>.1 
Though the river Steyer passes the place at 
no great distance, it does not appear that 
any communication exists between them; at 
nil events, there is reason to believe that the 
lake received no contribution to its waters 
from the river, though the contrary may be 
possible. The water of the stream is said to 
be chemically different from that contained 
in the newly discovered natural reservoir. 
As may bo supposed, all sorts of theories 
have been invented to explain this surprising 
phenomenon. According to one ol them, the 
ground had been gradually undermined by 
the action of subterranean water, and the 
fall of the roof of the space thus hollowed 
out occurred as a matter of course. The 
village of Moll is situated at a considerable 
elevation above the level of the sea, and the 
spot ■where the lake is now to bo found was 
before this unexpected change a gently un¬ 
dulating plain. 
crust may be spread in a basin or pudding- 
dish, the cored and quartered apples put in, 
an inch or more deep, with other fruits if 
desired, such as blackberries, whortleberries, 
grapes, Ac. A similar crust is spread over 
the top, and it is steamed an hour, care being 
taken in all these cases not to let the steam¬ 
ing cease until it is done. The pan dump¬ 
ling is not so likely to be light as the others, 
probably from the accumulation of juice 
within. 
The due medium of moisture and light¬ 
ness is best attained in the turn-over dump- 
ting, Roll out the scalded crust ns above, 
cut each common-sized apple quarter into 
about four pieces, to each pint of apple add 
a large handful of raisins, with the water in 
which they have been cooked, and stir in 
two or three large spoonfuls of wheat meal 
to absorb the moisture, empty into the crust 
and fold them in turn-over fashion; pin or 
tie the whole in a wet cloth, put it into hot 
water and boil fast for an hour. Put some 
dish under it to prevent its sticking to the 
kettle, and be careful not to let the water 
become exhausted. When taken from the 
water turn out at once, and serve warm with 
a fruit pudding sauce. 
All the above dumplings arc more or less 
palatable baked, excepting the last, which 
would be too hard. 
A boiled pudding, a very plain one, is 
made with three or lour cups of apples, cut 
as above, one cup of wheat meal, one cup of 
corn meal, and one cup of line flour, with 
water enough to make a stiff batter. It can 
also be made with other fruit. The fine 
flour might also be omitted; boil an hour 
and a half in a pudding boiler, and serve 
warm with a sweet sauce. 
BEE MANAGEMENT. 
amxstic (tcanami) 
Mr. Baldridge sa)'s (sec Rural Oct. 9, 
page 640,) every frame in the hive will yield 
a dollar’s worth of honey. True, when the 
comb is filled with honey; but all apiarians 
know that only about one-half of the comb 
is used for storing honey, and the other half 
is used for breeding ; and this is the central 
part. Mi*. Baldridge's correspondent had 
better use the caps on the top part, and not 
try to lake out the under part before he has 
more information, I think. If ho does not 
choose to buy the patent, and machine, hut 
continues to use the box hive, I suggest that 
lie make his hives seven inches higher than 
usual and at least twelve and a half inches 
CONDUCTED BY MARY A. E. WAGER. 
BEE KEEPING 
Foviy Years Airo amt Now 
APPLES WITH OTHER FRUIT, ETC, 
Forty years ago I commenced keeping 
bees — paid for my first swanu by extra 
work. It w'as in a box hive, of course, for 
no such thing as a patent was known in all 
the country then. The management, of 
those days was as near a negative; quantity 
as it could well be, and be at nil. The rule 
was to let the hives stand almost untouched 
through the. whole summer, and kill the bees 
of a few doomed ones in the lull. When 
BY JULIA COLMAX, 
Apples combine harmoniously with other 
materials more extensively than any other 
fruit with which we arc acquainted. Among 
the different varieties of apples we prefer 
the rich, tender, sub-acid Rhode Island 
Greening for cooking; and as this is a 
standard and popular fruit w ith which most 
cooks are more or less familiar, we shall 
shape our recipes to it, and they must be 
modified to suit other varieties according to 
the judgment of the experimenter. It is 
only fair to say, however, that good dishes 
cannot be made of poor fruit; and many 
a recipe is condemned for lack of good ma¬ 
terial. 
