presenting an almost endless diversity for 
botanical research. The more we learn, the 
more we find to learn, here and elsewhere in 
the wonderful realm of nature, and the more 
surprised we grow at our blindness of vision 
before science had commenced to unfold to 
our view her varied treasures. 
Leaves are either simple or compound. A 
simple leaf consists of a single piece. A 
compound leaf consists of several parts,each 
of which has a stem connecting it with the 
common petiole. A leaf may be divided 
into lobes and still be a simple leaf, if these 
lobes are jollied together at the base and 
have but one stem. 
The liverwort lias a three-lobed, simple 
leaf, while the clover has a compound leaf, 
consisting of three leaflets. If you examine 
them closely, you will observe the difference. 
Eacli little leaflet of the clover has a stem of 
its own joining it to the main stem, w hile, the 
lobes of the liverwort are joined at the base, 
forming a single leaf. 
The leaves of the clover and liverwort 
seem to spring from the roots. Who can tell 
me what such leaves are called V 
Well done, Emerson 1 I was afraid you 
had forgotten our last lesson, but I see your 
memory is good. They are called radicle 
leaves; and the stem bearing the blossom is 
called a scape. 
Liverwort is one of tlie earliest flowers of 
spring, often coming forth while the snow is 
yet oil the ground. It is found mostly in 
woods, and has, generally, blue flowers, but 
frequently we find them in varieties of white 
and flesh color. This plant is often culti¬ 
vated, and the flowers are thereby rendered 
double. It receives its name from the shape 
of its leaf, which somewhat resembles the 
liver. Aunt Ollie. 
cess greatly exceeds the amount of carbonic 
acid sent out by respiration, and, therefore, 
it is healthy to have plants in a room which 
we occupy during the day ; but, as digestion 
ceases at night and respiration continues, 
the air is rendered impure during the night 
by the carbonic acid thus sent out, and for 
this reason plants should not be allowed in 
your sleeping rooms. 
Here are a number of leaves I have se¬ 
lected to show you the difference in the 
arrangement of their veins. The stem of 
the leaf is called the petiole ,—that part of 
the leaf nearest the stem is called the ba.se, 
and the point opposite the base is called the 
apex. 
The midwin is a continuation of the pet¬ 
iole, running through the leaf from base to 
apex. When there are several similar divi¬ 
sions of the petiole radiating from the base 
of the leaf they are called veins. The 
branches of the veins are called veinUUt, and 
those sent off from the veinlet.s are called 
Leaves are either parallel-veined, 
The Challenge Suit 
ILLUSTRATED REBUS-No. 20, 
EASY LESSONS IN BOTANY, 
Dear Nephews and Nieces -.—We have 
learned that digestion, or the process of fitting 
the food, drawn in by the roofs, for the nour¬ 
ishment of the plant, is performed by the 
leaves, and only during the day time; there 
is another function performed mostly by the 
leaves, which is constantly going on, by day 
and night; this is called respiration. It is 
similar to our breathing, and is just as need¬ 
ful to the life of a plant as breathing is to 
our own lives. 
If you should be shut up in a small closet, 
from which the air was entirely excluded, 
you would soon die ; so, also, would a plant 
soon wither and die if placed under the ex¬ 
hausted receiver of an air-pump. 
FOll THE MONEY 
TRAPHAGEN, HUNTER & CO.’S, 
398, 400 A 402 Bowery, 
Answer in two weeks. 
MISCELLANEOUS ENIGMA.—No. 26. 
I am composed of thirty-six letters. 
My 3-1,29, 5, IS, 23 Is a kind of t ree. 
My 22, 21, 27, 3, 3*5 is the name of a wild animal 
My 35,28, 30, 17, 27, 13 is a kind of fruit. 
My 12, 2,33,88, IS, 10, 7 is a boy's name. 
My 36, 4, 24, 20, 31 is a kind nr fish. 
My 20,3,3,30.1 is a kind of drain. 
My 4, 9.11. 6,10 is ft k'H’s name. 
My 24, ft, 21,9, ft Is a vegetable. 
My 33,20, 32 is u «ho«malu*r’* tool. 
My 14,19,13 was a General in the late rebellion 
My whole is very true. k. h. d. 
Havana, Ohio. 
CS^Answer in two weeks. 
Opposite Sixth Street, New York 
T., 31. & CO. ARE NOW 
veinulets. 
fork-veined, or net-veined. 
Parallel-veined leaves have all their veins 
running parallel to each other. They may 
be either straight, as in the iris, or curved, 
as in the lily of the valley, and are always 
connected by simple transverse v<'inlets. 
