arm ffijaxrarmjL 
CONCENTRATED MANURE. 
In treating of manures in the Country 
Gentleman of August 12, Judge French 
three feet deep, according as the soil is the animals was all saved, and not a particle 
light or heavy. If in apart of country where °f the liquid lost, and applied at once to the 
stone is really unattainable,go into the wood 80 ^» the greedy eart h would get the greatest 
lot, cut up the underbrush if the wood is not share ol its strength and virtue and leave 
cleared. If it is cleared, lop the branches the delicate atmosphere but a small pittance, 
from the forest trees some distance up; haul ^ would add that manure hoarded up at the 
and lay them in the bottom of the drain, the harn is like money hoarded up in the house: 
butt of branch inclined to the foot thereof, il won’t draw »ny interest. Far better use j 
k Cw About one-fourth of them came up and are 
SlltlU V fOpS* growing finely, showing, to-day, blossoms 
^xP S 3 * and a lew very small new potatoes. They 
— ' . - — - do not seem to turn out as well aa the first 
A SECOND CROP OF POTATOES. Cr ° P ’ lmt 1 intend 10 P laut f hem separate 
__ ‘ next spring, hoping they will improve their 
In the Rural of Sept. 4th, a correspond- baljit next year.—C. M., Economy, lnd., Sep- 
ent signing himself T., Wayne Co., N. Y., teniber 12 - 
ventures the assertion that the second crop ‘ ' “*~*"*' * 
of potatoes cannot be produced from seeds DIEHL WHEAT. 
m one season. Now, I Peg to differ with From present appearances, the Diehl 
your correspondent, and will say that the variety of wheat is destined to be widely 
word cannot is a word almost obsolete in grown ^ Wcstern New Yorl mid it is qui £ 
our business. Last winter 1 obtained three probable also in the h«,». . 
of Massachusetts says:—“Ninety percent, layer on layer, until the brush will be one a11 t,ie manure on a farm fresh to the crop, 
at least of even our farm manure is water foot deep. After it is well trampled down, fill 
find sand ; and that a very small bulk com- in with earth, and you have a drain Unit is effl- 
prises all that is really valuable.” cient for from five to ten, and in many cases, 
It is wonderful that farmers and the public twelve years. If iu a stony district, fill with 
generally are so slow to learn the extreme boulders—the larger at, bottom, the smaller 
dilution of fertilizing substances as applied 
to the soil by a large majority c/f cultivators. 
With. them, confirmed habit or long practice 
is a law that altereth not. Their fathers 
made crops with manure which contained 
on top—until one foot deep, then fill up. 
Or, take flat stories, lay in bottom ol* drain; 
then take other fiat ones, set on edge at an 
angle to the top, where they join; lay bould¬ 
ers in to fill betwixt side of drain and the 
ninety per cent, of water and dirt or sarnl, an g lin S ***** until secured in position, and 
and why shall not their posterity do the fiU with others until a foot high; then throw 
same to the end of time? »» mold, and you have a drain more cudur- 
Iu an essay by Dr. James Ji. Nichols, i,J £ aufl niore effectual than tile. In stony 
published in the Agi iculture of Massachusetts districts, 11 1 is, system is profitable in two 
for 1868, ho remarks:—“ A pound of good, ways. Tlie surface is cleared of stones and 
thoroughly formed peat, taken fresh from a draSned of water. In flat and level districts, 
meadow upon my farm, lost, of water in dry- where therc is no f:dl > fanners ought to join 
ing a little more than fourteen ounces. A wiLU tach otber and cUL di,oIu ' 3 :ilo »£ the 
farmer drawing from his meadow a cord of division fences—say four feet deep by five or 
peat weighing 4,000 pounds has upon his six widc » and throw arteric:s from the ditch 
wagon 8,COO pounds of water and hut five tlirm, * h tb(! nclds - and tbeir Poil is made dr .V- 
hundred pounds of the dry material he seeks 1,1 cultin £> r the di,ch > 11lIW lhf! <' art b on one 
This, dried and compressed, could be placed sitlc ' and * in Inan - V C!ISCS > u will an ef- 
in a couple of our largest sized farm baskets ” feclnal fcnc ° 5 , hc draiu wiU re( iuire but to 
rib concentration would add largely to ** clc "T’ °, ut ««* «T **** nalc 
Ure value of peat as an absorbent. „|-watery " d UWo U ““ ° r<lmarJ ' 
Stable droppings. By drying peat, decaying ^mbertono, mo. "* C 
Torest leaves or straw, after repeated satura- _ f , > _ 
tions with cattle urine, the fertilizing salts ABOUT PRIVY VATTT Tq 
contained therein would be highly concen- ABOU1 PRIVY VAULTS. 
