and shelving in preference to the ranges. In 
addition to the saving in room by the use of 
tables and shelving, they are less expensive 
than the range and setters, to say nothing of 
the cost of patent on the latter. 
To those who prefer the range, and are in 
doubt in regard to the validity of the patent, 
we have no advice to give, since we have 
not examined the ease, and know nothing of 
its merits. For our part we should he glad 
to see this matter settled. If Mr. Scott is 
the inventor of this range device, and has a 
patent covering the* principl we should 
advise him to relieve dairymen of their 
doubts by bringing a suit against some of the 
persons using the range without license. A 
decision by the courts in this matter would 
without doubt be a great relief to all parties 
concerned. 
Ultra I ^rdutecture 
much less mucilage and other respiratory 
matter in cotton cake. This deficiency is 
compensated, to a certain degree, by the 
larger amount of oil in cotton cake. The 
proportion of indigestible woody fiber in 
decorticated cotton cake is small, and not 
larger than in the best linseed cake. Lastly, 
it may be observed that the ash of cotton 
cake is rich in bone material, and amounts 
to about the same quantity as that contained 
in other oil cakee. 
Two specimens of cotton seed meal, on 
analysis, gave the following results: 
No. 1. No. s. 
MnluturC.-. ».40 10.21 
Oil. 17.39 19.71 
Albuminous ounipoinicli (tlesti forming 
mutter*).43.M 40.25 
Quin, mucilage.. Migar anil iltgcatiblo 
tiiiorOieui producing subatancen). 11.21 10.38 
IndigOBIiW* woody Oner. 10.44 0.81 
Inorganic mutter (ash). 7.70 7.01 
100.00 100.00 
On analyzing the nsh cake it gave the fol¬ 
lowing average composition: 
Potash... 39.040 
Soda. None. 
Chloride of sodium....None. 
Lime. 8.7.iii 
Miignerhi. 18.980 
Oxide of Iron..".. .. 1.030 
Phosphoric ut’ld. 89.(49 
Sulphuric in-id. .Rill 
< 'urboriic ftcjd .,..303 
Soluble sllldn. ri.fc:: 
Insolubletlliciuua mutter (muid),. .. 17.700 
99.724 
From this analysis it will be seen that, for 
the purpose of supplying animals with bone 
materials, cotton seed is a very valuable 
kind of food. 
The conclusion which Dr. Voelckkr 
draws from his numerous analyses is as 
follows:—" The best cotton rake Ts richer 
in oil and albuminous (llosh-forming) com¬ 
pounds than linseed cake, but contains less 
mucilage and other respiratory constituents. 
The mineral portion of cotton-cake resembles 
closely, in composition, that of linseed and 
other oil-cakes. Like the ash of all cakes, it 
is rich in earthy and alkaline phosphates, 
and well adapted to supply animals with 
bone materials. Genuine oil meal is simply 
thick decorticated cuke reduced to a coarse 
powder, and of course has the same com¬ 
position as the cake from which it. is made. 
Decorticated cotton cake and oil meal, in 
comparison with other kinds of artificial 
food, are decidedly cheap feeding materials.” 
In the early manufacture of cotton seed 
IDeal, injurious effects wen* sometimes at¬ 
tributed to its use as a cattle food, on account 
of the large per centage of indigestible 
woody matter, or husk ol the seed, which it 
contained. This hard shell in which the 
kernel of cotton seed is encased being remov¬ 
ed or taken out by the manufacturers of the 
cottonseed meal, makes it unobjectionable in 
this respect. 
If any of our readers have had experience 
in feeding cotton seed meal we should be glad 
to get llic result of such experience and 
especially so if any bad effects have come 
from its use. 
portmiity to become dry. These are the 
conditions and difficulties to be met. The 
object will be to cover the surface of the 
old boards with a durable coat of paint, at 
the cheapest possible expense. If good oil 
paint be applied until the small cracks are 
all filled, and until the porous grain of the 
dry wood will absorb no more oil, a coat of 
paint will be formed that will wear almost 
an age. But the large quantity required 
would cost much more than most people 
will care to expend in paint ing an old house, 
when some cheaper material will subserve 
the same satisfactory purpose. The idea is 
to fill the porous and cracked surface with a 
cheap material that will prevent the oil from 
separating from the paint and entering the 
wood. It is not essential to the. durability 
of the siding that the wood beneath the sur¬ 
face be saturated with oil, so long as the 
surface is properly protected with a thin 
coaling impervious to water. 