The ferns and most flowerless plants have 
Torlt-veined leaves. The veins divide and 
sub-divide, but do not rc-unite. 
CLOSING OUT THEIR SPRING AND 
SUMMER GOODS, 
AND OFFER 
Cassimere Suits 
FOB 
CROSS-WORD ENIGMA.-No. 11 
Mv fiist is In heavy but not In light, 
My second is in loose but not in light, 
My third is in gulf but not in bay, 
My fourth is in night but riot in day, 
My ill th 1 b in young but not in old, 
My sixth is in heep but not in fold, 
My seventh is in hot but not in cold, 
My eighth is in COW but not in calf, 
My ninth Is in whole but not in half, 
My tenth is in lend but not In give, 
My whole is the village near which I live, 
WHICH ARE 
SUPERIOR TO ANY OFFERED 
ON THE MARKET FOR THE MONEY, 
RURAL FOUR-YEAR-OLDS. 
[Mothers of Smart Children are invited to contra 
bute to this Department.] 
, tywrawra 
ANAGRAM. No. 14 
Girbht, dcisebs remsimoc, who raif 
Dna dsecolsnl rea liet eueh ey eraw- 
Eth sojy fo file ew arudg- wbti arce, 
Tis friesg- dseia ey seat, 
Dan doneljr stnlt fo gliht cy aber, 
Wegte oreimsme fo hte sapt. 
Charlotte, Mich. 
Answer in t wo weeks. 
Mistaken.— A young lady in Pennsylvania 
writes us that she is aunt to a lively youngster 
named Freddie, who, on being- told by a cousin 
that lie was mistaken about something, quickly 
answered, “ 1 aint /niu-takou; I’m a boy." 
liaising Chickens.— The same young lady hasa 
little sister who is also smart. Doing at work in 
the garden, one day, the little girl was amusing 
herself as she saw fit for some lime. Finally our 
correspondent looked up and saw that she had 
stuck a feather in the ground, and asked what 
she lmd planted that for. “CozI want to raise 
some chickens," was the answer. 
Fork-veined.— (Fern.) 
Thus, you see, leaves serve as stomach and 
lungs to the plant, and are as essential to its 
life and growth, as they are to the beauty of 
the landscape. 
Aud uow arises a question which you 
may each answer according to your own 
opinion : — Is it healthy or unhealthy to 
have plants growing in our houses ? 
T he success of the dodge 
SELF RAKER during the oust season 1ms been 
beyond all precedent. Its superior merits have been 
fully established by the uniform satisfaction it has 
given, and bv the enthiiNiiuuie reports of the thou, 
sends of purchasers. The great advantage of this 
linker uvi-r all others Is, that it requires no adjust¬ 
ment, but is always ready for work in any kind of 
crop, short or long, lodged or otherwise, and the 
driver can make gavels with either of the Rakes, 
and whenever he chooses, In perfect order for bind¬ 
ing. The Machine Is also n splendid Mower. For 
further information, please write for a pamphlet. 
CHARADE.-No. 16 
Away from mart and busy town 
Are pastures sweet and meadows green, 
With waving grain, and barren down, 
And lakes and woods and streams betweem 
’Tis bore ray j first, in life is seen 
By babbling brook and meadows green. 
A man of lioncst, happy face, 
He to no earthly king would bow; 
With independence of his rnco 
He’d live by trade or speed the plow. 
An American, so proud aud free; 
Nay, iucn-e, my second, too, was he. 
In many home*, In every State, 
A welcome Visitor lias been 
My whole; pleasing the learned and great; 
in poor man’s oat, it too is seen 
The host of all its kind extant, 
’Tis what wo all should over want. 
W. Y. S, 
tST 4 Answer in two weeks. 
,)xxn\0Y 
PARLOR 
CHURCH 
Simple Leaf.—(L iverwort.) 
Net-veined leaves arc so called because 
their veinlets unite and form a net-work. 
They are more common than either of the 
other kinds. Most of our fruit and orna¬ 
mental trees and shrubs have such leaves, 
as well as the greater number of our native 
and cultivated vegetables aud flowering 
plants. 
GLIMPSES OF GENIUS. 
“ Biddy, did you put an egg in the cof¬ 
fee, to settle it ?’ “ Ves, mum ; I put in four; 
they were so bad, I had to use i lie more ol’ 
thorn.” 
Mutton, according to reports received from 
every direction, Is falling. People who have 
heads of that sort, should look to it and not get 
hurt. 
