them, rmrt pells from thorn over one million 
of plants, beside the cut flowers wfiieli he 
wholesales to bouquet makers. ITe start¬ 
ed, u« we have before said, with one thou 
sand square feet of glass, and now has 
thirty-five thousand square feet. One-twelfth 
of this space is devoted to propagating 
proper — the other eleven * twelfths being 
needed for the proper development of the 
plants which are born in the one-twelfth. 
The growth of the plant and flower trade 
in New York has been steady and constant 
with the growth of population. There have 
been no sudden, sensational, speculative 
epochs in its history. Flowers have come to 
he more and more fashionable; and while 
twenty-five years ago the largest cash re¬ 
ceipts for New Year’s orders by one florist 
would not exceed $200, now they will often 
exceed $0,000. With this increasing demand 
Mr. IIi.XDKR son’s business lias kept pace. 
Of the details that business we have not 
space here and now to speak. He lias 
placed on record, in ids work entitled 
“ Practical Floriculture,” a detailed descrip¬ 
tion of the construction of the houses we 
illustrate; also of the processes by which 
plants and (lowers are produced and pre¬ 
pared for market. Of these, and of the 
novelties and meritorious plants which are 
found here and at other similar institutions 
hereabout, we shall write from time to time, 
upon occasion. 
- -4 t ♦- 
Gossip from tlie Northwest. 
EASY WAY TO PROPAGATE ROSES. 
Fon many years I have pract iced budding 
choice and fancy roses on the old Maiden’s 
131usb stock, with most complete success. 
This old rose is in almost every garden, and 
suckers very freely. Suckers of the present 
yem-’s growth only should be used, with 
well-matured buds from shoots which have 
cast their blooms several days. The buds 
always take well and grow immediately. 
Souvenir do Malmaison or Giant of Butties 
will bloom In a month from the time of bud¬ 
ding. Of course all suckers must be care¬ 
fully kept down. This stock is so hardy and 
vigorous that till the fine roses bloom better 
on it than on their own roots, and 1 prefer to 
have most of my stock grown in this way. 
JIanetti is also recommended for stocks, but 
I do not like it as well ns that above named, 
Northwest. 
-r--- 
SAVING AND SOWING FUCHSIA 
SEED. 
t 
This berries should bo left on tlic plant 
until tliey are quite black, and readily part 
from it; then with the lingers squeeze thorn 
in a basin of water unt il the seeds arc separ¬ 
ated from the pulp, They will then sink to 
the bottom. Next drain oil’ the water and 
pulp, and set the basin on its side in a dry 
place, so as to dry the seeds. When dry, 
wrap them up in paper, and keep them until 
spring. They may be sown at t he beginning 
ot March; or, if now ripe, we would sow 
forthwith. Sou in pots or pans, well drained, 
and filled to within a quarter of an inch of 
the rim with a compost of two-thirds sandy, 
fibrous loam, one-third leaf-mold, and about 
one-sixth of silver sand. The compost, should 
be sifted. Place Ihe soil remaining in the 
sieve over the crocks to the depth of an inch, 
and on it the sided soil. Level the surface 
by pressing it with the bottom of a small 
flower-pot. Scatter the seeds rather thinly 
and evenly, and cover them lightly to a 
depth about equal to the thickness of the 
seed. Give a gentle watering, and place the 
pots in a house where there is a temperature 
of from fifty-five to sixty degrees at night, 
and from seventy to eighty degrees by day, 
keeping the soil moist, and near the glass. 
When the plants appear, afford plenty of 
light and air, and by degrees harden them 
off. The pot. or pan may ho placed in a hot¬ 
bed, and the seedlings forwarded there until 
they are of sufficient size to bo put singly in 
small pots. Tiiis should he done as soon as 
they can well be handled; and after potting 
they must lie returned to the hot-bed, and 
kept there until they become again estab¬ 
lished; then harden them off, and remove to 
an airy position in the green-house. A shelf 
near the glass is the most suitable place.— 
London Gardener. 
