\amtstk feWnomn* 
CONDUCTED BY MARY A. E. WAGED. 
MISS COLMAN’S SIXTH LECTURE. 
Fruits—Canning, Jellying) I’lTMervIng—Mis¬ 
cellaneous Directions Bills of Fure. 
The general carelessness and Ignorance 
exhibited in cookery led her to look into the 
matter seriously and earnestly. Her whole 
aim was to find the truth, and that, only, and 
she had sought for it, wherever she could 
find it, in others’ experiences as well as her 
own. Her object in giving the lectures was 
to impress upon others the need of reform 
in cookery, and what she said she did not 
claim to be wholly original with herself. 
She wished to show how not to spoil and 
Injure the food given us for nourishment. 
She fully appreciates how many good con¬ 
stitutions ary broken by improper eating. 
As life decreases more and more each gen¬ 
eration, we may well ask why this is so. 
Our forefathers, centuries ago, whose food 
was simple and largely of the natural state, 
lived hundreds of years. Gradually the 
gratification of appetites assumed greater 
proportions, and length of life grew cor¬ 
respondingly less. If the ill effects of wrong 
eating were only Confined to t he transgressor, 
it wouid not he so deplorable. But it is a 
sin that oftenor finds greater development in 
the bodies of the children. 
We were originally intended to live for¬ 
ever. Quakers, or Friends, who do not in¬ 
dulge in drink, or undergo much excitement, 
and whose lmbits of life are simple, live 
much longer than other people. Statistics 
show that in one place in England, where 
there had been a community of Friends four 
hundred years, none had died under forty- 
eight years of age; and the average age of 
t hose born in the community was fifty-seven. 
Similar results have been seen in this coun¬ 
try. In London the average ago is two 
years and nine months, showing the painful 
mortality among children. 
Meat and salt-eating tempts to drinking, 
and is the chief cause of thirst. In early 
years drinks were mudeofthe fresh expressed 
juices of fruits. All grains, fruits amis eeds 
have the principle of life in them, or are 
alive, usually, until we use them. Alcohol 
is the destructible element in fruits. It. is 
equally destructive when put into the 
stomach. It wages a deadly warfare against 
the human system. God intended it for a 
purpose, and one of its purposes is, by attract¬ 
ing water and moisture, to wash away rotten 
and decaying substances sooner. Our stom¬ 
ach feels poison as soon as our lingers feel fire. 
I wish to show you by ibis the danger and 
folly of making domestic wines; aud more¬ 
over the unkiiidiicss of giving the rotten, 
fermented and poisonous stull’to our friends. 
We ought never to drink wine with our food, 
for the mucous membrane pours out all its 
water to wash away the alcohol in it. Fruits, 
preserved in brandy, are execrably deleteri¬ 
ous. The stomach has to wash out the 
brandy before it cun attend to digesting the 
food. 
Vinegar is next bad to alcohol,—not so 
poisonous, but innutritions. 
The laws of health ought to be on the 
tongue’s end, so familiar to us as to he a 
second nature and made use of unconsciously. 
Fruits were the first food given to man; 
next, grains. Man’s teeth are most like those 
of the quadrumana, which live on fruits 
almost entirely. Fruit is inviting, sharpens 
our taste, and should be eaten. Children 
are often denied fruit on [ilea of its hurting 
them. Give them nil the fruit they want, 
only give it at meal time. It is usually given 
to them between meals, or when they are 
already full, when anything else would be 
injurious. Fruits often tempt us to eat them 
when they arc unfit to be eaten, and to drink 
their juices after decay has begun. 
Acids are needed in the stomach by health¬ 
ful systems, but they should be natural acids, 
as in fruits, and we should always have them 
on the table, in some form. VVe have fairly 
»'hvoted our stomachs into digesting falx, if 
that be possible, and we use them by far too 
much in lieu of fruits. Fruit, toasts may be 
made by pouring stowed fruit over toasted 
bread. Fine bread and butter and tea all 
tax the system to get rid of it and digest it. 