A rohool-boy being asked by his teacher 
“Of whm is i he German Diet constituted?” re¬ 
plied, “Sour krout, sclmupps, lager boor and 
nix cum arouse," 
A reporter, in describing a Masonic proces¬ 
sion a abort time siuco, said, “the procession 
was very fine and nearly two miles hi length, as 
was also the prayer of the Grand Chaplain." 
“There is no truth in men," said a lady, in 
company. “They are like musical instruments, 
which sound a variety of tunes." “In other 
words, iiuidiim,'" said another lady, “ you believe 
all men are lyres 1 ’’ 
A domestic, newly engaged, presented to his 
master, one morning, n pair of boots, the leg of 
one of which was much longer than the other. 
“How comes it, you rascal, that these boots are 
not of the same length ?" “ 1 really don’t know, 
sir; but what bothers me most is, that the iair 
down stairs is lu the same fix." 
A school girl of ten summers purchased a 
pair of boots. After wearing then one day, she 
found they had broken out. She took them 
back to the man she had bought them of, and, 
after examining them, he said:—“They were 
not taken in enough, wero they?" “No, she 
replied, “ but I was. The clerks smiled. 
In one of Cooper’s novels occurs t ho following 
passage:—“He dismounted in front of tjic 
house and tied his horse to a large locust.” A 
French author, In translating iliis passage, ren¬ 
ders it thus:—“ lie descended lrftm his horse in 
front of the chuteau and tied him to a large 
grasshopper." 
A sharp student was called up by the worthy 
professor of a celebrated college, and asked the 
question:—Can a man see without eyes? ” “ Yes, 
air," was the prompt reply. “How. sir," cried 
tlie astonished professor, "can u rutin see with¬ 
out eyes? Piny, air, how do you make that out? " 
“ He can see with one, sir." replied the ready- 
witted vouth; and the wholo class shouted with 
delight at the triumph over metaphysics. 
“You must admit, doctor," said n witty lady 
to a celebrated doctor of divinity, with whom 
she was arguing the question of the “equality of 
the sexes," that woman was created before 
man t" 
“ Well, really, madam,’* said the astonished di¬ 
vine, “I must ask you to prove your case." 
"That can be easily doue, sir. Was not Eve 
the first maid ?" 
“ Boy, the corn which you are hoeing there, 
appears to be quite small?' 
“ Yes, sir, wo planted little .corn.” 
“Hut it looks yellow." 
“ Yes. sir, Dad had to go all the way down to 
Uncle Nat’s to get valler corn to plant.” 
“ I shouldn’t think you would have more than 
half a or op." 
“ No, sir, we don’t expect but half a crop—we 
plant on shares.” . 
An irascible old gent, who formerly held the 
position of .justice of the peace, was going down 
the street one day, when a youth accosted him 
in a manner that did not conn: up to his honor's 
Idea of respect due litm. “Young man," said 
lie, “I fine you five dollars for contempt of 
court.” " Why, judge," said the offender, “ you 
are not in session." “This court," replied the 
w 
M4: ^ ^ *-^- i 
M ELODEONS 
ANAGRAMS OF RIVERS.-No. 1 
O! do Clove, King. Cil, 
Whip. Gape, I is no III, 
Sim Roust, Angel. Hal; 
Saint. Nootm, Amu Altha 
East Smitlifield, Pa. w. t. & 
t%T~ Answer in two weeks. 
SPk. 
- . 
W E HAVE MANUFACTURED 
Mclodeona and Organs twenty-two years, and 
will not risk our well-earned reputation by making 
cheap Instruments. 
We have not made a great reduction ill prices, and 
cannot, until a reduction in the price of lubor and 
material will warrant us in doing so. Organs are ad¬ 
vertised at fdO, Gold Watches at $15, etc., etc. Sensi¬ 
ble people can Judge of tbelr value. 
Instruments of our own make (twenty years old) 
are now valued by their owners as highly as the clay 
they were bought, und it Is our lutcntlon to sustain 
our old reputation. 
Illustrated Catalogues and Price Lists sent free 
to any address. A liberal discount to Churches and 
Clergymen. GEO. A. PRINCE & CO. 
_g. T. GORDON. 
JAMES BELLAK. 
PUZZLER ANSWERS, 
Compound Leaf.—(C lover.) 
Most of you think it is healthy, but W yatt 
and Carrie don’t agree with you. Can 
either of you tell me the reason for your 
opinion? You cannot? Then you were 
merely guessing, and both parties have 
guessed right and both parties have guessed 
wrong. You look puzzled at this state of 
affairs, and I will explain. 
