the ground near the door, for a s*cp in enter¬ 
ing the building, care being taken that it 
does n<Vt remain in too close proximity there¬ 
to over night, as Mr. Rat will know the fact. 
In Figure 4 is shown an end elevation of 
a corn-house, approved by many. It is only 
connected at the bottom by doors, conse¬ 
quently the wagon is driven in the building 
and between the two cribs. It. is supported 
upon eight pillars (Figure 5) made in the 
manner hereinbefore mentioned. However, 
all wooden pillars should be one foot and a 
half in diameter, and stand upon stone blocks 
Rural Arrbitfrturc 
f » 
lowing them to have free access to it during 
the day or at all times, as they choose to take 
it; because, as it is not taken with regularity, 
they will not drink with regularity, which 
has a very important Influence in lessening 
the average yield of milk. Cows, he sajs, 
should never he salted after taking water, 
and then have no chance to drink for hours, 
ns the irritation on account of thirst will ot 
itself operate to depreciate the quality of 
milk and lessen the quantity. I hesc facts 
he says lie learned from one of the best and 
most successful stock keepers in Switzerland, 
and has found by repeated experiment in his 
own practice to be the best course to be 
adopted by dairymen in salting cows in or¬ 
der to get the most milk, and at the same 
time keep them in good health. 
orseman 
atrji fjusbunbrtt 
SHYING HORSES 
ABOUT CORN-HOUSES, 
X. A. WILLARD, A. M., EDITOR, 
Or I. mm I xi.i.ti, IUukiukil COB**r, N«» 1 'oisk. 
L. A. D., in the Scientific American, says 
that a horseman should never “ shy” himself 
when the horse shies, or show the least 
nervousness, nor notice it in the horse, and 
far less punish him for it, and adds:—Allow 
me, having had a great deal of experience in 
managing horses, to add another hit ot advice 
to nervous horsemen. 'Whenever they notice 
their horse directing his ears to an5 r point 
whatever, or indicating the slightest disposi¬ 
tion to become afraid, let them, instead of 
pulling the rein to bring the horse towards 
the object causing its nervousness, pull it on 
the other side. This will instantly divert the 
attention of the horse from the object which 
is exciting his suspicion, and in ninty-nine 
cases out of a hundred the horse will pay no 
more attention to the object, from which he 
will fly away if forcibly driven to it by pulling 
the wrong rein. 
Figure 1 is an elevation of a corn-house 
quite common in Western New York. It 
lias a most pleasant look, is convenient, and 
the cost is reasonable. Doors open at one or 
both ends, as desired. On cac.li side is a 
small trap door, two feet square, through 
which corn is shoveled from a wagon. 
THE COLOR OF MILK 
Dear Sir: Mr. .Tames 
X. A. Willard, Ksq 
Wuitnev, Professor Of Agricultural Chemistry 
of I >10 American Institute, states in New York 
Tribune, Aug. 4th, 1800, that, butter globules in 
milk arc ions shaped anti transparent-, giving 
milk its peculiar or white color. Will you please 
toll us, rfu of the Rural, What gives skimmed 
uiel buttermilk, (that is not supposed to have 
any butter in it,; that Same white color? — O. L. 
Smith, Clyihcr, Chautauqua Co., W. Y. 
Milk of average good (quality contains 
about eighty-seven per cent, of water. It is, 
for the most part, an emulsion of fatty parti¬ 
cles in a solution of casein and milk sugar. 
Thus the proportion may lm stated to be 
very nearly, in one hundred parts, as fol¬ 
lowsWater, eighty-seven parts; butter, 
three and four-tenths; casein, four and live- 
tenths; milk sugar, four and five*tenths; 
which makes ninety-nine and four-tenths— 
the remaining six-tenths being mineral mat¬ 
ters (asb.) Milk varies in its composition in 
different cows at different seasons, or when 
fed upon different kinds of food — the great¬ 
est variation in cither of its solid constituents 
being in the butter. The fatty particles are 
inclosed in little cells of casein. In other 
words, the butter is encased in curd. These 
milk globules arc generally round or egg- 
shaped. They arc of different sizes in differ¬ 
ent animals, and even in animals of the same 
kind they vary from tin: l-2000lh to the 
l-4000th part of an inch. 