Make a gallon of good paste, of wlieaten 
or rye floyr, then have ready a pound of 
cheap rice and a half pound of cheap glue 
boiled to a consistence as thin as very thin 
molasses, that may be poured out quickly, 
and stir the three ingredients together while 
they are hot, and apply it with a brush so as 
to till up all the sun-cracks and cover the 
rough surface ol' the siding, thus forming a 
smooth foundation for the oil paint. A larger 
quantity may be made with the same propor¬ 
tion of material as 1 have indicated. The 
siding should he scraped clean and smooth 
in case moss has collected on the surface, 
and sizing sufficient to till the ornebs should 
l»e applied with care, while warm, by some 
person who will lay it on smoothly. In ease it 
be daubed On too thickly, a heavy scale will 
be liable to peel off. Cover the coat of siz¬ 
ing immediately a\ illi good oil paint. A few 
gallons of such sizing costing only a few 
dimes, will save more than fifty dollars in 
painting a building, and will subserve a satis¬ 
factory purpose.— Sereno Howards Todd., 
Brookly n , L. I. 
In 1821 1 built a house in Cleveland, 0. ( 
and used pine siding upon ilie front; for 
lack of means the house remained without 
paint ten years or more. A mucilage of 
boiled flaxseed, strained, was first applied, 
followed by lead and oil. It has been paint¬ 
ed once since and is now in good condition. 
—S. Bf.lciieh, Cleml/md, O. 
ltsbtnibrii 
ABOUT SMOKE-HOUSES 
Ov Lrm-fc Fai.i*, IUiiumku County, New Yobk, 
A fire and burglar-proof smoke-house is 
an essential on farms where hogs are kept 
and slaughtered, and hams, shoulders and 
bacon are eaten and relished. From forty 
to fifty hams can be smoked ul one time in 
a smoke-house six to eight feet square. Wc 
give herewith an elevation of one six by 
seven feet, First dig out the entire surface 
of the ground the size of the building, ex¬ 
cavating two to three feet deep, or at least 
below frost; fill up to the surface with small 
stones. On the foundation lay a brick floor 
in lime and sand. The walls are of brick. 
COTTON SEED MEAL. 
Liverpool Cheese Stocks nml Prices.— The fol¬ 
lowing statement of stocks arid prices Of cheese 
in the Liverpool market (England) for the past, 
seven years will be of interest and value to 
dairymen. It is from a reliable English firm. It 
will bo seen that the avitrture prioe on the 30th 
September tliis year lebottor than in 1800, though 
for the higher grades of cheese the llgures are 
t he same* 
The prices reaped by American dairymen in 
ISfift were, on the whole, the best of any that had 
been realized up to t lint time. 
Statement o.t Stocks in this Market, (Liverpool,) and 
Comparative Prices for the Past Seven Years: 
Tons. per Cwt. 
30th September. 1803,. 51 aw. to 55s. 
“ “ J»',4. 500.3Kh. “ 598. 
» “ 1805. 1,712 32a. “ 58s. 
•* •' 1807. 5*0.35a. •• 508. 
“ •• 1808,. 2.020.408. “ 60s. 
“ . •• 1.809. 518 . 50s. " 65s. 
It will be remarked that the stocks in market 
on the noth of September, 1A05), as compared with 
former years, mo very moderate. Only about 
half what, they were in 1388, nml hut very little 
more than u quarter what they wen- last year. 
The excess of stocks last yeti rover tills year, was 
ubont 3,000.000 of pounds, which, If represented 
lu boxes of fifty pounds each, would be 00.000. 
As the shipments thin year have been larger 
than last year, while the English make this year 
is also eta lined to be greater t han last year, this 
statement of stocks is suggestive, and looks well 
for American dairying. 
