itrbsm;rn. 
SUN-STROKE IN DOMESTIC 
ANIMALS. 
The sun-stroke is synonymous with apo¬ 
plexy, and is produced by the rupture of a 
vessel in the brain, whereupon an effusion 
of blood follows, which produces palsy and 
sudden deat h. The cause is twofold :—It is 
that the brain is cither weakened and cannot 
resist sufficiently the pressure of blood, or 
the pressure is so great that it breaks the 
delicate vessels. The former happens when 
the animals have been exposed a long time 
to the sun, and the rays have been shining 
on the head; the animals begin to jump, 
reel and fall down senseless. The latter 
occurs by wearing a tight collar, also through 
fattening lean animals too quickly; where 
in autumn by feeding them only a few 
bushels of meal. But if they be milked all 
summer we may expect less and tough beef, 
aud hut little tallow. 
Let farmers remember that if they gain 
ten dollars in lmtter and cheese by milking 
a farrow cow during the summer, they will 
have ten dollars w orth less beef and tallow 
than they would have had if the cow lmd 
been “dried off,” a few months sooner. 
Young cow's that are not too low in flesh 
dried off by the first of August will usually 
make good heel late in the fall. The time 
to discontinue milking depends very much 
upon the age and conditions of the animal, 
and the amount of feed the owner has. The 
best beef is that quickest made, and when 
pumpkins and corn can he. fed, wo would as 
soon have a cow' milked until the first of 
September as not. 
An old raw'-boned creature should not he 
milked at all during the summer, if no feed 
Pf f Pi 
•ither the discharge of blood is checked, or | ,bat ' vllich the pasture affords is 
blood is produced too quickly. The animals 
hit by the stroke fall down suddenly, arc in 
convulsive motion, open the nostrils wide 
without breathing, and death soon ensues. 
In the second ease, there is giddiness, faint¬ 
ness, convulsion, and the animals fall down 
exhausted. The pulse is in every case out 
of order, is hardly perceptible, the breathing 
short, aud at intervals there is often an in¬ 
voluntary discharge of the excrements. 
Animals recover opener from sun-stroke 
than froul apoplexy; the individual parts of 
the body are paralyzed, the apoplectic Ills 
am repealed, and a radical cure is very rarely 
effected. 
For sun-stroke I use the following method: 
A frequent sprinkling of the head with cold 
water; besides I apply pads of linen soaked 
in cold water every live minutes; horses I 
bleed after the greatest, heat of the brain is 
removed, taking about three quarts of blood 
from the jugular artery; (the brain was as 
hot as if boiling water had been poured 
over it.) To bleed before the greatest, heat 
of the brain is suppressed kills the animal 
invariably. Internally I give a powerful 
purgative of one-quarter of an ounce of So- 
cotrine aloes; one-quarter of an ounce of 
pellitory root, (radix pyrethrtf) pour over 
cadi a quart of boiling water, aud after it is 
cool strain it; then add one scruple of emetic 
argol, (Tartarus emctic'in^ and dissolve it in 
it. This medicine I give in equal doses 
three or four times a day. Externally, I 
take four ounces of spirits of ammoniac, 
(qrirffa4»rtManimwmticauslic>iit,) four ounces 
of alcohol, («pirUus vim,) and four ounces of 
turpent ine oil, (oleum turperdim.) The pal- 
sical parts, especially the feet, but not. /ho 
htari, must he rubbed with this twice a day. 
The cow must he supported with clysters. 
Take two quarts of water, two ounces of a 
decoction of smoking tobacco, and after the 
decoction is strained, add one-eighth ounce 
of t-metic argol, (TarUirutt cmnieis.) 
By this method I saved, last, year, in a few 
days, the lives of a beautiful colt and two 
horses. Other horses, whore no doctor had 
been sent for, or wrong remedies had been 
applied, died of the sun stroke. 1 mention, 
in conclusion, that for colts only half tlie 
quantity of medicines must he used. Young- 
colts I do not bleed. 
A. IIockstkin, Sr., 
Farmer and Veterinary Surgeon. 
--- 
FATTENING FARROW COWS. 
