"fill 
S=i '41 
wnirawg 
r A; I 
j 
he would like to know if it is so without mistake. 
Mr. Robinson sharply replied that it does make 
a good manure, if the man who applies it has 
sense enough to uso it properly. It should ho 
Disntsstcrns. 
NEW YORK FARMERS’ CLUB. 
AVe continue our notes of the sayings and 
doings of this distinguished body of scientific ag¬ 
riculturists. 
To Prevent Alice Gnawing Tree*. — DAVtD 
Why noKN. Mexico, N. Y., protects his trees 
from mice during winter by drawing up about 
the bodies thereof a mound of earth ten or 
twelve inches high. [This practice has this 
merit, that it. prevents water settling about the 
crown of the tree, and freezing and thawing 
t here, starting the bark. AVe have seen orchards 
seriously injured by allowing the earth about, 
the body of the tree to be lower than the sur¬ 
rounding surface,— Eds. Rural.] Another way 
this correspondent practices is to cut open old 
pieces of stove-pipe, open it and place about the 
bodies of trees. Mr. Curtis says he piles well 
rotted manure high about the bodies of the trees 
and scatters it under ttic tree in spring. Solon 
Robinson utterly objects to Mr. Curtis' prac¬ 
tice, because it is not fashionable, lie recom¬ 
mends tying tarred paper about the treo; says it 
may bo obtained for four cents per pound. John 
Hague, Clinton, Iowa, mixes equal parts of soot 
and sulphur, in a dry state, together; makes a 
weak flour paste, to which he adds the sulphur 
and soot, making it of the consistency of paint. 
AVitb a brush ho lay's this on the bodies of trees 
and vines just before snow comes, thickly, even 
to the branches. The rains wash it off in spring; 
it is in some sense a manure; cleans the bark of 
lice and insects, and ho highly commends it as 
an application. 
Treating Bog Land.— AV. Ellis, Faribault, 
Minn., asks some silly questions about how deep 
he should dig to drain a bog ho has, and how ho 
should treat the surface. It was replied that 
the depth of drainage should depend upon the 
fall ho couhl got. at the outlet, if there is no 
fall the ditches should be wido and deep enough 
to hold the water which accumulates on the sur¬ 
face. After It Is drained tho bogs should be 
torn up, piled up to dry' and burned. 
Potato Story.— Addison Oliver, Onawa, 
Iowa, planted one pound of Early Hose, one eye 
in a bill, making torty-threo hills, gave them 
two booings, dug and washed tho product, which 
then weighed throe hundred and forty pounds. 
Bays there Is plenty of land thereabout# as good 
us that On which his potatoes grow, that can bo 
purchased at from $2 to $10 per acre. 
To Color ('ulciiieil Plastering.—C. B. Sloan 
asks how to color plaster for buildings red, blue 
and other tints. The matter was referred to the 
Professor of Chemistry for answer. 
Securing Bridge* Against Floods.—G. G. Her¬ 
man, Columbia Go., N. A'., writes: — 14 Before 
building the abutments for the bridge, f place 
on the ground for their bottom to rest, on a 
thick add broad piece of timber. I then run up 
from their under sides as many bolts, having 
largo heads and washers or caps of tho required 
size and length, as there aro or will bo string- 
pieces or sleepers on the bridge. Tho said bolls 
arc built up In tho abutment walls, and pass 
through the timbers on tho tops of the abut¬ 
ments, and through tho stringers or sleepers of 
tho bridge; and the bolls having screws cut on 
them and nuts to lit; tho nuts aro then screwed 
down tight on iron washers on tho sleepers or 
stringers, so that the bridge cannot bo carried 
off while the abutments stand, and tho abut¬ 
ments being iron bound, will stand much longer, 
and the coat will not be materially increased. 
When any old abutments or parts thereof arc 
used, I take down so much as I think proper for 
tho safoty or strength of tho bridge, and uso 
timber bolts with noads, screws, nuts and caps, 
as aforesaid.” 
Alligators for Manure.— In answer to Mr. 