Butter is a. concentrated article, and heating, 
and, by some, said to lie innutritions, which 
' H quite the reverse of popular acceptation. 
Melted butter, as 1 have before said, is very 
difficult to get rid of. 
For supper, I would have some fruit dish, 
Iniit loaf or pudding. Pearl barley, sago, or 
bread pudding, with fruits and fruit juice 
sauces. Sugar is another concentrated ar- 
tiele, and vitiates our appetites as to flavors. 
Have apples always if you can. Eat them 
Hist and last it you like. Do not, sweeten 
jour fruits too much. We use | more sugar 
than any other people on the face of the 
earth, and we wonder we are ho lean aud 
delicate, to say naught of the heavj r sugar 
bills most houses foot up in the course of a 
year. 
Cook sweet and sour fruits together — 
apples with cranberries or quinces; dried 
apples with rhubarb, lemon, cherries or ber¬ 
ries. Cook fruits slowly and keep in all the 
aroma possible. A nice way to cook ap¬ 
ples is to put them in a sealed jar and place 
in an oven for an hour. To seal a jar put 
moistened flour around the edge of the 
cover. Cook fruits in porcelain or earthen— 
never in metal. Red earthen is objectiona¬ 
ble. Use wooden spoons instead of iron 
ones to stir fruits. 
Spices are objectionable, if used in stimu¬ 
lating quantities. Anything preserved in 
salt or sugar, so as to resist the action of the 
air, is to he avoided. Do not cook salt in 
your food; very much less will he used 
thereby. A cook can control her family bj r 
not telling them just how and what she is 
going to do. 
Some of you have asked about fish. I do 
not think animal (bod best for the highest 
intellectual development. And in selecting 
animals and birds, we eschew those that live 
on animal food, as the hyena and owl. 
Fish live on fish, and are of a cold and 
sluggish nature at best. I do not object to 
shell fish so much. 
To return to fruits. Apples are best baked. 
Boiled with lemon, are nice. Water should 
be added if the fruit is nut sufficiently juicy. 
There is as much difference in good and bad 
apple sauce as in the same kinds of bread. 
Dried fruit, needs more water than fresh. A 
fine dish of baked apples may he made by 
paring, digging out the cores, and filling the 
vacuum with blanched chestnuts, or almonds, 
mid baking slowly until done. Apples cut, 
quartered, and cored, and stewed in cran¬ 
berry juice, are nice. Apples ami grapes, 
with a teaspoonful of oatmeal thickened in 
cranberry sauce and stirred in, is also nice. 
Toast with stewed huckleberries. Fears are 
very desirable. Flavor with a little ginger 
root or lemon. About strawberries, although 
not in season. If ripe and sweet, cook nice, 
and make alternate layers, sprinkling a little, 
sugar over each layer of fruit. Make in a 
pyramid form—a substitute for strawberry 
shortcake. Cherries are good slewed with 
raspberries. A tempting ambrosia for sup¬ 
per may lie made by cutting oranges in 
small pieces, grating cocoaniit, and placing 
them together in alternate layers. Cocoanut 
needs thorough mastication. Raspberries 
need no sugar. Poaches are good for pies 
without sugar. Peaches are good stewed 
with dried quinces. In the spring stew dried 
apples with rhubarb. Molasses is more 
healthful than sugar, because not so concen¬ 
trated or so fully disorganized. Domestic 
fruits and productions are better suited to 
our needs than foreign fruits. The provision 
God has made for the wants of all his chil¬ 
dren in all dimes, is wonderful when we 
once appreciate it. 
-♦♦♦- 
HOME-MADE BRACKETS. 
I offer a few designs of brackets for 
lamps, brush, or nick-nacks, to be made of 
pieces of pine, chestnut, maple, walnut, or 
other wood, half inch or less t hick, and oiled 
or varnished. 