The American Stock Journal very truly 
says:—This is often attended with a great and 
unnecessary expense of feed, simply because 
the proprietor does not understand wlmt kind 
of management such animals require, in 
order to fatten well and in the shortest possi¬ 
ble period of time. Young farmers—and 
sometimes old ones also, appear to he in 
doubt whether a farrow cow will or will not 
fatten as well while she gives milk, and many 
very intelligent men have continued to milk 
a farrow cow until She was almost ready for 
the butcher, and have flattered themselves 
that, the cow was just ns fat as she would 
have been had she not been milked. But no 
theory can ho more, absurd. 
No cow, or female of any kind of animal, 
can grow fat or fleshy, while giving milk, one 
half as fast as if they were not milked. When 
there is a good flow of milk, little or no fat 
is secreted. And why ? Simply because all 
the nutriment, in the food which they con¬ 
sume, which would form fat or flesh, goes 
into the milk pail. Therefore, the sooner we 
discontinue to milk a larrow cow, when we 
have concluded to fatten her, the sooner she 
will he ready for the shambles, and the 
greater will be the amount of tallow and 
flesh in her carcass. 
These suggestions apply more particularly 
to spring anil summer. If a farrow cow is 
in tolerably good condition, in the winter, 
aud the calculation is to make beef of her 
the next summer, or the next autumn, she 
may be milked all winter, provided she be 
well fed. But she should he “ dried off’’ be¬ 
fore she is turned to grass. Then by allow* 1 
ing such cows to feed on good grass during ! 
the summer, they will make fair beef early 
. to he given, and the meat should be sold to 
, those who have good teeth and strong 
, stomachs. A cow of this kind is never fit 
for food unless the flesh and fat is laid on 
rapidly. 
■-— 
TO PRODUCE SEXES AT WILL. 
Many plans have been suggested, and per¬ 
haps some of them have not received the at¬ 
tention they merit. Some physiologists have 
supposed that one ovary produces mules and 
the other females. A more plausible theory 
is that of M. Tiiury, Professor in the Acade¬ 
my of Geneva. He observed that the queen 
bee lays female eggs at the first, and male 
eggs afterwards; that with liens, the first 
laid eggs give female, the last male products; 
that young hulls, who meet the female at 
the first sign of heat, generate heifers more 
frequently than old hulls, who arc exhausted 
and do service later; that mares shown the 
stallion late in their period, drop horse colts 
rather than fillies. He formulated this law 
for stock raisers:—“ If you wish to produce 
females, give the male at the first sign of 
heat; if you wish males, give him at the end 
of heat.” We have before us the certificate 
of a Swiss stock grower, son of the President 
of the Swiss Agricultural Society, Canton de 
Vend, signed in February of the present 
year, (180?,) which says, speaking of the 
accuracy of the law“ In the first place, on 
twenty-two successive occasions I desired to 
have heifers. My cows were of Schwitz 
breed and my hull a pure Durham. I suc¬ 
ceeded in these cases. Having bought a 
pure Durham cow, it was very important to 
have a new hull to supersede the one I had 
bought at great expense, without leaving to 
Chance the production of a male. So 1 fol¬ 
lowed accordingly the directions of Prof 
Tkuky, and the success has proved once 
more the truth of the law. I have obtain¬ 
ed from my Durham hull six more bulls, 
(Schwilz-Durlmm cows,) for field work, and, 
having chosen cows of the same color and 
height, I obtained perfect matches of oxen ; 
my herd amounted to forty cows of every 
age—in short, I have made, in all, t wenty- 
nine experiments after the new method, and 
in every ease 1 succeeded in what I was 
looking for—male or female. I had not one 
single failure. All the experiments have 
been made by myself, without any other poi¬ 
son’s intervention; consequently, I do de¬ 
clare that I consider as real and certainly 
perfect the method of Professor Tumor.” 
In August, I8IJ3, M. Tinny submitted his 
plan to the Academy of Science at Paris; it 
was tried, on the recommendation of that 
body, on the Emperor’s farms, with, it is 
alleged, the most unvarying success.— Surgi¬ 
cal llcpurtei’. 