MiRCKLi.ANEOtxs Kntoma No. 83.— Commit a sin 
twice and you will think It perfectly allowable. 
Problem No. 18.—158,745 square rods. 
158. 745-101X1 square rods. 
Cross-Word Enigma No. 10.—Cape Clear. 
Question No. 4.—Join the middle points of each 
side by straight linos as here shown. 
Agent in New York.... 
Agent in Philadelphia 
In answer to the applications we are constantly re¬ 
ceiving, requesting us to exchange our Organs for 
the cheap organs so extensively advertised, we must 
say posit ivdy that we cannot make sueli exchange on 
any terms. Our advice U, buy a good instrument, or 
,10UG ' GEO. A. PRINCE A CO. 
NEW ADVERTISEMENTS 
/ i HEAT BARGAINS! 
^ ilosiug Out, Preparatory to Removal. 
Our remaining stock of 
PIANOS, 2VI ELODEONS, 
And Smith's Unrivalled American Organs, 
FOR THE PARLOR, SCHOOLS AND CHURCHES, 
Will be s.ild in the next four weeks I ower than ever 
before gjftretl In this market, A [ao. second-hand Ksry, 
and two pipe Organa, Jurdlne's make, price #150 
and $i‘J50. Call ul the music rooms of PHILIP 
PHILLIPS & CO., 37 Union Square, Broadway, N. Y. 
All orders by mail promptly and carefully attended to. 
FEATHER-VEINED. PARALLEL-VEINED. 
(Catnip.) (Iris.) 
There are three varieties of net-veined 
leaves; the feather-veined, radiate-veined and 
triple-veined ; of these, the first named is the 
most common. The elm, cherry, beech, 
spearmint, catuip, Ac., &c., have one mid- 
vein running through their leaves, sending 
out branching veins from its sides, which, in 
turn, send out vcinulets interlacing with each 
other, and lhereby forming a net-work; 
these are called feather-veined leaves. 
This maple leaf has several veins of about 
the same size radiating from the base, each 
with its own veinlets and vcinulets, and is, 
therefore, called a radiate-veined leaf. 
The triple-veined leaf is when the lowest 
pair of veins are larger than those above 
them, and extend with the mid-vein toward 
the summit. 
Leaves differ from each other in form, tex¬ 
ture, size, color, surface, margin, &c., Ac., 
SPOONS AND FORKS. 
Base of finest quality of Nickel Silver; weight of 
pure silver deposited thereon indicated by figures 
pluinly slumped upon the buck, and f ully guaranteed. 
Also complete table outfits In Plat fit It ,ire and Cut¬ 
lery. A DA VIS, CIIA NDLKIt A: CO., 
Manufacturers, No. 20 John St., New York. 
Send for Price List and Copy of Guarantee. 
A recent discovery that steel when made to rotate 
upon glass and similur substances will cut with more 
rapidity and ease, and is 
CHEAPER, BETTER AND MORE DURABLE 
than the 
BEST DI AMOND. 
INVALUABLE TO EVERY FAMILY. 
NO TOOL-CHEST COMPLETE WITHOUT IT. 
Sent free by mail on receipt Of price, $2 each. 
Agents wanted. 
J. RUSSELL 6l CO., 
GREEN RIVER CUTLERY WORKS, 
t»3 Beckman *(., New York City 
Radiate-veined.— (Maple.) 
Digestion and respiration are seemingly 
opposite to each other. The former con¬ 
sists in drawing in the carbonic acid and 
oxygen from the air, decomposing it, retain¬ 
ing the carbon, and sending out oxygen; 
the latter process consists in absorbing the 
same gases from the air, retaining the oxy¬ 
gen and returning the carbonic acid. Di¬ 
gestion takes place only by day, but is much 
more rapid than respiration; consequently 
the amount of oxygen sent out by this pro- 
|jON>T USE SAUEKATUS! 
It corrodes the lining of the stomach ! 
II OR.-.POHIt'S SF.LF-RA I ST NO 
BREAD PREPARATION, 
Prepared by Prof. R. N. HORSFORD of Harvard 
University, contain*) no Suleratus. Bread, Biscuit, 
Mntilns, Ac., made with this Preparation, can bo 
oaten hot by Invalids and Dyspeptic*. 
Send for tho printed opinions of Baron LIEBIG 
of Germany, Prof. DORKMU8 of Now York, Dr. C 
T. JACKSON. Mass. State Chemist. 
WILSON. LOCKWOOD, EVKKK'TT & CO., 
201 Fulton St., New York, General Agents. 