-- 
A New White Verbena.—The Journal of Horti¬ 
culture says Wr,i.i. wood Young, Now Bedford, 
Mass., lias cultivated for several years a beauti¬ 
ful seedling white verbena of his own raising, 
which has neither been named nor distributed 
up to the present season. Ho lias now named it 
*• Mrs. Morrlck,” and it will be found a valuable 
addition to our list of white verbenas. 
• - - 
Paulownia Imperialls.-C. C. COOLEY, Adams 
Co., O., writes us (hat this tree was a perfect 
beauty when in bloom: that “ it was loaded with 
tens of thousands of large blue flowers. The 
flowers grow in long panclics of from seventy- 
five to one hundred in a cluster, all opon at one 
time. They have as fine n texture as a tulip, re¬ 
main from two to three weeks, and are as fra¬ 
grant as a hyacinth." 
—-♦~ 4 ~*- 
Tuberose.—A lady asks what variety of Tube¬ 
rose is most grown. That most grown here for 
bouquets is PoUantlies tuberom plena— the double 
variety. The single variety Is much grown, be¬ 
cause it is earlier. 
First and foremost, the weather. Did 
anybody, not excepting that mythical per¬ 
sonage, the oldest inhabitant, ever before ex¬ 
perience such a cold, wet May and June ns 
those Just passed, or such a wet and cold 
July as that now passing V As everybody 
says so, it must be so. Give up, good Rural 
renders, hopes of large crops and supplies of 
breadstuff's this year from the granary of the 
country. Corn is past all hope now of half 
a crop, even with a miracle; and the days 
for these are gone. Small grain and grass 
would be good if there was any weather to 
cure them, but how can the)' possibly be 
saved, with two or three showers a day, and 
a deluge or a flood thrown in by way of va¬ 
riety? The oats are already rotting in the 
fields; so is what wheat, is cut, and in that 
yet standing the grain is dropping from the 
heads. Such wide-spread devastation from 
rains and floods is certainly unprecedented. 
Wet seasons usually come in cycles. This 
one is an exception. We had them in 1844, 
1851, 1858 and 18(35 — every seven years, 
lias the eclipse, now fast approaching, any 
influence over Jupitcr Pluvius ? Who knows V 
At all events, such persistent wot weather, 
over such a vast extent of country, deserves 
study and consideration. Our farmers are 
generally independent, and can afford to lose 
a crop, but can the country at large bear 
such a disaster, and not fed it in a financial 
crisis? We shall see before the lapse of 
another year. 
What Has Been. 
Fortunately for mankind, practical science, 
in the shape of great ships and railways, and 
other improved modes of transportation, 
with telegraphs and postal services, has in a 
great measure obviated the famines and pes¬ 
tilences which history so inseparably associ¬ 
ates with our race. They are unknown to 
the present generation, at. least outside of 
the Asiatic possessions of that pest and dis¬ 
grace of the world, Great Britain, where 
millions of people have perished of starva¬ 
tion within the last few years, solely owing 
to the iniquities and mis-government of their 
wicked conquerors and rulers. Yet we havo 
had some very singular seasons within a 
century. The Wheeling Intelligencer makes 
ihe following extract from an old family 
Bible, which shows that snow snoring and 
frosts in May are possible, oven in the An¬ 
cient Dominion : 
“ The Almighty Being showed His dis¬ 
pleasure with the children of men for their 
disobedience and hard heartedness, by smit¬ 
ing the green grain and every green tree and 
shrub, almost, in this part of the country, so 
that it appeared like autumn or winter, 
everything looked go scorched and killed 
with snow, which fell on the first of the pres¬ 
ent month, and a dreadful frost on this day. 
“This memorandum I take, that the time 
might not he forgotten, nor the cause neg¬ 
lected, but that, we might turn from our 
wickedness and live.” 
William Dillon. 
Loudon Co., Va., May 3, 1774. 
“ The cold summer of 1810” is n?it so far 
ill the past, as to be unknown to some now 
living. Throughout America and Europe 
it was said to be the coldest ever known. 
The following notes arc transcribed from a 
journal made at that time: 
January, 1816, was unusually mild. The 
previous December had been cold. 
February was also mild. 