-*-*-*- 
Jerxry < 'utile,—A correspondent of the New 
England runner says: —With nits the Jerseys 
arc generally, or always, very small and wild at 
blrfcli; in these respects being quite different 
from the natives which 1 own. Though they 
sometimes come forward and make u rapid 
growth afterward, they are always more crazy 
and frisky while calves, and difficult for boys to 
h ad with tho rope. The bulls of this stock are 
almost always vicious, at least, so far ns my ob¬ 
servation goes, and should always be handled 
with caution. Among the lmlf bloods and other 
grades of this stock are found many excellent 
intlkorsv—though according to my experience 
the quality does not equal the best Short-Horn 
grades. The unwillingness of the cows to by 
milked has, in many Instances been a serious 
drawback on their value; and In numerous in¬ 
stances within my knowledge have they been 
put off, because no amount of pat leneo and coax¬ 
ing would induce them to willingly give their 
milk. 
» - 
Cows Giving Bloody Milk.—I would like to 
know what nils my cows. I have two that 
dropped their calves in June which give bloody 
milk ; but wo cannot see that it Is bloody till it. , 
has boon milked twelve hours, when the blood 
settles to tho bot tom of the pan. It has a strong 
and disagreeable odor, and the cream looks 1 
flaky or ourdted— something like sour milk in 
tea, except that It Is flu or. The cows are thrifty , 
and In good condition. One is throe and the 
other is five years old. Their milk has been good 
till the last two weeks. The rest of uiy cows are 
all right.— A Subscriber, Ttcumeett. Mich. < 
-+♦+- , 
Cow*' Caked Bog.—Add two ounces of sal 
ammoniac to one pint of vinegar, and apply 
quite warm. Hut) the bag thoroughly with it ' 
twice n day. Keep the COW from fresh feed.— 
A Farmer. , 
vi i)T gpimm 
___o __ 
DISEASED BROOD. 
This strange disease, so far as I have been 
able to learn, still batllea every attempt to 
discover its cause or cure. Whatever others 
have found, or think they have found, I 
know of hut one variety. Brood chilled in 
tho comb is not diseased, in the technical 
sense of the term, and I do not think the 
real diseased brood begins that way. There 
is, however, something so mysterious about 
it that we must not he too sure. Wagner’s 
theory came the nearest to accounting fin- 
all the facts, but even that failed at last. He 
thought it arose from the feeding of decom¬ 
posed pollen to the young bees. In hives 
that swarm there is a lime between the de¬ 
parture of the old queen and the time when 
her successor begins to lay when pollen is 
not required by the brood, and that which 
has been stored is allowed to remain un¬ 
touched for some days. This, according to 
Mr. Wagner's theory, Immediately begins 
to decompose, and being fed to the new 
brood when it appears, causes the disease. 
But then, if this ho true, why do we not find 
the disease more general among swarming 
hives? Again, I have examined soon after 
swarming — having waited, however, long 
enough for the disease, according to his 
theory, to appear—and found no trace of It. 
Yet those very hives would be diseased in 
September. I have also noticed, in a poor 
swarming year, that there would he as many 
deposited in a worker cell usually produces 
a worker. But it can be converted into a 
drone or a queen, which is very conclusive 
that they are all alike at Ike lime they are de¬ 
posited. It is a fact that a pure Italian queen 
that has mated a black drone, produces a hy¬ 
brid worker progeny. Now then, if the eggs of 
such a queen are deposited in worker cells 
and reared as workers, or queens, produce 
only hybrids, why should those same eggs, 
had they been converted into and raised as 
drones, produce pure Italians? What kind 
of a theory is this? It is one that 1 certainly 
don’t take any stock in. Anonymous. 
Remarks. — The foregoing came to us 
w it hout any signature and with no name ac¬ 
companying it; but it seems to us so appar¬ 
ent that it w as simply an oversight on the 
part of the writer, that we make an excep¬ 
tion to our rule and print it. 
-*“•"*- 
BEST WAY TO KEEP BEES. 