TilAYEH of Massachusetts, a Florida corres¬ 
pondent writes“ I have burled about a dozen 
of these frisky creatures in my garden, cutting 
some of them In live or teu-pound pieces, and 
placing these pieces in the hills when planting 
corn, squashes uurl bananas, and l thought they 
were slightly benefited, but the effect was not 
very'apparent. I also buried some near orange 
trees, but could not see any good result. I set 
some strawberry vines over where I had buried 
a large ‘gator,’and they all died, for which I 
gave tho reptile credit. My land is * Shell Ham¬ 
mock,’ rich in humus and alt tho elements of 
plant food, but contuiniug no clay; guano helps 
it, and 1 have buried ‘ possums,' ‘ coons,’ and 
other ‘small varmint,’ with marked good re¬ 
sults, I do not believe that there are alligators 
enough in Florida to make the equivalent in 
manure of 1,000 tons of guano.” Solon Robin¬ 
son does not wonder that such results followed 
such practice. Had tho alligator llesh been com¬ 
posted with muck, or other absorbents, and ap¬ 
plied to laud, the effect would have been very 
different upon the plants. But the best manure 
for Florida lands is what can be grown on them 
and plowed under. Tho cow-pca grows luxuri¬ 
antly' there, and is as good a manure to plow in 
as clover. Along the streams, Irrigation,raising 
and distributing tho waters of the streams by 
tho aid of wind-mills, will secure to tho soil all 
the elements of great fertility wanting In it. 
The floating islands of vegetation which fre¬ 
quently fid and dam up the streams, arc much 
better adapted to the wnuts of Florida lands 
than alligator flesh. Mr. Fuller said he never 
saw a country yet which did not contain, In one 
shape or another, all tho elements of fertility 
required to make it productive. What people 
needed to learn was to know these fertilizing 
resources when they see them, and how to make 
proper use of thorn. 
Fruits in Mississippi.— A. M. Everett, Pleas- 
antville, Pa., asks what fruits may bo grown in 
Madison county. Miss. Solon Robinson replies 
“Sweet potatoes, watermelons, peaches, Chick¬ 
asaw plums, grapes, etc. The climate is health¬ 
ful if you keep off the streams aud on the high 
lands." 
To Destroy the Grub.—A correspondent of the 
Club asked the best time to plow in order to kill 
tlic grubs In soil. A member replied “plow 
often and deep.” The Rural advises to plow 
laic In Luc fall, nnd only us deep as is necessary 
to turn tho grubs t.o the surface aud expose 
them to frost. 
To Destroy “ Butter and Eng*." — A Rhode 
Islam}correspondent says if the weed “Butter 
and Eggs” is covered with apple pomaco it will 
die. Mr. Robinson said apple pomace is u good 
manure. Air. Moulton said that was news, and 
treated with llmo and composted. Mr. Fuller 
asked if anybody knew any substance in tho 
shape of a fruit or vegetable which did not make 
a good manure, properly' treated. No one named 
any r . 
Plowing Beep on the Prairie*.—E. B. Dat.L of 
Kansas, asks it ten inches is too deep to plow 
black pralrio lauds. Mr. ItoiUNSON said yes, if 
it is the first plowing; for if prairiosod Is broken 
shallow, it will rot quicker; if it is the second 
plowing, after the sod has rotted, Mr. R. said ten 
Inches was none too deep. [This is calculated to 
mislead many honest farmers. If the soil is 
stiff, ten inches is not too deep to stir or loosen 
it; but ten inches, the second plowing it too 
deep to turn any prairie soil, in spring, for a 
grain crop. It may answer to fall plow as deep, 
but even then wo should subsoil rather than 
trench plow. Miscellaneous recommendations 
to plow deep, without, specification as to time, 
character of soil, nnd without regard to the crop 
to follow, are quite as likely to bo mischievous 
ns profitable.— Eds. Rural. 
Forest Trees fur Kansas.—E. P. Deiiil, Olathe, 
Kansas, asks what forest trees ho should culti¬ 
vate. Mr. Robinson named the Cottonwood. 