Viewed under the microscope, milk ap¬ 
pears as a transparent fluid in which float 
these innumerable small, round, or egg- 
shaped, globules, the so-called milk globules. 
The fluid constitutes the bulk, and the milk 
globules but a small fraction of the milk. 
The white appearance of milk is due to 
milk globules suspended in it. As these 
globules are separated in the shape of cream 
the milk becomes clearer, and acquires a pe¬ 
culiar bluish tint which at Once indicates its 
character. “As blue as skimmed milk” is 
an old adage—a familiar expression if not. a 
familiar fact, to most people, whether they 
be dairymen or otherwise. 
These butter bags, or cells, being lighter 
than water, rise on standing, and are re¬ 
moved as cream. The less transparent the 
milk is the better, and the more butter it. 
contains. If it were possible to separate the 
CHURN MORE MILK OR SKIM 
DEEPER. 
From observation, I believe too many but¬ 
ter makers do not skim as deep or churn as 
much milk as they ought. I hear them say 
often that, they don’t like to get so much 
milk, or sour milk, in with the cream. It is 
a common practice for most butter makers 
to have a skimmer that is perforated with 
holes, that the milk may pass through into 
the pan from which t he cream is being taken. 
If any one Iras a better reason for not skim¬ 
ming deeper, I shall be pleased to hear it, 
and herewith give my reason why I think we 
ought lo skim deeper and chum more milk 
with the cream. 
First, there are lmt few dairy houses so far 
removed from the odors of the kitchen, swill 
pail or barrels, or some decaying vegetable 
matter, as to keep the cream from absorbing 
Pouliioe for IlmXo.—In answer to an .nquiry, 
a correspondent of the New England Farmer 
says:—“A subscriber in East Taunton wants to 
know wbat to do l'or his horse’s feet. I should 
not use cow manure—think it. will create more 
fever, lmt would make a poultice or corn meal 
and soft soap, bind a quantity while warm all 
around the hoof, top and bottom. Let. this bo 
on over night or longer; it will soften the foot 
the best of anything I know of. If the heels are 
contracted there is a patent shoe, made like any 
shoe, except a small lip or spur turned up on the 
inside near the tied (each side,; nml the shoe 
made weak a little back iff the toe cork on each 
side. The shoe is now nailed on and limn spread 
with a pair of tongs a lUtU; do this while tlio 
hoof is soft; and in a fow clays n more. 
Don’t spread too much at a time. After you get 
t he hoof soft, keep it so by keeping him off the 
hard floor." 
WAGON PASSAGE 
To Furr HpliiiU. — D. P. HAWES, Woodvil'.e, 
Iowa, says the following will cure“ Put Into a 
large-mouthed bottle six ounces oil of origanum; 
1 wo ounces gum camphor; two ounces mercuri¬ 
al ointment: oneouncc ttnotureof Iodine. Melt. 
b.y putting the Lottie into cold water, and heat 
the water after the bottle is put in it. Apply 
tw ice, daily, on splints; three time*, daily, on 
spavins, for four or five days, and rest easy as to 
(lie result. I have never failed in either case." 
Fig. 5.—Plan of Floor and Foundation. 
building <>f Ibis character, it is best to nail 
the lower part of each slat, firmly to the sill 
and plate, two nails at each point in every 
slat, as it will add half to the strength of 
structure. In all cribs the inside slats should 
run horizontally. 
Figure 6 represents the manner of framing 
the lients. The attic is large, the cover being 
handed up from the wagon through the 
scuttle in the center of the floor, which is 
partly laid with slats. 
I In rue's Tongue.—To cure, or prevent, a horse 
from thrusting ids tongue out while driving, 
provide a strong silk not; place the tongue 
within it, nud by a small hook attach the uppor 
cud of the net to the loop of the bit,—J. W. S. 
must, bo nearly, if not quite as good, from me 
same cow that is being fed tbc same feed, in 
a warm morning, as it is in a cool morning. 
But wc often get twice the amount of cream 
in the cool days that we do in warm days; 
and the quality is better. Take, for instance, 
the 24th of August, a hot, sultry day, the 
cream hardly paid for tbc labor. Now take 
the 2fitli of the same month, 1869, a good, 
cool day, that gave a nice yield of cream. 