/r> 
it 1 i 
cles of three inches diameter. For the shelf, 
make a half hexagon, or octagon, as the 
straight lines will make a pleasing contrast 
Scientific anb ^tscfitl. 
i a y 
I h-,^r<rv 
//"' ! ' "Ny ' ie.iyV 
' olftill. M li! 1 ill 111 111 iuil ii | K 
Figure 1. 
To produce Figure 1, lay out a square of 
nine inches. With a compass point placed 
midway between the corners on each side, 
strike four half circles, to form the scollops. 
Saw, or whittle out, the Shape given in the 
engraving, for the back or wall piece. If 
the shelf is required to be wide or deep, 
make it the half of a circle of eleven inches 
diameter; but if less width is preferred, use 
a narrower piece of a larger circle. Cut out 
a brace to put under the shelf. With brads 
nail all the parts firmly together. Bore the 
hole to hang up by, and it is complete. 
If 
... .Jitk, 
Figure 2. 
For Figure 2, a nine-inch square, with 
circles at each corner of two inches diameter, 
having holes bored in of half inch. Shell 
and brace as given in the design. Nail to¬ 
gether securely 
For Figure 3. make a circle of nine inches; 
at a distance within the circle of one inch, 
set the compass point to strike the four cir¬ 
Figure 3. 
with the curved lines. The brace to be of 
one simple curve and short straight part. In 
this design, if the shelf extends the total 
width of the back piece, it will look well. 
Figure 4. 
Figure 4 to he ten inches square. With 
auger bore two holes on each side of each 
corner, to produce the indentations; cut the 
lino straight from the inside of each hole to 
the corresponding one nearest to it on the 
same side. Mark out the proportions indi¬ 
cated iu the engraving, with compass and 
rule, or by the aid of paper pattern. The 
shelf should not extend farther than shown 
in the design. 
\ ‘ >'■ i'^'i ' j|; J 'i.jjE': S' 
Figure 5. Figure 6. 
Figure 5, by the aid of a paper pattern, 
can he easily marked out without other di¬ 
rections than already given for the other de¬ 
signs, and the accompanying engraving. 
Figure 0, a corner bracket is not so dilli- 
cult to construct as it would seem at first 
glance. Two wall pieces, cut out by pattern, 
and nailed together at a right angle, with 
shelfaffixed, are all that id required. W. H. 
New York, July, Isku. 
To Make Hlneltherry Wine. Mrs. Q reenough, 
in the Maine Farmer, says:- “There is no wine 
equal to blackberry wine when properly made, 
in flavor or for medicinal purposes, and all per¬ 
sons who can eoriveniently do so, should nuinu- 
fucturo enough for their own use every year, as 
it i* invaluable in sickness as a tonic, and nothing 
is a hotter remedy lor bowel complaint. F lliere- 
foro give the receipt for making it:- Measure 
your berries and bruise thorn; to every gallon 
add one quart of boiling water. Let the mixture 
stand twenty-four hours, stirring occasionally ; 
then strum off the liquor Into a cask; to every 
gallon add two pounds of sugar; car) right and 
let it slum! till the following October, and you 
will have wine ready for use without further 
labor, that every family will highly appreciate 
aud never do without afterwards If they cau 
help it.” 
-- 
Graham Bread. I am under a deep obligation 
to the Rural this year for advocating Hie neces¬ 
sity of using unbolted wheat meal. I laid soon 
extracts from Hull’s Journal of Health rocom 
mending Its uso before, bid could nut get iu the 
way of using it until I saw It so uldy discussed 
lathe UuiiAU, since which time 1 have used it 
considerably, aud I think my health bus im¬ 
proved ten per cent; indeed, 1 find it Just the 
thing for constipation. As I did not. get the 
paper with Miss Colmar's recipe for making, I 
have used it raised with yeast the same as other 
bread. Mr. Cable's brown bread is excellent; 
try it.—A CANADIAN. 