trated. The water in stable manure is not I had two vaults, five feet, deep, in privies 
woith hauling and spreading on our fields; attached to wood-houses, which required 
and it should be evaporated. Use well dried cleaning. 1 hit upon the following plan : 
peat, leaves or straw for absorbing urine or I dug out a hole in the rear, three feet wide, 
other liquid manure. Then dry out the as long os the building and deep as the vault, 
water and use the same bedding repeatedly Then 1 took out the wall under that side of 
till filled with agricultural salts, which are the privy, and cleaned out as last as I low- 
worth as much, pound for pound, as Peru- ered the wall until all was done; but instead 
vian guano. Why should thus imported of replacing the wall under the privy as be- 
manure sell freely at seventy-five dollars a fore, I used il, on the back side of the pit, dug 
ton while the farmers’ home-made stuff will and drew more stone and walled up the ends 
not bring one-twentieth part as much ? so that I enlarged the vault, and could, from 
The owners and cultivators of the soil time to time, throw in muck, or leached 
have been manufacturing plaut food for ashes, and clean it out every fall or spring, 
homo use lor indefinite centuries without and thus make it a source of profit, as well 
any sensible progress or improvement in the as more cleanly. 
business. In a^ report made to the Legisla- I moved on my farm three years ago last 
ture ol New \ork in 1843, I called public spring, and had occasion to go into a general 
attention to the prodigious loss of honest overhauling of my house and out-buildings 
farm labor, literally thrown away by its mis- and, as before, attached the privy to the 
application. Many thought that my remarks wood-house, (as I consider it almost barbar- 
were unjust. But now, after the lapse of ous to compel women and children to wade 
and the subsequent, crops will receive their 
due share of its strength in its manipulated 
state.” 
•-- 
PROFIT IN SUGAR GROWING. 
I. II. Cakrigeu of Columbus, Ga., writes potatoes of the wonderful “King of the 
to the Southern Cultivator that he got from Earlies,” at an almost fabulous price, with 
in t an aero ol ribband cano five hundred the idea of getting two crops of potatoes in 
anu twenty-three pounds of clean, dry sugar one season. 
| and one hundred and thirty gallons of sirup. On referring to my diary, I find that I cut 
in t n >( ncfit. ol farmers at the North, these three potatoes into eight separate 
\\ iur soi gl nun must be substituted for ril> pieces, and planted them in one of my green- 
Mm < une, J give his directions: “1st. houses, without bottom heat, on the 16th 
Grind the sorghum cane before the seed day of February last, 
ripens; 2d, neutralize fully with lime water On May 31st I shook the plants out of the 
or soda the ncnls ol the cane juice; 3d, mix boxes (old eight-by-ten glass boxes,) in which 
m ,i ]jm,!iii o cn.uso]y powdered fresh char- they had been growing, and found the pro- 
* 0,1 1,1 ' 1 een gallons of juice, after it ducc to be sixty-five fine, sound, ripe pota- 
has begun to boil and the scum is removed, toes, averaging over eight to each hill. 
After forty mmutes boiling, filter or strain These same potatoes, after being exposed 
cardully into a barrel so placed that the (here lies the secret.) to the hot sun under 
juice may he drawn off after standing one glass until the Uth of June, were planted 
hour and returned to the kettle or pan with- out of doors, and at the present time they 
out disturbing the sediment, or deposit. When have a very fine crop of fine t ubers on them, 
it can lie had conveniently, animal charcoal from which I mean to exhibit this fall, thus, 
from burned bones u, coarse powder, is bet- Mr. Editor, proving your conclusions to he 
ter than wood charcoal and will produce perfectly correct. Had Mr. Quinn’s pota- 
sirup as fair as from loaf sugar. The boil- toes been spread out on a dry place, and 
ing should now be quick and regular, not exposed to a South Carolina sun for the 
alternately fast and slow.” space of ten or twelve days before shipping 
Ilosays after sorghum is fully ripe and has them North, I do not have the least liesi- 
perfeeicil its seed, the sirup will not granu- tation in saying that he would have had 
late; but before it is fully ripe the sugar will as good a crop from the same as he would 
granulate and the sirup from it will he free have had if he had planted old potatocs.- 
from the peculiar flavor of ordinary sirup John Charlton, BooTmter , N. Y 
from sorghum. Ho has made much sugar j , . , 
from sorghum, but he now finds that it is -m- ^ k 'w^"*' 7 * v ' v ^ V ’’ 
more profitable to grow the ribband cane in f I" k ’ 7,7“ C °'’ " V .' *’ IUftke ! 