A recent writer says, so far as dollars 
and cents are concerned, the best way to 
keep bees is in hives, containing from two 
thousand to two thousand one hundred 
cubic inches of space, in the dear, in the 
lower sections, with space above for caps, 
that will contain about six pounds of honey 
each. There should lie eight caps, two tiers 
of four each, with passages to connect. We 
refer to hives made as follows: twelve 
inches square in the dear, and fourteen 
inches deep, which gives two thousand one 
hundred and sixteen cubic inches, and a 
space of four caps in the super, or upper part 
of the hive, or double tier. Much a hive. 
jflir 
reps. 
affected in the fall among those that had not w ' ,b movable combs, or otherwise, will 
swarmed as those that had. If the disease miablo the bees to be more profitable to 
is due to decomposed pollen, why are some ,br ’ r owner than uny non-swarming hive in 
sections of the country entirely free from it? existence, because, in one case, no increase 
It is said not to appear at all in some places. families occurs, while in the other case 
Long Island and some parts of Ohio, and l "'° or tlirwj *wwms issue, worth about five 
even of New York, have no diseased brood, vloHaiH each, besides obtaining as much sur- 
accordiug to reports. plus honey, in most cases, as is stored up in 
Again, some suppose it to spread chiefly non-swarming hives. 
swarmed as those that bad. If the disease 
is due to decomposed pollen, why are some 
sections of the country entirely free from it? 
It is said not to appeal’ at all in some places. 
Long Island and some parts of Ohio, and 
even of New York, have no diseased brood, 
according to reports. 
Again, some suppose it to spread chiefly 
by infection. There is no doubt that 
the robbing of stocks weakened by it will 
spread it very rapidly; hut then the singular 
fact obtrudes itself here that young swarms 
rarely or never show it the first season. We 
cannot suppose them less liable to rot. Yet 
1 am inclined to think that it spreads chiefly 
in this way—as a contagion. 1 have noticed 
that hives standing very near another badly 
diseased, aromiirumoYelikely to he affected 
than those at a distance. Indeed, in some 
of my apiaries, where the hives were eight or 
ten feet apart, it has almost entirely disap¬ 
peared. 
This matter is one of the utmost impor¬ 
tance to bee keepers. Entire apiaries have 
been destoyed thousands of times, and their TTOKc-Fc? 
owners never had the slightest notion of the * SUNDER IN^ HORSES. 
real cause. Benj. W. Wood writes the Southern Cul- 
} have given some prominence to Air. tivator as follows; — Many years ago I 
AN agner s theory because it is quite gener- learned a cure for founder in horses, which 
ally referred to as correct; hut I think it clear j 8 so simple, and has proved so successful in 
trom the facts now given, that all interested m y hands, that I send it to you, thinking it 
in apiaiian science have still occasion to may he of .service to some of your readers, 
study this question with the greatest care. Cleanout bottom of foot thoroughly—hold 
M Qitnby. up the leg so as to bring the bottom of the 
hoof upward, holding it. up firmly in a hori- 
ITALIAN QUEENS vs. DRONES- zontnl position, and pour in, say a table- 
Tm*first thing to be done is to proem- two s P oonful of spirits turpentine, if the cavity 
Italian queens, to avoid the necessity of in-uud- of the hoof will hold that much—it not, pour 
in breeding. One of them should bo pcrtoetly • , . 
pure. Hie mh'cr rimy be a pure queen that has what it will hold, without dung'd ol lim- 
tuiited a black drone, lor BUchqueens im>duce liing over; touch the turpentine with a red 
pure drones. Intact, the handsomest drones I , ... . ... 
ever s:nv were bred from such queens.-J. it. N., hot iron, (this will set. it on lire,) hold the 
in Rural, June 12. hoof firmly in position until it all burns out. 