L.SU15i( 
A RIlICK SMOKE-HOUSE. 
eight inches thick and seven feet In height, 
with a door of wood on one side, two and a 
half feet in w idth, lined upon the inside with 
sheet iron. For the top, put on joists two 
by four, set edgewise, eight, inches from cen¬ 
ter to cent er, cover with brick laid in a heavy 
coat of mortar. A number of iron books, 
firmly attached to the joists, will be found 
convenient for banging the meat on, which 
is best, done by inserting a strong twine 
string through the upper portion of the ham 
or shoulder. The roof may be of shingles or 
slate. The cost of such a smoke-house is 
from $25 to $35. 
Good corn cobs arc most used for produc¬ 
ing smoke, and do not give an objectionable 
flavor to the meat. Hickory wood is pre¬ 
ferred by some. To produce a gradual smoke 
for a number of hours in succession, take a 
shovel full of burning coals from the stove, 
place them in the smoke-house upon the 
brick floor, or, what is better, in a kettle, 
lay on a few sticks of wood, or a handful 
or two of corn cobs, which should not be so 
dry a9 to blaze. 
bt dlafnralxst 
A SWILL DART 
THE PELICAN, 
T. S. Chapman, Rockford, Ill., sends draw¬ 
ings of a swill cart, from which the accom¬ 
panying engravings are made. The parts 
are so distinctly given in the engravings that 
The author of the article on this bird is 
not fully posted on Ornithology, or lie would 
not omit North America as one of ils places 
of abode. Here we see them in flocks of 
half a dozen to hundreds; and a splendid 
sight it is to sec a Hock soaring in the sun¬ 
light. Naturalists were for a long time of 
the opinion that ours and the Asiatic were 
distinct, but now all agree that they are the 
same. And why not,? It is a bird of im¬ 
mense flight, and in llic summer could easily 
cross Behring’s Straits and come down 
along our Pacific coast. 1 shot one a few 
years since whose expanse of wing was nine 
feet eight inches; height, five feet, 
Bluffton, Mo. S. Miller. 
THE RANGE AND SETTER, 
The Validity of rlic i’nienl ami its Value 
for f’urinu' Cheese. 
There lias been an agent here to collect pay 
on vvlint he olaiins is u patent right on the 
" Range ami Setter" lor curing cheese, claimed 
to be Scott's iintent, obtained in I860- Is there 
such a patent OJJ17 and can tie make me pay If 
I throw them out and put lu tables ! lie claims 
thirty cents a cow ol’ me. Which would you 
prefer, the range or a table? 1 have to gel one 
or the other. J. IL, O mulct Co,, A r . Y„ Oct. ID. 
Remarks. — We have several letters 
making inquiries similar to the above. Wc 
understand that Scott lias letters patent on 
[ the “ Range and Setter;” but ns to the va¬ 
lidity of the patent we are not informed. So 
fur as wo have beard, the matter has never 
been tested in the courts. We hear of par¬ 
ties from time to lime who refuse to pay for 
the privilege of using this range, and, al¬ 
though they have been threatened AV’ith 
prosecution, the suits do not come off. Wc 
have been told that in some counties of the 
Stale laclorymcn arc united to resist the 
claim, but wo cannot vouch for the truth of 
the statement. There is evidently a good 
deal of dissatisfaction among faclorymen in 
regard to this patent, since the “ Range and 
Setter” was iu use at the factories some con¬ 
siderable time before “ letters patent ” were 
obtained. In 1803, the New York Sum 
Agricultural Society employed us to write a 
pamphlet on the “ Associated Dairies or 
Cheese Factories of N. Y.;” in that work 
wc gave a drawing of the “ Range and Set¬ 
ter,” wliielt had then been in use for some 
time. Our correspondent says Scott’s 
patent was obtained in 1800. How early the 
“ Range and Setter ” was in use at the fac¬ 
tories we are. unable to say; but if the patent 
was obtained in 1806, it must have been in 
use several years before that date. 
In the day when large cheeses were in 
fashion the " range and setter” proved to be 
a very useful device; but at this present 
little description is necessary. We give two 
elevations, the first showing the cart loaded 
ready to be wheeled to the pens; the second 
showing its position during the process of 
Farmers living near the Mississippi and 
Illinois rivers, and other localities where the 
gopher is unknown, have but little or no 
excuse for gaps in their hedges. It is truly 
discouraging, when you have taken all pos¬ 
sible pains to secure a perfect stand and 
good growth the first season, to find, late in 
the fall, that the gophers have cut off a fourth 
or even a third of your plants, a few inches 
under the surface, which they often do. It 
is almost impossible to fill up gaps thus made, 
unless you first trap the gophers, as they will 
cont inue to take the re-plants year after year. 
