exhibited, Ibe seed having been plant¬ 
ed the lillh of April. Fine looking specimens. A 
distinguished Professor, who has It growing 
beside the Early Rose, thinks it. promises to rival 
that variety, and regards it as one of tho most 
promising of the new sorts. A learned member 
Of Hiu 8 mitii family, who asserted his aversion 
to being humbugged, had waited and watched 
for the best variety of early potatoes. On tho 
strength of the recommendations of the Club, 
ho had bought and planted the Early Robo; and 
now, if tho testimony in favor of the Early Mo¬ 
hawk, and his impressions of It, as lie lias it. 
growing, can be relied upon, he may have 1o 
discard Ids first love. As tho Early Mohawk 
grows with him, it is a little later, and oatries a 
stronger vino. It certainly looks more promis¬ 
ing growing than 1 he Early Rose. Mr. Fuller 
for hogs when first brought to tho pen. 
Horses also are very fond of it. 
In localities where the gardens and fields 
are infested with insects and bugs, the befit 
plan is to plant late —as late as one can, pro¬ 
vided he only give time for the product, to 
mature before the frost. Last year my beans 
were troubled with hugs. I planted some 
of the first, crop, and t hey were not troubled, 
and it is said the second crop nre not so 
likely to be injured by the bug in the winter. 
Bugs nearly destroyed my early cabbage. 
Those planted in July were not touched. 
The only exception to this rule was the 
vines of my fall Irish potatoes. They were 
attacked by the large fiat potato hug late in 
the season, and in some instances nearly en¬ 
tirely destroyed. x. 
columns of the Rural what to do with them? 
— whether to trim a part of the suckers off or 
let them all grow ? I am a novice in the busi¬ 
ness.— Milton H. Wolf, Washington Co., Pa., 
June 7. 
Let. some practical peach orchardist reply. 
teen years ago, they have been common mere 
for a century or more. As far back as 1835, 
in going from Philadelphia to Baltimore by 
the old route, before the Wilmington Railroad 
was built, the country between Newcastle 
and French Town was laid out like a check¬ 
er board with old, fully grown hedges, and 
exactly resembled an English landscape in 
this particular. In that day the Osage Or¬ 
ange was not used at all for this purpose, and 
was only known in Arkansas and Texas as 
“ Bo-Dock,” from the French Dots if Are, or 
Bow Wood, it, being used by the Indians for 
their bows. At that time the Delaware 
hedges were all grown from the thorn. Un¬ 
less I am very much mistaken, this is st ill 
the case, as the not very enterprising Chick¬ 
ens of tlie Blue Hen arc but little given to 
change in anything. 
The talk about the thorns on the Osage 
Orange rendering it impenetrable is all fudge. 
I have seen cattle browse on it all day, bitter 
as it is, and but and gore at it as they do with 
evergreens. “ Delaware” knows nothing of 
the enterprise of a Western hog. Where he 
can get his snout in, the rest of his body is 
sure to follow. As to expense in building, a 
hedge bounding the country scat of a wealthy 
gentleman near me has cost in the last, fif¬ 
teen years more than four fences, all in vain. 
It is now surrounded by a picket fence, and 
the only present, annoyance of the owner is 
that he cannot get rid of it, hard as he has 
tried to do so. During a recent trip of a 
thousand miles or so, by rail, from Des 
Moines, Iowa, to Cairo, Illinois, and hack, 
the editor of the Iowa Homestead made the 
same observations that I have on the condi¬ 
tion of the numerous hedges noticed by the 
wayside. 
The Osage Orange is a most excellent little, 
tree, cleanly and beautiful. I know it to be 
perfectly hardy, for I have seen it, survive a 
winter with the mercury twenty-five degrees 
below zero, without injury, though it often 
kills to tlxe ground, when in hedge, and 
trimmed late in the season, so that the 
growth is late and tender. The wood is of 
unusual strength, even when raised on prairie 
soil, and I have seen it used for grape stakes 
for seven years, without a sign of decay. It 
is well worth cultivation as a very useful 
tree, for its beauty and wood, and also as a 
wind break or shelter on a prairie. It is not 
well suited for hedge purposes, because it is 
naturally a tree twenty to thirty feet high, 
with a trunk four to six inches in diameter, 
and in good soil is constantly struggling to 
assume its natural shape. When too closely 
trimmed, the roots, by a well known physio¬ 
logical law, become as stunted as the top, 
and the plant, becomes exceedingly tender, 
stunted and congested, and shabby in ap* 
pearauce. 
If there must be hedges, it would be much 
safer to trust the barberry, which is naturally 
a bush about eight feet high, which thickens 
up rapidly with trimming, and which is ex¬ 
ceedingly hardy. The Oneida Community, 
at Wallingford, Ct., is reported to have been 
unusually successful with barberry hedge. 
Having said this much, I do not intend re¬ 
ferring again to the subject, but leave those 
most interested to form their own conclu¬ 
sions, as I have mine. I seek no controversy 
with any one, and owe no man anything but 
good will. Northwest. 
Fall Planting Apple Trees.— TfTF.ODORE Cun- 
tim:—You can transplant apple trees as safely 
and successfully in the fall as 111 the spring; 
some prefer tho fall; but whether planted in 
the fall or spring will have little to do with the 
alternate bearing;. All, or nearly all, varieties 
may be made to bear annually by not allowing 
the trees to overbear any one year—by thinning 
out tho fruit buds when it is evident the tree is 
carrying too many. 
arhtitcr 
Pens in Allegany nn<i Cattaraugus Counties, 
N. Y.— A correspondent writes ub from one of 
these counties that peas do well, and aro not 
bugging in those counties, as they used to be in 
Monroo Co., when ho lived there. 