For fruit sauce for the table, with meats, 
apples may be varied and improved by cook¬ 
ing with the more acid fruits, as cranberries, 
grapes, quinces, say two-thirds of the 
former to one-third of the latter, or in other 
proportions, and sweetened to suit the taste. 
They are more delicate if strained through a 
colander, as a marmalade. These dishes can 
easily be made to supersedo the mangoes, 
pickles, catsups, Ac., in common use, ami 
their acid is as much more agreeable to the 
unperverted taste, as it is wholesome to the 
entire organism. Another excellent acid 
dish, and especially adapted to he eaten with 
meats and vegetables, is stewed apples and 
onions, in proportions to sun Iho taste, usu¬ 
ally with a slight preponderance of I he apples. 
The sliced onions should be stewed tender, 
which requires an hour or more, and the ap¬ 
ples, unpared and sliced, may be added fif¬ 
teen or twenty minutes before the onions are 
done. Salt or not, as you please. You may 
finish with more or less fluid or Juice, but (as 
in all kinds of fruit sauces) the medium is 
best—neither a watery thinness nor a repul¬ 
sive dryness. These, like all other fruits, 
should not be slewed in metal of any kind. 
Many housekeepers already pursue this 
course from motives of economy. They 
know that, slewing fruit in tin “ruins I lie 
basins,” as good Mrs. W. sakl the other day, 
but she did not slop to reflect that the tin 
which the acid took off from her basins all 
went into the stomachs of her family, and 
that tin is not a wholesome diet. Porcelain 
lined utensils are the best. The yellow 
crockery ware is also unobjectionable, but 
the red is said to import a very little of the 
red lead in the glazing to the acids. 
Some excellent, side-dishes may be made 
with a basis of apples. A dish that might 
he called sealed riec is made with chopped 
apple and dry rice—about a gill of the latter 
thoroughly mingled with a quart of chopped 
apples, and pul into a pipkin, Stew-pan, or 
jar, with one-third of a pint of water. Seal 
close by putting paste between, the cover and 
the jar, and cook two hours or more, in a 
very slow oven. This may also he eaten as 
a dessert, with milk, cream, sugar, or with a 
fruit-pudding sauce. 
Another dish, Broicn Ben, is made by pitt¬ 
ing quartered and cored apples into a jar 
with about half water enough to cover them. 
Place over these an equal quantity of rye 
and Indian bread - crusts; some dispose of 
the entire upper mist in this way. If very 
hard, the latter should be dipped in hot 
water. Let it all barely simmer on the top 
of the stove until the apples are perfectly 
tender; then stir them up with the bread 
into a uniform muss, smooth over, ancl serve 
warm. It is a great favorite with many. By 
adding sugar and currants, or well cooked 
raisins, this may also he used as a dessert. 
Apple dumplings are not in very good re¬ 
pute for wholesomeness, but the fault lies 
with the pastry rather than with the fruit. 
They are much improved when made 
properly with good wheat meal, (coarse Gra¬ 
ham Hour,) although it should be remembered 
that boiled farinaceous preparations require 
more care in mastication than those which 
are baked. If you have tins large enough 
to hold a good sized apple, and tin inch and 
a half deep or more, you can make dump¬ 
lings with a batter crust. Oil the tins 
slightly', make a batter as for wheat meal 
batter-biscuit, or a trifle thicker, put a 
spoonful of batter in the tin, press down into 
it an apple, pared and cored, cover it with 
batter, put it into a steamer and steam three- 
fourths of an hour. Serve warm with a 
pudding sauce made with lemon juice, sugar 
and water, and thicken with wheat meal— 
one large lemon or two small ones to a pint 
of sauce. This sauce can also be made with 
the juice of apples or other fruits. 
Dumplings can be made with a scalded 
crust by pouring boiling water into good 
wheat meal and stirring it (as little as possi¬ 
ble) into a dough as soft as can be handled, 
roll out a quarter of an inch thick, inclose a 
pared ancl cored apple in it, and steam forty 
minutes. Serve as above. 
Iu rnakiug pan dumplings this scalded 
PHOTOGRAPHIC DRAWING. 