Mr. Fuller named the White Ash, Hickory, 
Black Walnut, Sugar and Silver Maplo. and the 
Black Locust if the borers will let. it alone. The 
Rural adds European Larch, Chestnut, Rod and 
AVhito Elm, Ash-lcavcd Maple, AYliite Scotch and 
Austrian Pines, and Norway Spruce. Mr. Rob¬ 
inson mentioned the Ailauthus, and Mr. Fuller 
ndded that it is a good timber tree, furnishing a 
durable and ornamental wood; but the perfume 
of Its flowers renders it an unpleasant slmdo tree. 
Angle Worm* in Gardena.— JOHN Shanks is 
afflicted with angle worms in his soil, and nar¬ 
rates in doleful language his experience Ihorc- 
with. Solon Robinson sympathizes with him, 
and states that, lie got rid of them and made his 
soil mellow by putting on It about twenty bush¬ 
els of salt to the acre. 
Grafting Old Grape Vines. — II. C. MEEKER, G’ol- 
larner, (>., writes“ For tho last two years in 
this section, (eight miles east from Cleveland,) 
Catawba grapes have been unable to get ripo 
previous to severe frosts. Many vineyards aro 
now unpicked, with much of the fruit soured 
and injured, which otherwise would have been 
good. The seasons thus placing this grape in 
such narrow limits for maturing, tho question 
has arisen whether bearing vineyards, live and 
six years old or more, can he grafted successfully 
with earlier kinds, say tho Delaware? Jt is un¬ 
derstood that the vino can bo grafted. But is it 
practical to graft acres, and would the grafted 
nourish ns well as the natural vine Mr. Hol¬ 
ton dmitits if it will pay to graft the old vines. 
He would recommend pulling them up aud plant¬ 
ing a new vineyard on another place. Mr. Pol¬ 
ler sahl that when the Iona was worth $-1 to $5 
per bud, he cleft-grafted the roots of some wild 
grapo vines, below I lie .surface of tho soil, about 
this time (Nov. 0) in the fall, hauled the earth 
about it, turned a pot over the graft aud covered 
wlili straw. In the spring ho removed the straw 
ami pot,and thograft made sixty feet of wood the 
next summer. [Tlio Rural does not agree with 
Mr. Holton. AVo have seen tho very best possi¬ 
ble results from grafting the Delaware on old 
Catawba and Clinton vines. It is Just what, wo 
should do if wo had such a vineyard Its Mr. Mee¬ 
ker describes, providing tho soil and location 
were satisfactory .—Eds. Rural. J 
A Show of Grape*.— 0. AV. I dell (“Now and 
Then." or the Rural,) exhibited Iona, Catawba 
and Diana grapes, grown in different localities, 
in order to illustrate tho Influence of differences 
of cliinato and soil upon tho same variety' of 
fruit. Mr. Idem, said the market indications 
the present season are that the Iona is not going 
to prove a popular market grape. Sales havo 
been effected w 1 tli mucli difficulty. Thu trouble 
seems to bo that it will not ripen. Mr. Fuller 
called attention to the fact that when tho Iona 
was first brought boforo t he public it was claimed 
for it that it ripened about tho 25th of August; 
and here, now that truth is coming out, fault is 
found because it does not ripen at all! Mr. 
Holton said one reason because it does not 
ripen as early as ft ought is to because it Is 
allowed to overbear. Mr. Idell said that tho 
Catawba la an excellent market grapo, but ho 
thought there was moro money in the Concord, 
which has taken the lead of all grapes, this sea¬ 
son, in popularity. The Delaware always sells 
Well, and at fgurto six cents per pound more 
than Die Concord; but Mr. Fuller culled atten¬ 
tion to the fact, that from two to three limes as 
many pounds of Concords as Delawares could 
ho produced with the same investment of money 
and labor. Mr. Idell said the falling off in tho 
price of Delawares at one time this season was 
duo to a sudden glut of tho market. In conse¬ 
quence of tho stoppage of trains on the Erie 
road, and the delivery of vast quantities of Die 
fruit at once. Thinks if it could have been de¬ 
livered promptly as it was shipped, it would 
have averaged fifteen cents per pound tho sea¬ 
son through. He say's that if the fruit of the 
Delaware is not fii-st-class, and if it does not 
come in first-class shape, it is difficult to sell it 
except to wine manufacturers, who will only 
pay four or five cents per pound for it, and who 
do not regard quality'of fruit at all, but only re¬ 
quire the skins and seeds, regardless of whether 
there is any' juice insido them or not. The Con¬ 
cord sells at about two cents per pound more 
than Isabella. The last named is a popular mar¬ 
ket grape. 