NOTES ON PEAS, 
Out of sixteen varieties planted the same 
day and given the. same care, side by side, 
Carter's First Crop has again furnished peas 
for the table in advance of all others. The 
pods of this variety are large and full, so 
that it sells well in market; the vines are 
moderately strong, and very prolific, and the 
peas, when cooked, quite sweet, so that, 
taken all in all, to me it seems a variety 
worthy the culture of every one. 
Dan O'Rourke sustains its good character 
again, but is not as early as Carter's First 
Crop. It is a good sort, however, and, to 
succeed Carter’s for market, desirable; but 
for one’s own table use, I would prefer 
McLeans Little Gem , the peas of which, when 
cooked, are sweeter than Dan O'Rourke; 
but I doubt its profitableness for market. 
The vines are quite dwarf and moderately 
prolific. 
Waite's Caraetacus also succeeds Carter's 
First Crop immediately; and were 1 grow¬ 
ing for market il. would bo a question with 
me which to plant, this or Dan O'Rourke. It 
is a better pea for the table; but, on the 
whole, I think not quite as productive. 
McLean's Advancer .—This is another fine 
sort, and the peas, when cooked, almost 
equal Champion of England; but with me it 
has not been sufficiently productive ; nor is 
it quite as early as I have seen stated. 1 
class it medium early. 
Dwarf Waterloo Marrow is another mod¬ 
erately early sort, dwarf in its vines and very 
prolific. 
McLean's Epicurean is only moderately 
productive as well as moderately early; and, 
unless it, does better another year, not worth 
growing. 
McLean's Wonderful is a strong grower, 
not early, blossoms with Champion of Eng¬ 
land, and for variety should be grown; but 
for a crop is not equal to it. 
Peabody .— This Is a peculiar growing vine, 
dwarfish, with a wrinkled foliage, unlike 
any other soil; not early; quite productive, 
and good to make up variety. 
McLean's Premium is a strong grower, 
productive, later than Champion of England , 
and a good variety to continue the season. 
Laxton's Prolife is another strong grower, 
far from early; about with Champion of 
England; has fine, long and full pods, and 
is a valuable sort, hut is not worth growing 
at a price for seed over that of Champion. 
Frank Amon. 
tsntssimrs 
NEW YORK FARMERS’ CLUB 
BUGGY PEAS AND POTATOES. 
In regard to peas vegetating, any one who 
will plant a double row of English peas — 
rows ten inches apart and [teas one inch 
apart—and put the. peas eaten hy the bug, or 
that have holes in them made hy the bug, in 
one row, and the sound peas iu another row, 
will, as I have done, discover that though 
some of the diseased ones may vegetate, not. 
one in a thousand will bear peas—L AN oute r u 
or any one else to the contrary. [In Rural, 
page 378 ] Any one in the South, where 
the China tree grows, may keep out the bugs, 
or keep weevil out of wheat, by putting the 
berries or leaves among them. 
The Goodrich potato thrives very well 
here, and is as good and mealy as any new 
potato. I planted in rows, say three feet 
apart, and twelve, to fifteen inches apart in 
the row, using pieces with one or two eyes, 
One of the greatest recommendations is that 
the potatoes are all of uniform size and no 
little ones. I pulled up only one hill or vine 
this morning, and the potatoes were very 
large, and weighed four and a half pounds. 
They come very early here. J. o. 
Fort Smith, Ark., 1800. 
FOR TREE PLANTERS, 
I herewith send you a very useful plan 
for setting trees in straight rows after the 
ground has been properly slaked off. In 
order to dig the hole, the stake has to bo 
removed, and if the hole is large it becomes 
difficult to tell just where to set the tree 
without sighting both ways. This can be 
obviated by using a piece of board, six or 
eight inches wide and five or six feet long, 
with an open slot in the center and a hole 
in each end, as shown in engraving. Before 
digging the holes, take this board and place 
it on the ground, with the center notfth 
around the stake where the tree should 
stand; then drive two small pegs through 
the holes in either end of the board. It 
may then be removed until the hole is dug, 
and placed back again when the tree is to be 
set. Place the tree in the slot or notch, 
which will not only determine its position, 
but also serve as a support to hold it in its 
proper place while the earth is being filled 
around it. This is a great labor-saver to 
those who take pride in having their trees 
in straight rows. h. m. p. 
LATE SOWN PEAS. 
It is a custom in North Carolina to sow 
peas in the corn field when the com receives 
its last ploughing. They are sown broad¬ 
cast. They do not come early enough to 
interfere with the growth of the corn. 
Il was a custom with my father, after the 
wheat was harvested, to select a rich piece 
of the stubble laud and put it, in corn and 
peas. The peas matured very well, hearing 
in heavy quantity. Tho com did not get 
hard generally, but was sufficiently matured 
to render it of decided advantage as feed 
I reatment of Peach Trees,—I sent to New Jer¬ 
sey this spring for one hundred peach trees. 
They were delayed some time in coming, woro 
splendid looking trees when they did come, but 
owing to the lateness of the season (I think,) the 
l ops all died. They are sprouting out from the 
trunks. Will you please Inform me through the 