Tins important problem of measuring dis¬ 
tances and constructing plans and maps by 
means of photography, lias at last been 
solved. Since the art of photography has 
been sufficiently improved to permit the ap¬ 
paratus to bo easily moved from place to 
place, and to produce pictures which aro 
correct in a perspective point of view, the 
Berlin photographer, Herr Maydkn bauer, 
Inis paid great attention to the subject At 
length he succeeded in convincing the Prus¬ 
sian Government of the correctness of his 
theories, and was commissioned to survey a 
fortification. The task was beset with innu¬ 
merable difficulties, which for the most part 
sprang from t he defective nature of the in¬ 
struments. In six months, however, ho suc¬ 
ceeded in obtaining eight hundred plates, 
and in doing so gained invaluable experi¬ 
ence, so Unit he met with no great difficulty 
in completing a phologrammetric instrument 
of such simplicity that a workman quite un¬ 
acquainted with the art was able to draw up 
a special plan of a fortress on the scale of 
one to two thousand five hundred, after a 
few short instructions. The photographic 
camera can therefore in future be employed 
for a number of important, purposes. 
: : ’ - • - 
Ill V I NO BEES FORTY 
the lime came for the deed, a pit was dug— 
a veritable brimstone pit—matches made of 
splinters of wood, holding strips of cloth 
that had been dipped in melted sulphur, 
were stuck in the bottom, fired, and the poor 
innocents, closely shut in their Live, set over 
them. No one had any idea of surplus 
boxes, and for a novice to experiment with 
them was the signal for gray heads, wise in 
bee lore, to prophesy failure. Indeed, it was 
very significantly said by the oldest bee 
keepers 1 knew that a certain person could 
never succeed with bees because be meddled 
with them too much. 
When the bees swarmed, 
tin pans and the blowing 
deemed Indispensable, 
CLEAN LINEN. 
I do not like to vend articles like the one 
in a recent Rural with the above title; it 
makes me discontented and dissatisfied. I 
think the writer must know little about farm 
life; for no one admires cleanliness more 
than farmers’ wives, yet, I cannot see the ne¬ 
cessity of any man having a dozen shirts a 
week. I know but little about city gentle¬ 
men, but 1 should think oven a fanner a eery 
dirty man, who actually needed a dozen shirts 
every week. 
Let us look at the case, or, rather, stato a 
fact. Here is Mr. B„ who has two hundred 
acres of land. There arc himself, son and 
two hired men. Supposing each had a clean 
shirt every day, that would be twenty-eight 
a week; also towels and napkins, twenty- 
oight, —i.o say nothing of what, the family 
would use. Other things should correspond 
and the house be kept in “ apple-pie order.” 
Added is tho milk of seven cows, and in 
warm weather churning should be done 
every other day, besides cooking. 
Now would you expect that man to get 
along with less than two girls? (Hope you 
do not expect the family to do it all.) To 
his t wo men he pays thirty dollars a month, 
or three hundred dollars for ten mouths; to 
the girls two hundred dollars ft year, each. 
His chief produce is potatoes, which he is 
selling for thiriy cents per bushel; it will 
take about three thousand bushels to pay his 
help. When taxes, grocery bills, Ac., are 
paid how much will he have left for his 
family? 
I think much of the Rural, and take it 
for economy and instruction; but if any one 
can tell how anyone can make enough off a 
farm for that style of living, l should like to 
have them. I never saw a farmer that 
could do it. A Farmer’s Wife; 
BEES IN MINNESOTA, 
Ui’ox reading an article in the last num¬ 
bin' of the Iii’ii.vr, from M. Quin by, about 
feeding bees in New York, f was surprised, 
it was about ns wet and Cold here, as it well 
could be, but. when them was a pleasant day 
the bees improved if. The honey season 
was rather the best after harvest. There 
being very little honey to gather hist year, 
our swarms came out very weak in the 
spring. These we saved from starving by 
feeding soft maple sugar. This seemed to 
start them to breeding and 1 believe it will 
pay to feed stocks that are heavy for that 
reason. We took over eighty pounds of box 
honey from one hive this year. The bodies 
of tho hives arc crammed full of lionoy; we 
intend to take out an outside frame from 
each. II. S. Blowers. 
Osseo, Minn., I860. 
USEFUL AND SCIENTIFIC ITEMS. 
A Boltin' ft Work .—A robin, it is said, kills, 
on an average, about eight hundred flies in 
an hour; and a sparrow will destroy at least 
one hundred and fifty worms or caterpillars 
in a day. *• 
California Tin.- The first bar of tin ever 
produced iu the United States was gotten 
out of a quantity of ore taken from the Te- 
mcscal Tin Mines, lately, by Mr. Moshuiraer 
of San Francisco. It, weighed eighty-five 
pounds. 