I DOUBT the truth of this assertion, very Great care must he taken that none runs 
much, although I believe it is generally con- over on the Hair of the hoof, lest the skin he 
ceded to be a fact by all of the best profea- burned. If all the feet are affected hum tup- 
sors in the country. Notwithstanding all penline in each of them. Relief will speed i- 
this, I am of the opinion that the eggsol the ]y follow, and the animal he ready fbrser- 
quocti, at the time the}' are deposited in the vice in a short lime. I once applied this 
various cells, are all alike, and that she has remedy to a horse that had been thundered 
no knowledge whatever ol the kind of eggs twenty-four hours before 1 saw him, and he 
she is laying; and that it is the treatment or was promptly relieved. In another case, 
nourishment that, these eggs receive that de- where the animal could hardly he induced 
termjiics the sex or kind of bees that they ) 0 move, his suffering was so great, he was 
produce. I am well aware from my own treated in tho same manner as soon us his 
observations in bee keeping, that a queen trouble was discovered, and less than an 
does not necessarily have to mate a drone to hour afterwards lie was hitched to a hugiry 
produce eggs; and that her eggs, under such ami driven some twenty-five miles the same 
circumstances, can he made to produce noth- flay—all lameness disappearing after he had 
ihg hut drones. But this does not prove that traveled a few miles 
mating a ilronc docs not affect her drone -- 
progeny iff the same proportion that it does Warts on lionet.—It is said that the grease of 
her worker and queen progeny. In fact, 1 “dt "bacon, occasionally applied to warte about 
, .. , .. , ’ horses’ ears, will carry tho ugly excrescences 
know it does, from my observations with aW ay.-H. 
black queens. J hac j a young . horso which had a large wart on 
It an Italian queen that lias mated a black his nose; and in four weeks’ time it was cured 
drone produces pure Italian drones, then a aafollows:—''Take equal parts of sulphuric acid 
black queen that lias mated an Italian drone iind ^iritsof turpentine, mix In an open dish, 
ought to produce pure black drones, which , J \ _ 
is not the case, because I have pure black Cure for Glanders. A correspondent of tho 
queens in Iby yard that produce handsome, Southern Cultivator asserts that a large stable of 
well marked Italian drones almost .without horses and mules affected by glanders were saved 
exception. But when* I come to mate to each a teaspoonful of tartar einotic 
. three times a day for .six days consecutively; 
Italian queens with these drones, or with then discontinued the dose for six days, when 
drones bred from Italian queens that have tho treatment was repeated on such as were not 
mated black drones, tliev do not produce a weiU * The animals were fod and worked as usual 
pure worker progeny. No, sir ; a queen, in dwrinfr lbo tm , ,tulc,u ’ an<1 not om ‘ W! ' ,s lost of 
, . ' ' J ' those so t reated. 
Information Wonted. - I have a fair-sized 
gwurm of boos (a young swarm) in a small box 
hive, which I wish to tukc up this fall. I have 
another medium-sized swam in a largo hive, 
with a chamber to It. The body part is now 
about hall full of comb. 1 am a new beginner lu 
bee keeping, and I wish to ask Mr. Quinby, ni¬ 
nny experienced bee keeper, if it would beany 
advantage to tlicswurm In the large hive another 
season, to drive the other swarm lu with them 
this fall, instead ol hilling them ; nod then if it 
should be necessary, 1 can give them drops of 
honey in their chamber this v. inter.—n. o. c. 
orsnmnt. 
pure worker progeny. No, sir ; a queen, in 
order to produce a pure, handsome working 
or queen progeny, has got to be a pure 
Italian queen that lias mated a pure Italian 
drone, without any black crosses either way. 
Then again, an egg deposited in a drone 
cell ustrtflly produces a drone; and an egg 
Colic In Horse*.—“A Farmer” recommends 
“ tine-cut tobacco (about u couple of spoonfuls) 
given in bran once or twice a day for three or 
four weeks,” as a remedy which he has tried and 
knows to bo good, lie adds, “salt and water 
rubbed on the back will give relief sometimes.” 
THE OAT CROP. 