that climate. lie says sorghum is sweetest "7 tl,at a second crop of 
on a warm limestone soil. s. w. be cd , froro * ecd P rod 
In your issue of September 4th, “T.,” of 
probable also in the best, wheat growing 
regions of the country. It. is not quite equal 
to the old Soule or white Genesee, but it is 
the nearest approach to it we have yet seen 
or can successfully grow. I hear some com¬ 
plaint. that it winter-kills, but my observation 
leads me to believe it to be as hardy as any 
good variety. It will not bear crowding; it 
seems to do best when it looks somewhat 
hard in the spring. The straw is not over 
tall, but stiff, and the grain is not easily 
laid. It is in the head that it. excels most 
other varieties. This is bald, not over me¬ 
dium length, but thick and very full set with 
grain. When bound in the sheaf it is heavy, 
and it pours out a large stream from the 
machine. It is early enough to avoid the 
weevil — if that insect is avoided by this 
condition. 
My observation and experience with it 
teach that it should not be sown too early 
nor too thick. There is danger in being in 
too great haste in sowing, and very thick 
seeding is fatal to a good crop. One bushel 
and a half is sufficient per acre. There are 
some inferior varieties that will do better in 
wet land, but on good or medium wheat soil, 
my preference is for the Diehl. 
Next to it I should name in order, Tread 
well, Wicks, and Pennsylvania Blue Stem. 
The Diehl is not quite equal to the old Gen¬ 
esee, or, perhaps, the host Canada White, 
tj *.iu Hv uuyy Jiimo umi Jl lb -\r. » \\r at xr i . 
more profitable to grow the ribband canc in ^ ° w ?. k ’ W ;7“° C °‘’ iV * 7’ IU!lk ” a Btron S but nevertheless sells for a good white wheat, 
that climate. He says sorghum is sweetest aHSe,lloI J tlia t a second crop of potatoes and is quite good enough. There la but 
on a warm limestone soil. s. w. " be T , Sccd P roduccd tb ® littlc wbich if} ^Urictl.v pure, as the first seed 
___ f ame season, and gives as a reason that it introduced was mixed, but farmers are taking 
APPLYING PLASTER TO LAND contrai 7 l0 . tbc 1)1 *^ siologlcal 1;nv8 of tlie P ain s to sort out a little for seed, and in a 
- * potato. 1 will give my experience in the year more it can probably be had, unmixed, 
I noticed in Rural recently an article on - vear 186,S ’ in Covington, La. The first crop iu considerable quantities. 
Gypsum, in answer to some inquirer who potatoes was jilanted about the first of Now and then a farmer in Western New 
were unjust, xmt now, alter me lapse ol ous to compel women and children to wade a u its properties as a manure if sown and 
over a quarter o a century a high Massa- through snow-drifts or in the rain, by night nol dissolved by rain in four or five days 
chusetts authoiity fells us that m one hun- and by day, to so important an appendage hence the different opinions in recard to'its 
dud parts ot common lui in manure, in that to a house as a privy.) I dug the vault but properties. The follies of its bpimv “ ,re¬ 
educated and wealthy State, there arc ninety eighteen inches deep in the ground, and no tcrious fertilizer ” that “ it must ho own * & 
of water and worthless sand! Do New further under the buildimr than iL musf be S(nvn on 
~ .... „ , „ iucuict uiiuu me onucung man me front clover that is considerably croivn ” Ac nr e 
England farmers think as well as work ? side of ihr snf • inn T l.-t it ■’ r o.c. ( aic 
® m _ T siue ox me seat, out net it extend outride all of them moonshine theories. The root is 
Gap Crc ek,TcDP> J1± _ 1X LKE - tbe P rn T two feet wide, and placed over it a what nourishes the plant, or tree. I would 
. a ^ tuip dooi; thus the odor from the vault es- as soon think of directing my tailor to use 
ABOUT DRA INAGE. capes from the outside. lean place a pile “finely ground plaster” to grow up a rent 
The greatest want and most indispensable iLoZor and fill* to and r tenfTn *T ^ ° U “ y C ,° at) as to 6prIuklc U on a ldadt ‘ of 
necessity to the farming interests of America t i f , cla 11 118 often ns C01n t0 ^ncta it, if it was not washed to the 
is drainage. Travel ^Ver Uie ^2 l?'°Z t ltblpk f 8 ^ plan ihobret that roots by a copious shower. I have heard 
States, and almost everywhere the eve is f g0t V. 1 ?’ and advi8 o otheis, either m the oft-repeated story for sixty-five years 
w m, ‘17° country or village, to try it. J. n. n. that plaster would not benefit W. 