Japan Pear.-Mr. Quinn exhibited fine speci¬ 
mens of this pear, which ho says is a seedling 
from the old Chinese Sand pear. The tree makes 
a great growth and carries luxuriant and beau¬ 
tiful foliage, which retains its color long after 
that on ordinary varieties is dead. Regards it as 
highly ornamental as a tree, and worthy of cul¬ 
tivation on that account alone. The quality of 
the fruit for dessert is inferior; Lit tastes about 
as much liken pear as does au artichoke.—lips. 
Rural.] but it promises to bo good for cooking, 
and dealers had told him that it would bring$10 
or $13 per barrel in market. [AVe suppose dealers 
based their opinion entirely upon its external 
appearance; for we cannot discover any quality 
iu it which should commend it- for cooking. And 
we doubt if aman will ever pay $10 or $13 per 
barrel for it a second time.— Eds. Rural.] Mr. 
Quinn wanted it distinctly understood that he 
had neither trees nor cions of it for sale, and 
does not want to receive fifty letters concerning 
it to answer, either with or without postage 
stamps in them. 
Beurre d’Anjon Pear.—Mr. Quinn exhibited a 
lino speciineu of this pear, which ho said in its 
season holds the samo position in tho market 
among other varieties that, the Bartlett does In 
its season. It is growing In popularity as a mar¬ 
ket fruit. 
Damp Cellars Again.—S. Herrick, Oberlln, 
0., writes how ho made a surface cellar and pre¬ 
vented dampness:—“ I made a cellar during tho 
past season, which answers a good purpose. I 
did not excavate at all, simply leveled tho 
ground. To prevent dampness, mildew, &c„ a 
few inches above lho external grading I left, ail 
opening in tho wall four by eight inches, which 
Is covered with wire-cloth. From the wall over¬ 
head I extended a ventilating tube of the same 
size some ten foot to the ridge of I he house. 
Except in very cold weather the ventilators are 
open, which gives a constant current of air 
through the cellar. This contrivance is very 
little expense, aud removes all superiluous 
dampness and bad air so common in cellars. 
Tho plaster of the bottom did not set well, and 
after several days tho itui^on told mo that I 
would be under tho necessity of getting some 
fresh lime and plastering It over again. I con¬ 
cluded first to try the expedient I have seen 
recommended in Die Club. Accordingly I took 
a plank and bceUo and pounded It severely all 
over tho bottom. I then smoothed it with a 
trowel, applying all my strength, which made it. 
quito smooth, and it soon became very hard." 
Mr. Robinson indorsed tho recommendation re¬ 
cently made by Mr. Todd or plastic slate. Ho 
had known collars below tide-water made per¬ 
fectly water-tight by its use. Mi. Smith Imd 
BUCocedcd la rendering cellars below tide-water 
dry by first putting ooment on tho wall, then a 
layor of asphaJtiun, and then a layer of cement. 
Sawdust for Grape Vine*, —Mr, Holton de¬ 
nounced the use of sawdust iu any shape, unloss 
carefully composted and completely decayed, us 
a mulch for grapes or as a mechanical mixture 
in the soil. His experience In its use Imd cost 
him $.'1,000, aud he had used the loust objectiona¬ 
ble kind he knew of. 