Is it to be supposed that there is that differ¬ 
ence in ilte milk produced from the same 
cows on those days, when the cows were fed 
in the same pasture, that there was in tbo 
amount of hut ter made from their milk by 
skimming the cream only? I have thought 
that when the milk is brought in in a heated 
condition, and placed in a warm room, that 
perhaps many of the butter globules were 
exploded by ihe beat, and that they mingle 
with the milk like alcohol with water, but 
to churn all the milk would be to get more 
butter. I have been using Dr. A. F. Jen¬ 
nings’ Patent Milk Pans this season, and 
find them an excellent thing for cooling milk 
and saving labor. C. L. Smith. 
Chautauqua Co., N. Y. 
Fto. S.'^T'itAMK of Corn-Crib. 
the ears will come out in quantities of not 
more than three bushels at. a lime, as they 
are shoveled away. The floor of the attic, 
B, B, B, should be made of slats, or narrow 
boards, laid one-lialf an inch apart, for hold¬ 
ing the poor corn. If the floor be made tight, 
hitis can he made for storing shelled corn, or 
other grains, out of the reach of rats. Corn 
for seed should have a few husks on, by 
which ft may be bung up near the roof on 
poles there arranged. 
25 FT 
Bunches on Kornev. For all kinds of bunches 
on horses caused by bruises or injuries of any 
Sort, a correspondent recommends tlio rubbing 
such with tincture of arnica, diluting the latter 
in water. 
jmgumc 
REMEDY FOR DIARRHEA 
The simplest means often produce the 
best results, even in the materia mtolka. And 
nothing is welcomed with more gratitude 
than that panacea which alleviates physical 
suffering and restores to health and action 
the deranged and impaired system, especially 
at this time of the year, when half-ripened 
fruit floods the markets added to the de¬ 
bilitating condition of things that make up 
our surroundings, producing cholera morbus, 
cholera infantum and diarrhea. 
To secure greater immunity from the last 
named disease is the object of this note. 1 
give a remedy I have never known to fail, 
even when excruciating pain and cramps 
DOOR 
still contain minute milk globules, with 
shells of casein, or casein in solution, which 
color the fluid. 
It may be observed, in conclusion, that the 
food which cows feed upon sometimes im¬ 
parts Us peculiar tint. It is a well known 
fact that food containing substances of a 
medicinal character which pass rapidly into 
the milk, imparts to it medicinal properties 
similar to those in the substances themselves. 
Thus, if castor oil be given to a milch cow 
in considerable quantities the purgative 
effects of the oil pass into the milk. The 
peculiar flavor of turnips, cabbage or onions 
used as food passing to the milk is of so com¬ 
mon an occurrence to those in t he habit of 
handling milch stock that it will be readily 
recognized as a fact. In like manner the 
tint of some kinds of weeds passes into the 
milk and colors it. 
Fig. 6.—First Floor Plan.' 
Figure 3 delineates the first floor. The 
cribs may be divided into three apartments 
each or left whole, as desired. By removing 
the section, A, of the crib, a room 7 by 8 will 
be obtained, for shelling and other business. 
In dry weather let the doors remain open 
for the purpose of drying the corn. The 
frame of this building may stand on a smooth¬ 
ly built stone wall, or on stone pillars, or on 
pillars built, of brick, or on wooden posts 
covered with tin or zinc, or each post may 
be capped with a tin pan, all of which will 
prevent rats from ascending into the build¬ 
ing. To get a line living, such as a well 
tilled corn crib affords, rats will sometimes 
jump three feet high, hence a building, to bo 
Fto. 6 —Frame of Figure 4, 
During the season of corn gat Iter in g the 
farmer is often hurried so that Ihe corn is 
not sorted in the field; in that case it may 
be placed upon the floor of the attic and 
sorted evenings or rainy days, the sound corn 
passed down iuto the cribs through openings 
in the floor made lor that purpose. This 
floor is reached by stairs hung with a hiuge, 
so as to swing up and listen. 'When down, 
the lower end rests upon the walk ; or per¬ 
manent stairs may be built from the crib bot¬ 
tom upward, reaching these from the ground 
by one or more transferable steps. 