To trap a gopher, use the common rat steel- 
trap in his underground track, a little below 
the bottom of it, and slightly covering it. 
Gilman, Iroquois Co., III., I860. 
JTuure 1. Figure 2. 
employing it. Figure 1 shows the form and 
mode of supporting the tub or barrel which 
contains the swill. Figure 2 shows the mau 
nor in which the forward part of the frame 
is attached to an,d supported by the axle of 
the cart. The advantages of its use and its 
adaptation to his individual wants will be 
apparent to each swineherd. 
A WOOD SMOKE-HOUSE. 
We also give herewith another elevation 
with a wood exterior. We give it because 
it often happens that it is not so convenient 
nor so cheap to build of brick. This house 
is the same size as that of the brick. The 
sides of the interior for three feet from the 
floor should be covered with sheet iron or 
zinc to prevent damage ft out fire. 
Ilow to illnkt* a llog Pen.— The Ohio Farmer 
says“ Take two pieces of sLx-by-tsight I Ivnber, 
each fourteen loot long; dress one ettd ol' each 
in form ol' a sled runner, then lay them parallel 
eight feet apart, with the six-inch edge on the 
ground; now take four scantling and halve or 
tenon In crosswise one piece at each end, and 
one foot from the ends uf the runners, leveling: 
the four-inch strips oue and fine-half Inches be¬ 
low the level line of the upper side of the run¬ 
ners; next lay a lloor of one and one-half inch 
plank over one-half of the surface, say eight by 
six feet. Next mortise in fQur-by-four scant¬ 
ling at each corner and midways for posts on 
which to nail boards for the enclosing. Let 
these four posts be flushed with the outside line 
of the runners; then nail inch boards on the 
inside, dividing the whole with a cross fence or 
partition on a line, of the floor. Roof over the 
floored part from the trough across one end or 
side of the floored part, and with a slide door 
shut your hogs in or out of that part, and your 
pen is completed." 
NUTMEGS. 
The Indian Archipelago is the country of 
the nutmeg. It grows on trees, which com¬ 
mence to bear at the age of seven years and 
continue to bear for many years, like our 
apple. From flowering to the ripening of 
the fruit is about seven months. The aver¬ 
age product of a tree in full hearing is live 
pounds of nutmegs and one and a quarter 
pounds of mace. The harvest is from Sep¬ 
tember to December, but a small harvest is 
made in May unil June. The mace is an 
imperfect, covering for the nutmeg (not the 
husk). The mace is flattened by the hands 
and laid on mats to dry in the sun. After¬ 
ward it is dried by coal fires and packed for 
exportation. The nutmegs are more diffi¬ 
cult to dry. They arc dried by fire alone 
for several months, like smoking meat, 
although without much smoke. When 
thoroughly dried they are packed in tight 
casks, lined and smoked. 
TO PAINT AN OLD HOUSE, 
When the paint has disappeared to such 
an extent that the surface of the siding is 
rough and full of minute sun-cracks, the dry 
and porous wood will absorb three times as 
much oil as will be required to cover the 
same extent of surface were the siding new 
and just planed. Indeed, the absorptive ca¬ 
pacity of such weather-beaten lumber is so 
great that the dry grain of the timber will 
absorb a large proportion qf tlio oil and 
leave the paint on the surface, where it will 
shortly dry into a powder that the storms 
will remove in a comparatively brief period. 
The grand object in covering the surface 
of the siding with paint is to protect the 
grain of the wood from getting soaked with 
water, as the grain expands every time 
water is applied to it, and contracts, forming 
cracks on the surface whenever it has an op- 
Fnll nna W inter Management of Swine.—I am 
a young 1 funner and need all the tiyht 1 can tret. 
I should bo triad to loaru more than I know of 
the best way to feed, shelter and take care of the 
health of swine during winter. What is the cheap¬ 
est way in which to provldo for them?—J. D. 
Ames. 