Some oats were sown tills spring quite 
early ou dry land plowed in the fall. It was 
thought quite certain by some that this was 
loo early, that the seed would rot. “ Fool¬ 
ish he is to do this,” was the remark we 
heard, and “ lie will have to sow over again, 
that is all.” “ And that is only the loss of 
the seed and the labor, which is not much,” 
we replied, “ Besides, the work on the soil 
in mellowing, and therefore enriching it, is 
worth something, at least the labor,” we 
continued. But on dry, well drained soil it 
is not needed to sow over; the oat is hardy, 
and will not rot under such circumstances; 
at least, we have never known it to. The 
water drains off and lets the air in; and 
once started, there will bo that gain in the 
growth, and not in the growth merely, for 
this will not he Jacking, sown later; but 
there is almost Invariably the bright straw 
and the good berry, und, what is perhaps 
of equal importance, the grain will get tlie 
advantage of the drouth, which is pretty 
sure to follow in the summer, somewhere 
about midsummer, and seldom, or at least 
less seldom, the early part of the season, 
its growth will he sufficient to cover tlie 
ground, and cover it well, and get a start in 
length that will mature the crop—at least a 
fair or moderate crop; whereas, under such 
u drouth, a later sown crop would have been 
of hut. little account; we have known it t<J 
he an utter failure. And who has over 
heard of quite early sowing to be an utter 
failure, the soil dry and well put in 
We have noted this thing for many years, 
and never found a failure yet, hut always a 
paying crop, seldom u blasted one, or rust. 
In the very great majority of cases wo have 
found a good crop, early, with hr straw' 
and a plump berry, the product brought, into 
market to catch the high price, the money 
at once realized and the interest secured, the 
mice defrauded of their share, and all dan¬ 
ger of loss from tire or otherwise avoided. 
The present season, when the crop— the 
general crop—was a good one, early sow¬ 
ing w as the best. It was a heavier, brighter 
— perfectly bright — crop, and secured in 
good time for tliu harvest, ’which was, some 
of it, a little rusted. 
In order to secure, successfully, early 
sowing, it is necessary to begin in the fall. 
Plow your land now—or later is better—and 
he sure you have it dry. If it is not dry, or 
if some of it is wet, as is usually the case, 
throw in ridges, that is, plow it in small 
lands of from three to five paces in width. 
This, if the land permit#) of deep plowing, 
is sure to drain off tjie water if the dead 
furrows are kept free, and the ends open to 
pass it off. 
A little deeper plowing in the fall is 
alw ays admUsable; and clay soil is the soil 
that should thus be treated. But as all soil 
Inis more or less clay, any soil may he thus 
managed. If the subsoil is good, plow con¬ 
siderably deeper; the frost will give you an 
tush heap in the spring, providing you do 
not plow on a dead, wet land, with few or 
no dead furrows. But plowed in small lands, 
the soil set up, roughened, as much as pos¬ 
sible, and plowed w ell dow n, if not too hard 
and raw below, there will be your crumb¬ 
ling, mellow surface in the spring-, that will 
do you more good to look at than all the 
hard, sodden land in the world, and you 
will lie induced to pul the harrow in and 
sow it.— K. G. 
- 4~44 - 
HOP PICKING 
lu Stark, Herkimer County, X. Y. 
Hop picking goes off here better than it 
has ever before, and it has been going lor 
twenty years or more. The hop is a No. 1 
quality; the weather is propitious; there are 
not many leaves, so that pickers make their 
tw’O to three boxes a day. But the crop is not 
heavy, somewhat below' the average. Some 
yards also have becu taken up, which will 
still further lessen the quantity. There is 
also cleaner picking this year, so that the 
samples will he all that is desired. 
Where buckwheat hws been sown for a 
few years back, the yards have been taken 
Up, or, rather, have run out. Buckwheat, it 
has been demonstrated, is deleterious to the 
hop; hut so it is also to the Lop-louse. With 
proper tillage, and plenteous application of 
manure, the hop no doubt may he continued 
—in such case in defiance of the insect. 
Whether it will pay, on the whole, has not 
yet been tested. 
The culture here, in consequence of dis¬ 
couragements, lias been neglected the present 
season, or there would probably have been 
an average* crop. A few yards that have 
been attended lo have this now. g. 
- *■•*■■* - 
Wheal Harvest. —The Western Fanner, (Madi¬ 
son, Wis.) says Mr. Dai.kympi.e, Cottage Grove, 
cut, bound and shocked his two thousand acres 
of -wheat In Just nine days, employing fifteen 
reapers and one hundred and twenty-five men. 
The crop is estimated at 50,000 bushels. 
