Japan Pear. — Quinn (N. J.) — I esteem 
this pear very highly, and I find it profitable 
to raise and sell as a cooking and preserving 
pear. The tree is wonderfully beautiful, 
healthy, vigorous and productive. 
President Wilder—I t carries the largest 
and glossiest foliage of any pear in creation. 
It is only good for cooking. 
Quinn— It is valuable as an ornamental 
tree alone. 
Marie Louise d Cedes .— Ho vet —This 
pear is very promising. The tree is an erect 
grower, symmetrical and very productive so 
iur as we can judge by one year’s fruiting. 
It is of brisk flavor, like Marie Louise, 
larger, keeps later, and is of golden russety 
appearance, and promising. 
British Queen,— Houghton (Pa.)—This 
pear is of English origin. Had four speci¬ 
mens on my trees this year. Fruit pyriform, 
Beurre Diel, Swan’s Orange and Louise 
Bonne de Jersey. For the New York mar¬ 
ket he has found, out of filly varieties, onlv 
the following which succeed well and com¬ 
mand the highest market prices -.—Early— 
Bartlett, Doyenne Boussock; Fill— Daphesse 
j d’Angouleme, Beurre Clairgeau, Seckel; 
Winter —Beurre d’Anjou, Lawrence, Vicar 
of IV inkfiekl—all grown as standards except 
Duchesse d’Angouleme. The Glout Mor- 
ceau is worthless in New Jersey. If con¬ 
fined to but two varieties, for profit, he 
would plant Duchesse d’Angouleme and 
Bartlett; for four vaiieties, he would add 
Beurre d’Aujou and Vicar of Winkfield; 
for six varieties, he would add to the four 
named Luwrence and Doyenne Boussock. 
Concerning Aspect, liis experience has 
taught him to favor a Northeastern aspect 
on rising ground; and to prevent the buds 
swelling too early in spring he mulches the 
ground about the body of the tree late in 
fall with salt hay, straw or other litter, 
and thus prevents the alternate freezing and 
thawing of the ground about the roots of 
the tree. He says there is no advantage in 
ripening pears early for market; because the 
early pears must compete with peaches and 
other fruits, and always at a disadvantage. 
He urges that the orchard should be shel¬ 
tered from the prevailing wind with belts or 
parallel lines of evergreens. He has formed 
BIENNIAL MEETING 
Of the American Poinoloincal Society. 
The DlHcimMSon on Pears. 
(Continued from Pu#e W8.) 
Rogers .— Hovey (Mass.)—Have had three 
or four years’ experience with it. It is very 
handsome. Resembles Washington in ap- 
pearunce. It is likely, I think, to become 
very valuable. I have fruited it but once. 
It is an excellent pear, fair size, good, vigor¬ 
ous grower, rather smull foliage. It is simply 
promising and worthy of attention. 
Hyde (Mass.)—I presume it to he a seed¬ 
ling -of the Washington; it is larger than 
M ashington, longer, good grower, early 
left upon the tree too long. It is promising. 
President Wilder—I t is with me a strong 
grower and a promising pear. 
Hyde (Mass.)—It is a vigorous tree. The 
fruit has a long stem, and I never saw a pear 
with this characteristic which amounted to 
much. It is of good quulity. 
Oen. lottleben. — Information was asked 
for concerning this variety, and President 
Wilder said, It is a vigorous, hardy tree, 
productive; fruit large, first-rate quality; 
keeps through December beautifully. When 
it is fit to cat it should be eaten at once or it I 
is gone. 
Hovey (Mass.)—There are specimens of it 
hero. It is a new pear. The tree is a vigor¬ 
ous grower, but of crooked, sprawling habit. 
It strongly resembles Marie Louise. 
President Wilder —Tt has a yellowish 
leaf, beam moderately, but promises to be a 
good bearer, 
Sheldon .—President Wilder — The Shel¬ 
don does uui rot at. the core—it rots all the 
way through, if not picked early and eaten 
when in condition. 
Coit (Conn.)—It cracks badly with me— 
has for three years. 