M l- 
To Banish Bed A ill*.-1 notice one of your 
correspondents asks what will banish red ants, 
and I enclose a slip, cut from the “Journal of 
Materia Medina," giving the required directions, 
it has proved (■•Undent with us: “Wash and 
wipe thoroughly your safes, cupboards, etc., 
then sprinkle on sail, mid rub it well Into the 
wood, not neglecting the cracks and crevices. 
This application, properly applied, will relieve 
you of their annoyance.” -Geo. W. Van Fleet, 
Pulankl , Pa. 
-m- 
To Preserve Fresh Meat.—If you have tin ice 
house or secure spring house in which to keep 
fresh meat in warm weather, dig a hole in the 
bottom of the shaded brook near you, put in an 
ordinary boiling pot or tin vessel, so that the 
water shall rise to within an inch or two of the 
top; put in your meat and place a cover on 
tightly.— a. x. 
-Ml- 
Lemon Extract. -Pleasetell Mrs. J.O. Johnson 
the way I make lemon extract. I buy an ounce 
of the oil of lemon and a pint of alcohol, put it. Iu 
a bottle, give it a good shaking, and cork ii up 
tight. It is a great deal stronger than what you 
buy ready made, and is a ball cheaper. J. 
McGeohge, Aroostook Co., Maine. 
-m- 
Renovating Wall-Paper. - Housekeepers will 
find the appearance of old wall-paper very much 
improved by rubbing it with a woolen cloth 
dipped in dry Indian meal. It removes the dust 
and smoko. Pieces of stale bread are equally 
efficacious. 
-m- 
To Banish A ms from Apartments.—Of all the 
methods advised, that of using rotten lemons is 
the most effectual, as the odor completely drives 
the ants away —II. Harriet , in L’Insectologie Ai/ri- 
cole. 
GREASING WAGONS. 
Tins is of more importance than wagon 
owners imagine. The following, from an 
unknown source, says the Coach maker’s 
Magazine, is valuable information on the 
subject, which we trust will be duly heeded : 
Few people are aware that they do wagons 
and carriages more injury by greasing too 
plentifully than in any other way. A well 
made, wheel will endure constant wear from 
tea to twenty-five years, if care is taken to 
use the right kind and proper amount, of 
grease; but if this matter is not attended to, 
they will be used up in five or six years. 
Lard should never bo used on a wagon, for 
it will penetrate the hub, and work its way 
out around the tenons of the spokes, and 
spoil the. wheel, 'fallow is the best lubri¬ 
cator for woollen axle trees, and castor oil for 
iron. Just grease enough should be applied 
to the spindle of a wagon to give it a. light 
coating; this is better than more, for the 
surplus put on will work out at the ends, 
and be forced by the shoulder bands and 
nut-washer into the hub around the outside 
of the boxes. To oil an iron axle-tree first 
wipe the spimlle clean with a cloth wet with 
spirts of turpentine, and then apply a few 
drops of castor oil near the shoulder and 
end. One teaspoonful is sufficient for the 
whole. 
We would add that for journals on which 
there is a heavy pressure it is a good plan to 
mix with the oil some lampblack or common 
soot. Powdered plumbago or black lead is 
also employed Ibr the same purpose. 
--- 
USEFUL AND SCIENTIFIC ITEMS. 
Kating Kigx with Artificial Teeth. — One 
word to those who like to eat figs, but think 
they cannot, because the seeds get under the 
plate, and that sensation is much like walk¬ 
ing on pens with bare feet. I have found 
how to cat figs and enjoy them. With a 
knife cut oil' all the outside of the fig, and 
eat it separate,; then the inside, not requir¬ 
ing much mastication, can easily he disposed 
of, the seeds not being troublesome. Try it. 
—Yankee. 
Form of Trunk * of Trees .—A paper was 
recently read before the Academy of Sci¬ 
ences, at Toulouse, to prove that the trunks 
of trees are not of a circular but of an ellip¬ 
tical form, the axis from cast to west being 
longer than that from north to south. The 
names of eight distinguished observers of the 
operat ions of nature are given as supporting 
the fact mentioned. 