March was boisterous, but not unusually 
so. There were great lresliets in the West¬ 
ern rivers. 
April began warm, but ended in snow 
and ice. 
May was colder than any of the previous 
months. The buds and blossoms which in¬ 
stinctively came forth, unconscious of any 
unusual phenomena, were generally de¬ 
stroyed. 
June was as cold as May. Frost and 
snow were common every day. Snow fell 
in New England several inches deep. 
July was also a frosty month. On the 
5th ice formed all over New England and 
the Middle States. 
August was even colder than July. Icq 
u’as made more than half an inch thick. A 
few corn fields which had previously escaped 
were totally killed. Almost every green 
thing was destroyed in both hemispheres. 
English journals said that “1810 will ever 
be remembered as a year in which there was 
no summer.” 
September, in the first, half, was the mild¬ 
est month of the season. The last half, 
however, was cold and icy. 
October was also cold and frosty, as wa 3 
November, while December was unusually 
mild. Fortunately the ensuing winter was 
ao warm that much misery was mitigated. 
Seed corn sold in the spring of 1817 for four 
and five dollars a bushel in New England. 
Scarcely any vegetation matured in the 
Eastern States. The sun’s rays seemed en¬ 
tirely destitute of heat for warmth and the 
minds of men became painfully anxious as 
to the future. What would become of them 
all if such seasons were to continue ? 
On the 21st of May, 1851, a most severe 
frost raged, and destroyed all the fruits from 
the Mississippi River to the Atlantic Ocean. 
In Chicago the ice persistently formed all 
day in the afreets, with a bright, sun shining 
all the time. 
Bocil time and harvest we are promised by 
the Great Giver of all good, shall never fail. 
Even this pledge lias some exceptions. The 
loss of a crop in a country so vast as the 
gn at West, is a most serious matter, involv¬ 
ing many millions of dollars, and the welfare 
of millions of human beings. 
Potatoes an Exception to tlic General Rule. 
Water, in excess, is fatal to most crops, 
but potatoes seem to be an exception. Early 
Goodriches, planted April 2ft, which did not 
come up till May 14, were in eating condi¬ 
tion June 21,—fifty-six days. Belter pota¬ 
toes could not be desired, Borne of them 
now weigh fully half a pound, and the con¬ 
tinued saturation with water is causing some 
rot. Potato growers who can command a 
field capable of irrigation would do well to 
take the hint, and plant such ground in pref¬ 
erence to any other. They bear water well 
three or four times a week, from the time 
they come up till they blossom, when it 
ought to be turned off. Without exaggera¬ 
tion, a small field of Early Goodriches have, 
so far as dug, yielded eight hundred bushels 
to the acre. 
Effects of Itain on Fruits. 
Cold, wot weather, it is well known, 
makes small fruits very large, but also very 
sour. Tiiis is the case this year. Murky 
weather is also very unfavorable for all per¬ 
ishable substances, more so than much hot¬ 
ter and drier seasons. If lias been almost 
impossible to market small Cm its this year. 
As the crop lias been very large, great losses 
have occurred. Cherries are so abundant as 
to be given away to those who will pick 
them. Concord, Hartford and Catawba 
grapes are pretty much total failures; Dela¬ 
wares, Isabellas and Clintons arc uninjured, 
but these are not generally cultivated. The 
wine crop will go with the rest this year. 
Insects in apples and pears are pretty much 
unknown, but. the absence of sun and heat, 
makes them very knotty and rough. These 
may also be considered as ruined by the rains. 
Tens iu ilte Northwest. 
Tlic rainy weather lias made very ram¬ 
pant vines, biiFganjen peas have done pret 
ty well. One of your correspondents further 
If plaster is applied 
ashes and hen manure, 
it is put. on broadcast. 
After giving me his approved method of 
raising corn, he took me out to see his wheat 
and oat fields, which were entirely free from 
weeds and thistles of any kind. Why, it 
must be a real pleasure t o bind and handle 
such beautiful fields of grain. What a con¬ 
trast is such a way of farming to the shiftless, 
slip-shod method many pursue, where ent ire 
fields of grain arc rendered unsightly to tlic 
eye, and painful to the touch, by weeds and 
t histles that monopolize the ground. Though 
Mr. D. has hut fifty nercs, lie keeps two men 
constantly employed, connecting a regular 
system of farm improvement with his usual 
amount «fcrops. 