Pins not Modern— A collection of twenty- 
five pins, very well made, lias just been 
placed in the Louvro, in Paris. They wero 
found in the subterranean vaults of Thebes 
and were made more than three thousand 
years ago, allowing that the modern inven¬ 
tion is only a re-invention. 
LiHputum Steam Engine. —W. I. Trafton 
of Manchester, N. II., is engaged in mailing 
a steam engine of most infinitesimal propor¬ 
tions. Every part of it is to he constructed 
out of a silver half dollar. The boiler is to 
hold about eight drops of water, hut with 
four drops the engine can ho worked for 
several minutes. When finished, it is to he 
placed under a glass case, three-quarters of 
an inch in diameter, and an inch and one- 
eighth in height. Home of the parts will be 
so fine and delicate that they cannot be 
made without the use of a magnifying glass. 
Gold in Mno Hampshire. — Prof. C. H. 
I litelieock, the Stale Geologist, says in regard 
to the Arninonoosue gold field in the. State, 
that the Legislature of New Hampshire has 
recently inaugurated an examination of the 
rocks and minerals of that State in a.manner 
reflecting great credit upon it; and during 
its process the bounds of the new gold field 
have been carefully traced out, extending in 
a narrow belt from Bellows Falls north¬ 
wardly along the Connecticut River into the 
dividing ridge between Canada and Maine. 
The principal New Hampshire gold mine is 
at Lyman. The vein is fourteen fleet, com¬ 
posed chiefly of quartz, containing galena, 
ankerite and pyrites. 
New Hail Lifter .—The ordinary lever-bar 
used for lifting rails and sleepers in con¬ 
structing and repairing the permanent, way 
of railroads involves in its operation the labor 
of several men. To obviate this an English 
engineer, INI. De Bcrguo, has constructed a 
simple and compact tool, composed of a kind 
of shoo combined with a bar pivoted at one 
end, and at the other furnished with a screw 
by which it may be raised relatively to tlie 
shoe. The instrument with its bar depressed 
is thrust under the rail or sleeper to be raised, 
and the screw is turned until the bar has 
been forced upward sufficiently to bring tlie 
superincumbent parts to the required posi¬ 
tion. Those portions of the apparatus sub¬ 
jected to heavy strains are made of steel, and 
the working surfaces are hardened so that it 
cannot easily get out of repair. 
the clatter of 
of horns were 
and when by cluster¬ 
ing they seemed to show tin* potency of this 
extemporized orchestra, a m’Tffc must lie 
brought from the house and spread with 
linen. On this is placed the hive, in great 
state, having been prepared with an applica¬ 
tion of salt and water, fragrant, herbs, and 
sometimes with whisky. The frees are 
brushed down, and readily induced to enter 
the hive. As they hasten iu with marvelous 
celerity, every spectator is fully convinced of 
the efficacy of all the imposing preparation 
which has been made. An old lady of my ac¬ 
quaintance knew the utility of Much things 
perfectly well, for she had “ tried them.” 
Once in the hive, perched upon this table, 
the edges of the hive raised, perhaps two 
inches, the whole is left in the hot sun. If 
the bees fall down as if melted by the burn¬ 
ing heat, pour out in a living stream, and 
leave for the woods, such an event, is re¬ 
garded as an inscrutable visitation of Provi¬ 
dence to be humbly borne, but by no means 
over-curiously pried into. It reminds one of 
the poor child, who, blistered by one doctor 
and physicked by another, and pilled and 
powdered by a third, dietl, notwithstanding. 
If tlie hive bad been raised a little on one 
side and carefully shaded, the bees would 
have needed no charm of music, whisky, or 
fragrant herbs to induce them to remain. 
Forty years ago the best knowledge the 
common lice keeper possessed of the queen 
of the swarm had little better foundation 
than vague report. The old man alluded to 
above found a dead bumblebee in one of his 
hives, and wanted to know if that was the 
“ king bee !” The hoes had ho torn its wings 
and eaten every particle of Itizz from its 
body, that this sage bee keeper, thinking 
such a creature was not often seen, had been 
led to this wise conjecture. What could we 
do to-day if we could not find the queen in 
any hive, and almost at any moment ? 