(riant Powder— The new giant blasting 
powder is exciting great opposition among 
the miners of California, who assert that its 
fumes are more noxious than those of ordi¬ 
nary gunpowder. But its advantages are 
manifest. It has five limes the explosive 
force of gunpowder, and smaller drill holes 
are sufficient. According to a trial recently 
made, it appears that at the current rate of 
wages, it cost fo.Jl) a ton to extract quartz 
rock with gunpowder, and $2.00 with giant 
powder. 
Artificial Wrong is prepared by taking sixty 
parts of powdered seaweed, obtained by trea t¬ 
ing the seaweed for two hours in dilute sul 
pliuric acid, then drying and grinding it, and 
adding to it ten parts of liquid glue, live 
parks gutta-percha, and two and a hall parts 
of Lidia rubber, the last two dissolved in 
naphtha ; then adding ten parts of coal tar, 
five parts pulverized sulphur, two parts pul¬ 
verized alum, and live parts of powdered 
resin, and heating the mixture to about three 
hundred degrees Fahrenheit. We thus ob¬ 
tain, after the mass has become cold, a ma¬ 
terial which, in color, hardness and capa¬ 
bility of taking polish, is equal in every re¬ 
spect to ebony, and much cheaper. 
Halting Butter. —The question of sailing or 
not sailing blitter is now being agitated. It 
is claimed that salt is a foreign clement in 
butler and materially del rads from the rich¬ 
ness and delicacy of its flavor. The French 
do not salt their butter, and those who get 
accustomed to its use are said to find the 
taste of salted butter very offensive on return¬ 
ing to it again. Sugar may be worked into 
butter to advantage. 
A New Emetic. —A German chemist has 
discovered that if morphia, which is some¬ 
times used effectually to allay vomiting, be 
heated with hydrochloric acid it will become 
the most powerful emetic known. The 
effect is produced by introducing a small 
quantity under the skin and sometimes by 
spilling it on the skin, but the vomiting soon 
subsides and leaves no nausea. The dis¬ 
coverer calls the new agent ememorphia. 
Lend in U nnont. —Considerable interest is 
fell in Wallingford and Shrewsbury, Vb, up¬ 
on the discovery of a mountain of lead. This 
mountain formerly belonged to the late 
Mortem Dawson. Cast spring a son of his, 
in making sugar, built an arch of the loose 
stone found in that section. After adjusting 
his pan and kindling a lire, he noticed melted 
lead or solder run out of the fire. He sup¬ 
posed his pan was melting down, and remov¬ 
ed it, but found it entire, and also found that 
the melted metal came from the stones of the 
arch. A gentleman who has bought quite a 
tract of this mountain, lias blasted out some 
of the rock and sent specimens to Washing¬ 
ton, New York and Boston Ibr examination. 
Lighting the Stomach .—A Canadian paper 
makes the following curious statement: — 
“M. Milliatt, in France, introduces into the 
stomach glass tubes of small caliber, connect¬ 
ed with a strong battery, and containing the 
electrodes necessary Ibr producing a brilliant, 
galvanic light.. Tumors or ulcers in the 
abdomen can thus be observed through the 
skin, and the interior lit up as when the 
feeble light of a candle renders the lingers 
translucent.” 
Tan Bark is becoming dear, and better 
means of utilizing it are being discovered. 
The first great improvement is to reduce it to 
powder, instead of the coarse grinding that 
is usual. Twenty per cent more of tanning 
is thus obtained by leaching it in cold water, 
driven into the mass by powerful hydraulic 
machinery, than by the old methods. Hot 
water gives still greater yield, but it also ex¬ 
tracts some new element injurious to leather. 
New Wag to Skim J/Mj.—A private soldier 
in California has invented a new method for 
skimming milk. He tits a finegauze sieve to 
a hoop of the size of the pan. The milk is 
then poured into the pan so as to a little more 
than cover the sieve. When the cream has 
risen the hoop is lilted and the cream is Ilui 3 
completely removed. 
mxtvCxt Information; 
DON’T BATHE TOO MUCH. 