As for grain in Ihe bushel, he said he could 
compare figures with many farmers with 
three times as much land; and I believed 
bim, ns I looked at his magnificent fields, so 
even and regular, and not a weed to be seen. 
In conclusion, 1 may say that I was both 
pleased and benefited by my visit to Mr. D.’s 
tavin. lie is a fanner who takes a pride in 
his business, and I commend his enterprise 
and example to your readers. h. k. f. 
North Chili. N. Y. 
-- 
fFtirm (fronomiK 
Mi 
SOIL ANALYSIS. 
east gives our experience with Carter’s First 
Crop and Champion peas. The Early May, 
or Kent, is an excellent intermediate variety. 
With these three sorts, any grower who de¬ 
sires abundant supplies of this delicious veg¬ 
etable will never be disappointed. Saxton’s 
Prolific, a fancy English sort, which sold last 
winter at. only five dollars a quart, is of in¬ 
ferior quality to any of the Others named, 
and is also unusually subject to attacks of 
pea bugs. If wc could have a bush or dwarf 
syrt as prolific and good as the above, per¬ 
fection would be more nearly attained in 
peas than in any other vegetable or fruit. 
This should be the aim of improvers now. 
We have a great many more sorts already 
than are neeessary. N obth west. 
-- 
CORN CULTURE. 
“PLANTING A SECOND CROP OF 
POTATOES.” 
Tn the Rural for July 17th, L. H.. of Mem¬ 
phis, Tenn., inquires " Will potatoes grown this 
year, that are ripe, produce a second crop?" 
Tho substance ot the reply to tiiis inquiry is 
lbat, if the seed s matured, and proper condi¬ 
tions brought \< bear, the experiment, might he 
made suceessfu’. 
In January last I sent a lot of Early Rose po¬ 
tatoes to my la-other’s plantation on James 
i dand, S. with a request that, he would plant 
thorn, an-.l when fully ripe forward a portion of 
Ids crop to mo, in New Jersey. 
Oil thoCCth of May tho potatoes arrived at our 
farm, and, as far a* I was capable of judging, 
they wore fully matured. The shin was firmly 
tot, the eyes prominent and well developed. I 
planted thorn at oueo, on heavy eiay soil, in 
good "heart,” the land having- been previously 
well prepared, I did not cut the seed, and 
covered with about, four inches of mellow soil. 
I waited patiently to witness some signs of 
sprouting, hat I had to wait In vain. For throe 
weeks no apparent change took place,but at tho 
end ot that time the potatoes began to decay, 
and continued until the six beds that 1 planted 
disappeared. The experiment with me was a 
failure, although I took nil necessary precaution 
to make It a success. I intend, however, to give 
it a further trial next year.— P. T. Quinn, New¬ 
ark , N. J„ July Unit 1800. 
We have known of other instances of 
failure of this character; but we know no 
physiological reason why potatoes should 
not, reproduce themselves the same season, 
provided they are fully matured, and the 
conditions ol germination and growth are 
complied with. If any one who has made 
vegetable physiology an especial study can 
give such a reason it will both interest and 
benefit many cultivators. 
An Approved .Method. 
In this section wheat monopolizes the chief 
attention, and the culture of corn is made a 
secondary matter. Now and then, however, 
I find a farmer who makes corn a specialty 
or has such marked success in raising it as 
to make him worthy of notice. Buck a 
fenner is Charles Dewey, Esq., of this 
town, upon whom I lately called to get the 
secret of his success in raising com. Though 
he disclaimed making it a specialty, and 
hoped I would not put him in the papers, he 
courteously and briefly detailed his method. 
The kind he plants he has used for fifteen 
years, and during this period he has never 
failed of having a good corn crop, his fields 
averaging from oue hundred to one hundred 
and sixty bushels of ears per acre. Ho 
plants the twelve-rowed yellow corn which 
has been long used by the farmers of 'West¬ 
ern Massachusetts, who have been at great 
pains to obtain a variety suitable to their 
climate. It is known there as the Ilawley 
corn. 