pneu uiivb uypsum wouia lie a benefit sown ) l W1 UI w uccounung ior me tact that this variety has 
at this tune, if upon land that plaster would smalJftst potatoes on a piece of ground, say run out, and you may give it the best, chance- 
benefit at all: J nCVrliavu seen any land Miout. two rods square; I watched for their say a summer fallow on new land, and it 
that, plaster would not benefit, if sowed iin- comifl o U P loj ' a month and a half, and then won’t equal the famous crops of yore, 
mediately before a rain. Plaster will lose ^ avc n I J ever soeiu S' a sprout. About the Perih Tone. 
all its properties as a manure if sown and * a8t oP All ^ ll st I set out cabbage plants on —- +++ - 
P. Lee. 
ABOUT DRAINAGE. 
The greatest, want and most indispensable 
necessity to the farming interests of America 
is drainage. Travel ever the most of the 
States, and almost everywhere the eye is 
greeted by the painful lack of a system of 
draining. Millions of acres of the richest 
soil in the world are for one-third to one- 
half of tlie year entirely submerged, lying in 
pools, or wet and soggy, eating out the very 
roots of vegetation, resulting in barrenness, 
or poor, ruinous crops. Such a condition of 
things is wearing to the mind, and farmers 
tcrious fertilizer,” that «it must he sown on 
clover that is considerably grown,*’ Ac., are 
all of them moonshine theories. The root is 
what nourishes the plant, or tree. I would 
as soon think of directing my tailor to use 
“finely ground plaster" to grow up a rent 
on my coat, as to sprinkle it. on a blade of 
•about two rods square; I watched for their say a summer fallow on new land and it 
coming up for a month and a half, and then won’t equal the famous crops of yore 
gave up ever seeing a sprout. About the Pekin Tone 
last of August I set out cabbage plants on —_»_1 
the piece, hut at the first hoeing, say a week POTATOES FROM SEED. 
afterward, the potatoes were all up. They - 
grew well, except the stalk was slimmer and In September, 1868, Mr. L. E. Strong, 
more yellow than the first growth, and did of Plymouth, Ohio, casually plucked off, 
not yield as well, although I considered that from lbe vines of his Early Goodrich, three 
only the effect of planting the small pula- potato halls, and laid them on the outside 
toes, which never perfectly ripen. The sid °f a window. In the month of March 
present year I did not have an opportunity last, Mr. Strong took two of these bally, 
of trying the experiment again, but intend OUO bciu S l° sl > and having nibbed out the 
to next year. The kind of potatoes planted seeds, planted them in a tin pan, half filled 
corn to benefit it, if St was not washed to the were a mixture of Pink-Eyes with Early with rich grotmd, and placed Lhe pan away 
roots by a copious shower. I have heard i June.—W. II. AYerbeb, Amite Clty x La. in his green house. Thirteen of these seeds, 
j. n. h. 
MANAGEMENT OF MANURE. 