CHEESE FACTORY PLANS 
Will you bo so kind as to give us In I tie Rural 
ninns nml spnollleatlorm ol' whut ia considered 
tlio best style amt kind of factory which will ••«•- 
oommodaie live hundred oows? Having a uqod 
site lor a basement, would you advise pulling 
all under one roof, with the mulct) room In tlio 
basement, and dry room above? Also, where 
water must be pumped twenty 1’eet from n Well, 
which would bo the cheapest, an emrinnor boreo- 
, v, wind-mill ? Is a self-heating or sheet- 
heater to be preferred ?—JAY Hoag, Adrian, 
power, or w 
iron 1—1,_ 1 
Mich. 
I am contemplating a cheese factory, (a new 
thing for this country, or this part at least,) and 
have found no one who can give me the plan tor 
n building. Will you do ft? Gtvo me the plan 
of one that will be large enough to lake care of 
ihf* milk from flvo hundred oowm; also tlio most 
improved presses and whure they can bo ob¬ 
tained. Rufus Ha nor, VtsrtitouUwle, Mich. 
Remarks. —We hope soon to lie able to 
give in the Rural cuts illustrating a con¬ 
venient cheese factory. It is a very good 
way to have all under one roof, and the 
manufacturing department in the base¬ 
ment. And especially is this the case 
where the number of cows from which 
milk is to he delivered is no larger tliau that 
named by our correspondents. Wc should 
advise tliis arrangement where “ the. site” is 
suitable. A wind-mill will be altogether 
the cheapest arrangement for pumping water. 
We have seen quite a number in operation 
at factories, and they give good satisfaction. 
When only one or two va’s arc to be used, 
“self-heating vats” arc perhaps the most 
economical. The sbeet-iion pan is not gen¬ 
erally liked so well as the steam boiler and 
other beating apparatus. Cheese makers 
object to the pan on a-count of making 
more slops, and being le convenient than 
the others. There is a great variety of 
heaters in use, and most of them are well 
adapted to the purpose. 
SALTING MILCH COWS. 
William Eooer of Lowville, Lewis Co„ 
a Swiss dairyman of experience, writes us 
the method practiced in Switerland by the 
best stock keepers in salting stock. He 
says cows should be salted early every morn¬ 
ing, and if they are fed in the stable the salt 
should be given before foddering. Salting in 
this way improves their appetite, they drink 
with more regularity, are kept in better 
health, and give more milk than when salted 
in the usual way, as practiced by dairymen 
in America. He thinks it. very injurious to 
salt milch cows only once or twice a week, 
as they will lick too much salt at one time, 
and drink too much for the day. To have 
stock do well they must be fed with regtt- 
1 irity, every day alike, and never given too 
much of anything at one time. 
lie says throwing a little salt before the 
cows in the morning is much better than nl- 
Fio. 7. 
The manner of constructing the bents of 
a good, substantial corn-house will be found 
in Figure 7. As will be seen, the supporting 
posts enter into and form a portion ot rite 
building. Cover the exposed portions with 
tin or zinc, as recommended. 
L. D. Snook. 
Old Eyes.—A correspondent writes:— 11 0,1 j 
is getting along up in the forties, and Is disposeu 
to complain that the papers are not printed ^ 
well as they used to be, when one washes n 
ub the balls towards tlio nose, n 
their convexity and help to 
her eyes, v 
said it will increase 
retain the vision." 
Oil of Hemlock will Heal a burn and leave no 
scar. It is also one of the best of remedies for 
i flesh wound or an old sore, on man or bests- 
Ho Inflammation nor proud flesh can survive 
where it is applied. It is very economical, an. 
both cheap and good.—E xperience. 
--^ -- 
liable* in France sleep in bran fortbeir bealt - 
flitf.fi with it. It keeps the body or 
Vegetable Cellar.—E. G. D.—Dig your cellar 
under the room adjoining your kitchen, make it 
as deep as possible and drain it dry. A deep dry 
cellar, with a good substantial pointed wall, will 
keep vegetables, ordinarily, without freezing. It 
is w ell to be able to set in a small stove in ex¬ 
treme weather; and a connection with a chim¬ 
ney is convenient. 
Fig. 4 — End Elevation. 
secure from their depredations, should have 
its lower floor three feet from the ground. A 
box or block of wood can be placed upon 