Speaking of corn, Mr. D. said it was the 
most certain crop raised; and if a farmer did 
not raise a good crop he was to blame. As 
for himself he said lie could not a fiord to 
raise a poor crop of corn. He has this year 
a field of ten acres,planted May 30th, which 
he has cultivated eight times and hoed /wire. 
Besides this, he has been through a portion 
ol the field three times, planting in and de¬ 
stroying the grubs, which lie does by digging 
them out with a piece of shingle. He hills 
his corn, because it stands up as well and 
ears better. Flat culture might do for others, 
but did not suit him. ITe plows his manure 
in and thoroughly incorporates it with the 
soil. For top dressing lie uses a mixture of 
WHAT AILS THE HOPS? 
What is the matter with the hop vines ? 
I have a small yard of eighty hills, two years 
set, which, uulil now, have been the admira¬ 
tion of all who have seen them. They are 
dying, root and branch. The stalks turn 
yellow, leaves dry up and full off, and finally 
the whole is dead. Being told that it was 
the grub, with an experienced hand, yester¬ 
day, I dug up a hill, and found the whole 
root soft, spongy, and all dying, but no grub. 
Borne fifteen to twenty hills of the eighty are 
affected more or less, md, to all appearances, 
all will be. They were heavily manured 
last fall. N. Hatch. 
Holly, N. Y. 
-- 
A New Find or Cot ton.-The Madrid Cadet a 
dc los Camillas <lc Hierro says that a new kind of 
cotton, called bubuy, is now cultivated in the 
Philippine Islands, through the exertions of a 
missionary, Father Rivas. The tree which pro¬ 
duces it is of very large size; it begins toyield in 
Its fourth year; after the fifth, it Inis generally 
attained tho thickness of a man's body. Its pods 
measure from three to four inches; ono hundred 
of them will make up three pounds of c-otton, 
which cleansed, arc paid at the rate of nine pl¬ 
asters (nlue dollars) per hundred weight. 
-■*-*-*- 
Early Rose mid Early Goodrich Potatoes.—N. 
R. H., Pultney, Vt„ planted these varieties of 
potatoes on adjoining grounds April 28, and 
June 20 found the Early Rose tubers as largo as 
hen’s eggs, while the Early Goodrich's were not 
larger than common hickory mils. This expe¬ 
rience Is the reverse of S. T. T„ Sedalia, Mo., 
(see page 400 Kehai.,) and admitting that each 
had the same varieties of potato, true to name, 
N. R H. asks whether it is soil and locality 
causes this difference. We can conceive no 
other reason for the difference. 
Sample Georgia heat.— Inclosed find sample 
Georgia wheat. From three acres common land, 
slightly fertilized with cotton seed and stable 
manure, I tilraslied out ninety-two and a half 
bushels, which weighed sixty-three and a half 
pounds per bushed.-B- II. T hue, Madison, Ga. 
The sample of wheat accompanying the fore¬ 
going was excellent. 
A Single Clover Root—W. AY. Fisnr.R. Cassa- 
daga. N. Y ., writes us July IT:—I have this day 
cut til ty-tliree stalks of red clover from one root 
with four hundred and twelve blossom buds or 
heads." 
- 
Qunck Grass.—J. D. D., Lockport. — Quaelc 
grass will seed, and you should cut it before it 
does. But you have as much to fear from the 
roots. See Bubal Juue 20, page 409. 
Having spoken favorably of soil analysis 
by expert chemists in the Rural, as a 
means of obtaining valuable information in 
many cases, and Ihe practice having been 
condemned by ono or more writers who 
ought to be better informed, attention is in¬ 
vited to the following remarks of Dr. 
Voklcker, Chemist to the Royal Agricul¬ 
tural Society of England, on this subject: 
“ The extreme poverty of this soil in avail¬ 
able potash, at once intelligibly explains the 
benefits which botli clover seeds and Italian 
rye grass derived from the application of 
muriate of potash, and presents us with a 
good illustration of the utility of chemical 
analysis and the aid of the chemist, of which 
the practical farmer may occasionally avail 
himself wiLli advantage. The an nly sis cl early 
points out a deficiency of potash, and also of 
phosphoric acid ; and hence the employment 
of potash manures on land of that descrip¬ 
tion may be recommended with confidence. 