Barberry for Hedges. — John B. AVoodb of 
New Hampshire commended this plant for a 
hedge. Ho recommends growing it iu this way : 
“ Suppose a man wishes to divide his pasture, lot 
him plow ono furrow and sew iu It three rows Of 
barberries about three inches apart. This will 
take thirty-six to a lineal foot, and ono bushel 
will bo sufficient for eighty rods of hedge. As 
the berries usually contain two seeds, I suppose 
that, planted as above, the hedge would be suf¬ 
ficiently dense; but, if not so, lot It he cut down 
when two or throe years old; tho roots will send 
up shoots, and in this way the hedge may be 
made as wide and thick usdeslrod. Thera Is no 
danger of its spreading from the roots unless 
the tops are cut. As the cattle would root out 
some of tho plants, let the man sow a nursery of 
the berries, and when tho hedge is sufficiently 
grown, till in the vacancies from the nursery, 
taking care to protect the nowly set bushes till 
they are well rooted. In this way a farmer can 
obtain a cheap fence, which wil l last forever; for 
I know of no way to kill tho barberry bush, but 
to dig up its roots." 
Mr. Feller would not recommend sowing the 
seed in yie hedge row. It is better to sow where 
it can bo cultivated, in a nursey, and then assort 
tho plants, plaut together those of tho samo size 
and secure a uniform hedge. Mr. Baldwin said 
there were prejudices against it as a bodge plant 
because of tho belief that it exerted a blasting 
influence upon wheat growing near it. He did 
not know how well foundod this prejudice Is, 
but it Is worthy of Inquiry. Ho should not hesi¬ 
tate to plant it. Mr. Townsend, Onondaga Go., 
N. Y., said that wheat did blast certain years, 
so near where this kind of hedge was grown, and 
did not blast away from it. Finally tho hedges 
were destroyed and the wiieat ceased to blast. 
He thought there was evidence enough of ils 
vicious influence upon grain. Mr. Fuller said 
that formerly ho used to think tho talk about 
tho burberry blasting wheat was all humbug; 
but its re-assertion from year to year has at¬ 
tracted the attention of scientists, and It is found 
in Franco that a fungus which affects the bur¬ 
berry is also found upon wheat, though lu a dif¬ 
ferent form. Thus it maybe tlmi wlmt we often 
call a whim is a scientific (act. Mr. Gregory 
said that atone time, In the South, it was ob¬ 
served that where the Castor Bean grew, f eve 
and ague flourished; and It became to bo tho be¬ 
lief of both whites and blacks that this bean in¬ 
duced the disease—so mneh so that in some places 
the negroes refused to cultivate it. [AVo believe 
science asserts that fever and ague is caused by 
a fungus; if so, it may be that the negroes wore 
right, and that tho Castor Bean propagated this 
fungus.— Eds. Rural.] 
But* 111 Horse*.— D. WASHBURN, Marlon, O., 
ourcs horses of the hots as follows:—Dissolve a 
piece of alum the size of a walnut in one quart, 
of wilier and drench the horse with it. He never 
1ms hud to give a second dose. Milk aud mo¬ 
lasses; feeding the animal sweet apples, if ho 
will eat at nil; drenching with tobacco tea, 
which it is said will expel them from the stom¬ 
ach ; feeding the animal six quarts of potatoes 
twice a week, were all named as preventives and 
remedies which members knew to be effectual. 
Paper Mill Lime v*. Air Hlakcd Lillie,— Ed¬ 
purutlvo value of refuse lime from a paper null 
and air sluiced lime. Tho Professor of Chemistry 
thought the latter about three-fourths tho value 
of the former. 
Sorghum Sirup.—J. B. Lyman detailed facts 
concerning Ihe condition of sorghum culture 
and sirup and sugar manufacture from this 
plant, which have been repeatedly given in the 
Rurai., and wore well known iu the AVest five 
and ten years ago. 
tslieep Shearing Machine*.—A committco ap¬ 
pointed by the Club to examine and test two 
sheep shearing machines at the fair of the Amer¬ 
ican Institute, reported that they found two ma¬ 
chines on exhibition. Tho Pneumatic Sheep 
Shears, the Committee say, cuts the Wool on the 
sumo principle as tho mowing machine, being 
driven by compressed air, conducted to the 
shears through a rubber tube from the bellows, 
worked byaorntik, and turned by a second per. 
son. Tho machine is very ingenious in its con¬ 
struction, and when sharp will cut tho wool cloao- 
ly ami rapidly; but it gets dull quickly, owing to 
tho delicate construction of the knives. The 
power is not sufficient to clear the knives of the 
wool, the machine presenting tho siuuq difficul¬ 
ties lu operating that a mowing machine does in 
thick, wot grass. Without increased power and 
an ability to keep sharp longer, and not to clog 
so easily, tho Committee could not commend 
tills machine, hut yet it has some doubled merits, 
w tiich are the closeness and evenness with which 
it shears. 