As already intimated, boxes and surplus 
honey were a novelty. Tlie matter came to 
me as a rumor, at first. Somebody had 
bored holes in the tops of his hives, put on 
boxes, rough, wooden ones—glass in boxes 
being much more modern—and the bees bad 
actually gone up into t hem and stored honey 
there! I tried the experiment. 1 could 
“meddle” with my bees to that extent, at 
least. Well, the bees worked in the boxes. 
We knew that, because wo could thump on 
the sides and judge by the sound, but then 
it would be, a piece of temerity to take them 
off before ,spring—the bees might starve! 
So we left them on all winter, thinking what 
a line thing it was to have box honey. 
Such is a glance at some of the primitive 
ways of old times. The subject will be con¬ 
tinued. M. Quinby. ' 
B«>es Breeding in-ami In. a correspondent 
askes “If it is not well to introduce strange 
colonies of bees into the apiary and thus escape 
breeding in-and-in.” Let men of experience 
answer. 
JSrifitfific anti 
TO MAKE PAPER TRANSPARENT 
The Engineering and Mining Journal says 
that artists, architects, land surveyors, ami 
all who have occasion to make use of tracing- 
paper in their professional duties will be glad 
to know that any paper capable of the trans¬ 
fer of a drawing in ordinary ink, pencil, or 
water-colors, and that even a stout drawing- 
paper, can be made as transparent as the thin 
yellowish paper at present used for tracing 
purposes.. Thu liquid used is benzine. If 
Iho paper is damped with pure and fresh- 
distilled benzine it at once assumes trans¬ 
parency, and permits of tracing being made, 
and of ink or water-colors being used on its 
surface without any “ running.” The paper 
resumes its opacity as the benzine evaporates, 
and if the drawing is not then completed, tlie 
requisite portion of the paper must be again 
damped with tlie benzine. The transparent, 
calico, on which in destructible tracings can 
be made, was a most valuable invention,and 
this new discovery of the properties of ben¬ 
zine will prove of further service to many 
branches of the art profession, in allowing 
the use of stiff paper where formerly only a 
slight tissue could be used. 
CONTRIBUTED RECIPES, 
Hard Sugar Cake. — One tcacupful of 
butter, one of sugar ; two eggs; sweet milk 
enough to moisten the sugar ; three leacup- 
fuls of flour fir sufficient to roll out; one 
teaspoonful of soda; a little nutmeg.—Mrs. 
A. M. Burlington, M. J. 
To Dry Umbrellas. — I obtained this item 
years ago from a friend who was an umbrella 
manufacturer. Moat people dry their um¬ 
brellas handle upward. This concentrates 
the moisture at the lip, where it Is close, 
rusts the wire which secures tlie stretchers, 
and rots the doth. It is better, after the 
umbrella is drained, to simply invert it and 
dry iu that position. This is better than 
spreading it to dry. 
To Get Bid of Bats. —Remove, as much as 
possible, all eatables for two or three days, 
ami then daub the rat holes thoroughly with 
soft tar. Rats do not like to have their coats 
tarred, and they will run no risk of it, unless 
there is strong temptation. When they have 
ceased coming, nail tin over the holes and 
you will probably be safe from their visits 
for a while. If they gnaw a new hole, treat 
it promptly in the same way. —.t. c. 
Moths in Carpets .—Wring a coarse crash 
towel out of clear water, spread it smoothly 
on the carpet, iron it dry with a good hot 
iron, repeating the operation on all parts of 
the carpet suspected of being infested with 
moths. No need to press hard, and neither 
the pile nor color of the carpet will be in¬ 
jured, and the moths will be destroyed by 
the heat and steam.—v. l. b. 
A SINGULAR PHENOMENON. 
A. singular phenomenon was witnessed 
last summer in the vicinity of a village in 
Upper Austria. The soil covering several 
yokes of land in the neighborhood of Moll, 
a few leagues from the.town of Steyer, sud¬ 
denly fell in with a crash like thunder, and 
where the oats were waving a few seconds 
before there suddenly appeared a lake. The 
water of this newest addition to Upper 
Austrian scenery is clear, Its temperature is 
very low, and it is said to have much re¬ 
semblance to that of the glacial lakes. 