President Wilder—A few have cracked 
with me, but not to any serious extent. 
I subsoils again, prepares the ground for root 
crops, applies and harrow's iu five hundred 
to six hundred pounds of super-phosphate to 
the acre, and, if potatoes are the crop, puts 
w'ood-ashes into the drill at the time of 
planting. Sets the trees, on soil thus pre¬ 
pared, in the fall. 
The distance apart in planting must de¬ 
pend on mode of training and the use to be 
made of the ground between the rows. Stand¬ 
ards pruned to make pyramids may be 
planted twelve feet apart in row', and rows 
Sixteen feet apart; dwarfs ten by ten feet. 
Every tenth space is left fifteen feet wide, 
among dwarfs, so as to permit carts to puss 
for manuring trees, gathering fruit, etc. Po¬ 
tatoes, carrots, beets, onions, turnips, cur¬ 
rants (three and a half feet apart in rows 
midway between the pear trees) may be 
planted between the rows. Discontinue 
these crops after five or six years and culti¬ 
vate the surface two or three inches deep 
with cultivator or horse hoe often enough to 
keep the soil loose and weeds down. 
Dwarfs vs. Standards .—Dwarfs are declared 
a failure. Only the Duchesse d’Angouleme 
does well on quince. He used to plant trees 
not less than two years old; now' prefers 
well-grown one year old stocks. The trees 
cost but half as much, grow' more uniform in 
size and shape, with less labor. Mr. Quinn 
admonishes people not to buy trees of ped¬ 
dlers; not to buy dw-arfs high-worked; to 
select low r trained stocky trees, dw arfs or 
standards; and not receive trees affected 
with the bark louse. 
The Time of Planting may be iu fall, after 
the leaves drop, (mulching trees so planted 
with hay, straw, long manure, or charcoal 
cinders,) or in spring, according to circum¬ 
stances and time. He has noticed that fall- 
planted trees arc usually more carefully 
planted because there is less hurry; and he 
discovers little differqace, in the after pros¬ 
perity of the tree, between fall and spring 
planting. If planted iu spring, it should be 
early. Of all the new pears it is valuable— 
l * 1 w >" not say for market—and is an abuud- 
! ant. bearer of fruit of good size. 
Bonners. —[The reporter cannot vouch for 
the correctness of the orthography of the 
name,] Beuckmans (Ga.)—This variety 
originated in Hancock Co., Ga. It is of 
medium size, is between buttery und melting, 
5 with almond flavor. It colors best on the 
quince. The tree is vigorous, and holds its 
• foliage well. The young shoots are reddish 
brown. It is also known as “Pope” in 
1 Washington Co., Ga. 
Abercrombie, — Bgrckmans — This is an 
Alabama seedling, small fruit, slightly pyri- 
' form, brownish red, melting, good flavor; 
ripens with us, in Georgia, very early in 
Jane. It is an excellent pear, but the tree 
is a poor grower, though a good bearer. 
I RIKRSON (Tenn.)— ft is wholly worthless 
with us; fruit mealy; foliage drops early, 
Beurre Coit. —President Wilder —It is a 
fine growing tree, bearing very good fruit, 
resembling iu appearance and color the Grey 
Brown Beurre. 
Cam de France.— Hovey— This is a very 
valuable pear w'hich was introduced here 
many years ago—in 1833 or ’34—by Mr. 
Manning. It is but little known. The 
cions came from Van Mons. It is a slow 
grower and tardy bearer. It improves, and 
we regard it as one of the best late pears w'e 
grow'. Its season is January to March 1st. 
The fruit is showy, bronze, russet, ruddy 
cheek, speckled, keeps well in barrels like 
the Baldwin apple and ripens up without 
any trouble. The tree is upright, erect; the 
liuit blows oil rather easily. Kept as dw'arfs 
it does not bear early. If grown without 
pruning it will bear well. It is one of the 
best winter pears we have. 
President Wilder -We had it twenty 
years before getting fruit from it. It is almost 
the only late winter pear we can grow. 