Sea and river bathing are now in order, 
and it is to he hoped that people will not 
indulge iu those luxuries with recklessness. 
Many constitutions are sadly shattered every 
summer by too much bathing. Bathing is a 
good tiling employed in moderation; but 
immoderately enjoying it becomes a very 
dangerous and damaging tiling. Only the 
most robust and soundest system can long 
stand daily sea or river immersions without 
becoming impaired. Persons afflicted by 
organic disabilities should bathe in the sea 
or river not oftener than every other day, and 
in no event should they remain in the water 
longer than ten or fifteen minutes. Any in¬ 
dulgence in bathing extending to half an hour 
or an hour (which is more frequently the rule 
than the exception) is highly injurious, al¬ 
though the injury may not bo immediately 
apparent. 
-- 
About Felon*.—I wish to tell “A Physician,’’ 
and Others, that there 1 b a way to cure a felon, 
not quite so sharp and short us his way to bo 
sure, yet I think not quite so trying to tho 
nerves. When you are quite sure It is a felon, 
which will be in about twenty-four hours from 
thO time it commences to pain, mix about a 
tableapooul'ul of soft soap, and the same quan¬ 
tity of good lime, in a teacup; then take a piece 
of this, about as largo as a pen, and bind It over 
tho part affected: renew it every few minutes, 
or as often as it guts dry, and in Ihe course of a 
few hours It will have eaten a hole into tho sore, 
or near it, no that, it can have veut. It Ih rather 
severe, but many a woman lias proved its efficacy 
to my knowledge. One oe Them. 
-— — — 
After Blniier Nap*.—Tho Herald of Health 
says“ Many persons are Iu the habit, of Bleep¬ 
ing lor ball'an hour or an hour Immediately after 
dinner. This is a bad practice. Ten minutes 
sleep before dinner is worth more than mi hour 
after. It rests and refreshes, and prepares tho 
system for vigorous digestion. If sleep Is taken 
after dinner it. should be in a sitting posture, as 
the horizontal position is unfavorable to honllli- 
l ul digestion. Lot those who need rest and sloop 
during the day take it before dinner Instead of 
after, and they will soon find that they feel bet¬ 
ter, and that tlicir digestion will bo improved 
thereby.'’ 
-♦-*»- 
Hnndowcr Need Ten A Remedy for Hummer 
Complaint,—A correspondent, of the Scion tide 
American says that a tea made of tho seeds of 
the sunflower, roasted like coffee berries. Is nil 
admirable remedy for all species of summer 
complaint. A half pint of the seed is sufficient, 
ft should bo remembered, however, that, serious 
results often follow the too sudden stoppage of 
diarrhea by astringents, and with this, us all 
remedies of a similar nature, caution should bo 
Died. 
-- 
Kmoiling bad for Children.—Children should 
never be allowed to remain In a room where peo¬ 
ple arc smoking I have known many children 
ruined by breathing day after day the vile smoko 
of tho fal her’s cigar,and sometimes the mother's 
pipe, ft'a parentis so ignorant of the laws of 
life ns lo smoke where young children live, he is 
a barbarian, indeed.— Herald of Health. 
■ •** - 
A Certain Cure for hmnll Pox.—Sulphate of 
zinc, one grain; fox glove, (dty/Uolte,) one grain; 
one-hall teaspoonful of sugar; mix with two 
teuspoonfuls of water. When well mixed, add 
four ounces of water. Take a spoonful every 
hour. The disease disappears in twelve hours.- 
K. a. u., JR. 
•»«-- 
Remedy for Colic, Cholera, Ac. Equal parts 
of the tinctures of myrrh and capsicum and 
valerian. Dose, one tcaspoonful. A splendid 
remedy.—r. u. w. 
. -- 
Bnake-BIte Cure.— David Landon applies a 
mortar of blue clay a few hours. He knows a 
horse that was cured the past season by one up 
plication. 