The composition of land, like that of the ex¬ 
perimental field, moreover shows that lime 
or clay marl may be applied to it with ad¬ 
vantage, and that it is impossible to grow 
any good roots, or bailey, or wheat, or 
clover on land of that character without 
giving it a liberal dressing of phosphoric 
manures.” 
The above is copied from an article “ On 
Field Experiments on Clover Seeds and per¬ 
manent Pasture,” by Dr, Voelcker, in tlic 
Journal of the Royal Agricultural Boc-ic-tv, 
second scries, voi. 5, 18(39. It is the matured 
views of ono justly regarded as the highest 
scientific authority in England. The Lon- 
don Times of a late date contains a column 
in praise of“ A Scottish gentleman farmer” 
(Mr. James Blackburn) “ of great experi¬ 
ence,” who brought “ a stony waste” up to 
a high state of fruitfulness by camp-sewage 
and liming. Iiis operations were bused on a 
careful analysis of the land to be improved. 
Tlic Times says “ It was a mere tract of 
sand covered with large flints of irregular 
shape, and broken here and there with sandy 
knolls on which small clumps of heather 
were sparsely strewn. The component parts 
of the soil were still less hopeful. It con¬ 
tained no less than ninety-five per cent, of 
silica, three per cent, of protoxide of iron, 
which is almost poison to vegetation, and 
two per cent, of the vegetable refuse of 
withered heather.” 
Mr. Blackburn learned from chemical 
analyoiS precisely what he had to deal with, 
and proceeded with confidence to apply tho 
appropriate remedies, ilis success was per¬ 
fect; and wherever the London Times is 
read,(where is it not?) intelligent people ad¬ 
mire the fruits of combined science and 
practice in agriculture, as illustrated in tiiis 
instance. None but simpletons reject the 
light of science applicable to rural affairs. 
D. Lee. 
■-♦-*-*- 
MANAGEMENT OF SANDY SOILS. 
My newly bought farm is high and dry, 
quite level, and sandy soil. This sandy soil 
is about six inches deep on a white sand, 
mixed, more or less, with red sand. Under 
this White sand is a stiff red clay. I now 
have my first crop growing on it, and sup¬ 
pose it will yield some five and a half or six 
bushels of shelled corn to the acre. Will 
the above land bring red clover to profit? 
If so, what quantity of seed must be sown to 
the acre, and at what time should it be 
sown ? and with what kind of grain ? 
Within less than a half mile there is any 
quantity of creek mud. I have gathered a 
small quantity of this mud, placed it in a 
glass jar with water, well shaken; after it 
settled, I found about one-quarter of the 
settlings to be a very fine white sand, the re¬ 
mainder purely vegetable matter. 
Now, can I not turn this mud to profit ? 
Some say it will ruin my land. I cannot tell. 
I am, however, inclined to differ v ith them. 
Early in the fall I intend to haul this mud 
to the field, have my pens ready, put a heavy 
layer of mud, then a layer of straw, then a lay¬ 
er of lime, alternately, until the pen is com¬ 
plete. Guano is very high. The above, I 
think, is my only chance; but with me the 
question is, Will it. do? Will any man give 
me a bettor plan ? or. if this plan will do, let 
me know it; and if it will not, let tne know it. 
Seeker. 
Apply the muck or mud to the soil, seed 
with a peck or more of red clover in the 
spring, and the following spring, after it is in 
head, plow it under. In this way you can 
renovate your land. The muck is the very 
best application you can make. 
Si earning Feed.— Can you or any of your read¬ 
ers inform me how far steam cun be conveyed in 
pipes, under ground or outside, to steam cut 
feed. My water and other arrangements are 
about sixty feet from my stable.— r. m. 
There Is no difficulty in conveying steam si xty 
or even one hundred and sixty feet to steam 
feed. 