A Bucks Co., Pa., correspondent, of the 
Germantown Telegraph tells what ho does 
with his stable manure, as follows:—“ My 
stable-doors arc as wide as the stable and 
will admit a cart. Once or twice a week 
the oft-repeated story for sixty-five years I N die beginning of last April I received 
that plaster would not benefit lands upon Some Early Rose potatoes, and immediately 
Long Island. I would advise them to dis- Cl)1 ' aud sprouted some under glass. They 
mKrrt il i ,..nG.*i V, ... __*__• A. T • tr—.-.u/, 4. .1_» . 1 l il , _ 
solve it in water before using it. I have no¬ 
ticed a marked difference in a dry season on 
sandy soils when applied in a liquid state. 
PERUVIAN GRASS. 
were transplanted to the open ground, when 
large enough, and dug June 30th for the 
purpose of exhibiting them at Brantford on 
thus planted, grew; and when they had at¬ 
tained the growth of about ten inches, they 
were transplanted, on the first of May, in 
the garden, in rich loamy soil, in which 
nothing had been planted for the past two 
years. The plants grew vigorously, and the 
July 1st. A few small ones of the size of vine8 attaillcd a ,nore tban ordinary length 
become hopeless ot succeeding in t he mighty the cart is backed in the stable aud the Robert C. Jones, Lisbon, Va., reports 
contes -, become paralyzed and shrink from manure taken directly to the field and spread tbat llds grass has given himself and neigh- 
r.np tilRlr i nit 1 1 _i. .... * * , .... ® 
. „ --o -•'j —-^'zujjuuuiv tan 
y as oi King lor some cm- meant, enough manure to cover an acre, aud equal contrast with grasses of any va- 
Ollar and n fill/irtpl* nr tmn ^ivr^.i. i._ •. i. i i ^*ii _ i , 
ployer at one dollar and a quarter or two 
dollars a day, or less. IIow sad their dis¬ 
appointment! But a short experience is 
necessary to teach them. They find the 
glitter but brazen, and tlie hearts of their 
neighbors an unfeeling lump compared with 
their previous surroundings. The once 
healthy, rosy wife aud little ones become 
puny and sickly; and oft in their frying 
moments they express the wish, “ Oh, how 
I would like it if we had the dear old farm¬ 
stead again; there we had enough to eat, 
and, although homely, to wear. Here we 
dread the morrow, not being assured of 
bread to satisfy the demand of nature.” In 
short, the wolf is ever hoveling around the 
door, and they cannot go out but. the gaunt 
shadow is dogging their steps. 
I Small farmers are the worst situated in re¬ 
spect to draining. Their means arc limited. 
marrowfat peas were left in the ground as 
not being of any account; and two of con¬ 
siderable size, for tliut season, were over¬ 
looked, which, together with the small ones, 
in due time appeared above ground. I 
pulled up one of the larger stems to which 
was attached a tuber two and a half inches 
in length, one and a half inches in the broad¬ 
est diameter and one inch in the smallest 
acre. One man w ill spread us much manure other variety. Its growth is unusually vigor- 
from a sled as two men can throw up ous and rapid; it forms a deep, close sod; it 
on a high wagon and throw it down again wM withstand long continued drouth ;’ it 
in spreading. The man can stand on the ma .V be relied upon with great confidence 
ground and spread the manure from all f° r a large yield of fodder and seed; it is a 
sides ol* the sled to good advantage, and lias master grass, and has proved itself, wherever 
a better chance to shake up the manure than lricd > a permanent occupier of the soil • it is 
if perched up on a high wagon. To my 
certain knowledge there has not been one 
Avhcel barrow full of manure taken from the 
stalls to my barn-yard in the last fifteen 
years. Only the droppings of tbe cattle iu 
found to take with readiness whin sown, it 
makes no difference at what season of the 
year; it does admirably to sow in conjunc¬ 
tion with red clover, and can and should be 
cut. with it, as they both ripen at about the 
the yard while eating cornstalks, constitute samc ‘ time; it is the earliest variety of grass 
uoor ana mey cannor go out nut. tne gaunt (he manure made in the yard and left ex- known in the State, and affords a large 
shadow is dogging their steps. posed, and this amounts to a small item, as amount of forage for grazing.” 