Souvenir d' Esperin, —Satterthwait (Pa.) 
—It is a. handsome but worthless fruit—good j 
for nothing to eat. 
President Wilder— It ripens in Noveui- * 
her, and if eaten when ripe is good. It is a « 
fine tree and fine fruit when properly 1 
watched. j 
Marg.— Houghton (Pa.)—I have fruited £ 
it. It follows Doyenne d’Ete in season. It 1 
is larger than any of the early summer pears, t 
It has very tough skin and beam handling 1 
wel 1. 1 1 is of good flavor, siightly astringent, 1 
and aromatic. It is remarkably prolific and 1 
handsome. f 
HIGBY SWEET APPLE. 
Synonyms.—Lady's, Blush, Fenton Sweet, 
Trumbull Sweet. 
Fruit, — Size medium, or above; form 
roundish, conical, flattened at ends, often 
one side enlarged or slightly oblique; color 
clear pale yellow', with a faint tinge of red 
in the sun, and a few small, obscure, suffused, 
reddish dots 
lowish color, a little blush; season last ol 
September and October. It is a fine, melt¬ 
ing pear. • 
President Wilder— It is a healthy tree; 
Iruit Passe Colmar flavor, and rather above 
medium size. 
Kirtlmd. —Satterthwait (Pa.)— 1 This is 
a very good,saleable pear. Season, August; 
but it must be picked early, as it goes quick 
When ripe. 
Berckalanb (Ga.)—It is very handsome, 
hut must be eaten as soon as ripe. 
Hicks (N. Y.)—It must be picked two 
weeks before it is ripe, and ripened in a dark 
room. It is an excellent pear to eat, and we 
regard it a profitable one to grow. 
Charles Downing— I consider it one of 
the best of pears. Il must be picked three 
weeks before it is ripe. 
Moore (R. I.)— 1’ho tree is a good grower 
but the fruit cracks badly in Rhode Island. 
Arnold (Ontario,)—It succeeds w'ell with 
us. No cracking of fruit. 
Earle (.Mass.)—The tree is beautiful aud 
a strong grower; bears well every year. 
Fruit good, medium size, very handsome, 
and if picked two weeks before ripening, it 
is first quality. If left on the tree until ripe, 
it becomes mealy and rots. 
Berckmans (Ga.) — Upon what kind of 
soil are the pears gentlemen talk of growm ? I 
and upon what kind of stocks are they 
worked? It seems to me that in estimating 
the relative value of the testimony given 
these, these facts must be taken into con¬ 
sideration. 
Edmonds. — Sylvester (N. Y.) — This 
pear does well on quince. 
Buerre Montgcron, —Satterthwait (Pa.) 
—It is the most valuable pear I know of. It 
colors finely. It is the best pear on account 
of color I have, out of five to six hundred 
varieties. 
Beurre Durand,— President Wilder—I t 
is a good hardy tree, good grower, but I 
liav never been able to make mneli nf if 
stem medium, often short and 
rather slender, usually set a little on one side 
ol an open, rather deep cavity; calyx small 
to medium, generally closed; basin deep, 
abrupt, slightly furrowed; flesh white, very 
tender, juicy, delicate, rich, sweet; core 
small, compact; seeds plump, roundish, 
ovate, sharply pointed; season October to 
December. 
Tree .—A vigorous, healthy, upright grower 
while young, with moderate sized shoots. 
In the orchard it makes a round, regular, 
open head, aud forms a rather large tree, 
producing almost annually and abundantly 
a fair even-sized fruit. Originated in Trum¬ 
bull county, Ohio. 
Remarks. —This is, comparatively, a new 
variety, but a very hardy tree, productive, 
and one of the most delicate and pleasant of 
all the sweet apples. It is especially suited 
for table use, or for cooking, or for other uses 
surtace soil, after drawing each root out to 
its full length at right angles to the body of 
the tree; holds each layer of roots up until 
the earth is up to its level; shakes the tree 
occasionally to settle the soil about the roots, 
mounds the soil up above tbe level of the 
surface four or five inches, and then presses 