Small farmers are t ho worst situated in re- the cuttle arc in the stable the greater part This is strong testimony so far as w r ords 
spect. to draining. Their means arc limited, of the day in winter and during the night, in £°- We give it for what it is worth, and ask 
They cannot afford to purchase tile to lay in summer. “ some of our Virginia friends who may know- 
the ch-ains, and they look upon drainage as “Manure will waste to the extent of about this grass to tell us something about 
au unattainable luxury. I herewith send twenty-five per cent, of its value by bekm il > pro or con - 
you several systems of filling drains, which exposed in the barn-yard during the yeait -- 
hai e been and are largely practiced now, Manure spread on a level surface as soon as ,,onc >* Lo <*“ 8 < r ° r Posts, a Missouri corresnond- 
and are within the reach ot the poorest. La- it is made will keep cool and hold its vteim, T 1 the Comitr - v Gentleman Bays, is about as 
bor, and not money, is the main reciuisite till tlie . . durable ns Sassafras, not equal to Black AValnut, 
backed with will q ’ descending ram comes to carry its and one Black Locust post Is worth three or four 
P,,. __ . , real wealth into tbe sqfl beyond tbe reach of of Honey Locust. It. makes excellent rails. He 
Honey Locust for Posts, a Missouri correspond¬ 
ent of the Country Gentleman says, is about as 
durable as Sassafras, not equal to Black Walnut, 
and one Black Locust post is worth three or four 
of Honey Locust. It makes excellent rails. He 
in length. 
Another fact I will mention here. At the 
Exhibition a neighbor took one of my po¬ 
tatoes and planted it. He has informed 
me that it did not grow. Now, I will not 
“assert" or “guarantee” that the Early 
Rose even will ripen two crops in one season 
in this latitude, but that, they trill grow and 
produce a second crop, I can prove to the 
satisfaction of all doubters. Those that I 
dug ou the 30th of June were not ripe; but 
I dried them, and intend planting them next 
spring, and 1 firmly believe they will grow — 
James Grace, Ml. Pleasant, Brant Co., Out. 
It was my intention to raise some pota¬ 
toes as early as possible, and after burying 
them, cover them with ice. I thought that 
the potatoes, believing that winter was over, 
might be induced to sprout again. How¬ 
ever, the season was so wet, and having so 
many things to look after, 1 did not get any 
potatoes iu lime to warrant a second crop 
before frost. About the middle of July I 
noticed that several potatoes of the Early 
P , . . . uifu Di ruuu UHJ l liU.il (J[ v J j i UliUtLS CACPilOlll Fill IS xiC.* TJ * 
Gut your drain two feet wide at the sur- everything else but the roots of crops for atlds Honey Locust is much less durable K °se variety, which had pressed out of the 
lace and one foot at the bottom, by two to which it is intended If what uassesti rnuo-i, ia so ™ actions than others, Listing not more ground; had sprouted very nicely, and I 
° tban liaJ f as long in Missouri as iu Kentucky. spaded up an old hot-bed and planted them. 
The potatoes reached maturity about the 
first of August; but they were not taken up 
until the first of September. 
Four varieties of potatoes are distinctly 
marked, and the following are the character¬ 
istics : The first variety bears a slight resem¬ 
blance to the Harison in shape, rather more 
plump, white skinned, smooth, and very deli¬ 
cate. Number of potatoes, twenty-nine; 
aggregate weight, seven pounds two and a- 
half ounces. Six potatoes selected from this 
variety, and all of which are of about equal 
size, weighed two pounds six and a-half 
ounces. 
The second variety is white-skinned, irreg¬ 
ularly shaped, smooth; aggregate weight, 
five pounds nine and three-quarters ounces. 
The third variety, fiesh-colored, eyes deep 
pink, shape very peculiar, oblong, flat, while 
the ends have the appearance of being cut 
squarely off; number of potatoes, eleven; 
aggregate weight, two pounds five ounces. 
Two potatoes of this lot weigh one pound. 
The fourth variety is in color light straw, 
shape oblong; aggregate weight, li}.> ounces. 
Is therc any other case on record like this, 
of two potato balls yielding the first year, 
from the seed, potatoes of the remarkable 
size indicated ; and weighing in the aggre¬ 
gate, 16 pounds 13?4 ounces? 
The above facts are well authenticated; 
and any person calling in question these 
statements, can be fully convinced of their 
truth by calling upon Mr. Strong, who will 
show them these different varieties, and satis¬ 
fy them tbat these potatoes are the product 
of a few seeds of two potato halls, anil grown 
the first year. It is truly wonderful. 
J. K. Kost. 
Plymouth, O., Sept. 15,1869. 