Tho second machine tested, shears witii a ro- 
tary knife with two outting points, rotating on 
a bed plate with notches or guards which rest oil 
the body of tho sheep, and is attached to a uni¬ 
versal Joint, connected by a revolving rod to a 
wheel, turned by a bell driven by a crank and 
wheel turned by a second person. The machine 
is easily adjusted, and Die universal joints will 
turn in any direction, allowing the shearer to 
work Die knives without the least difficulty on 
any part of the sheep. The Committee aro of 
the opinion that in the hands of uu experienced 
operator the machine will do good work. 
Mr. Gregory, a Diem her oT the Committee, 
stated tlmt although ho had signed tho report, 
he thought, both machines cut tho wool too 
close, especially for use upon the valuable flno- 
woolod Stock of the country. If lie had valua¬ 
ble animals he would want them sheared by the 
old process iu preference to this machine work. 
About the Trcutincnt of Boof*.—THOMAS SNY¬ 
DER, Roekport, Ind. t asked about tho relative 
value of asbestos and shingle roofs. No informa¬ 
tion was given on that, subject, but a discussion 
ensued as to whether it was better to paint roofs 
with lead and oil or whitewash them with lime. 
The chemical effect of whitewash upon wood 
was regarded as better than that resulting from 
painting them. Whitewashed once in ton years, 
it was asserted that roofs would last longer than 
if painted as often. Aud it was asserted that it 
is profitable to paint roofs; but the color should 
always be light rather than dark. 
About Fertilizer*.- [. \. Sloan, Clarion, Pa., 
asks the Club to name the fert ilizers best fur the 
following crops:— IF h Ue Deans.—Ana. Do rn-vard 
manure. Onions.—Alia, ileu manure, salt and 
lime. Irish, Potatoes. — Ann, Marl. Street Pota¬ 
toes.- Arts. Little or no manure. Cahhatje. —Ans. 
The rankest barn-yard manure, lime, ashes and 
no pig manure. Sweet Corn. Ans. The richest 
manure to be obtained. Tomatoes.—Ans. AVell 
-A. NEAV OOI.nUMSr AMERICAN - .A.TII30R V'rXVFC. 
ward Todd, New Berlin, N. Y., asked tho com- 
rottod stable manure on poor soils; on rich soils, 
no manure. 
\\ 111 CouqioxteJ Manure* Pny on Rented Land? 
—I. N. Sloan asks “AVili the increase of one 
crop only, on rented lauds, pay for the expense 
of composting?" it was answered yes Unit 
market, gardeners about New York paid $100 per 
acre annually for fertilizers to apply to rented 
laud, and made money by so doing. 
WESTERN N. Y. FARMERS’ CLUB. 
Dl*eu**lnn on Potatoes, Oet. ‘30. 
Quimbv (Ifondequoit)—Said Die yield was fair 
on sandy land, wiUi very littlo rot. Had heard 
much complaint of rot on heavy soils; few va¬ 
rieties escaped on such; oven the Early Rose 
suffered some. 
Slocum (Fairport)—In our vicinity the rot is 
imd on heavy soil. Many pieces will hardly pay 
for digging. On some dry soils they also rotted 
badly. The Jackson AVhito and Harison showed 
little rot. Thought tho crop would lull one- 
third short of our average. 
Reynolds (Rochester)—The Harison docs not 
rot with me on mucky, clay soil, beside Peach 
Blows and Early Rose, which showed some rot. 
Quimiiy—G rew several hundred bushels of 
White Poach Blows and lound no rottcu ones; 
also a good crop of Mioh igan Morders. Soil sandy. 
Hobbik (Irondoquott) — Grew White Poach 
Blows on a sandy loam, and whore manure was 
applied the tubers rotted, vines died early; yield 
good. Regarded WiiJtO Pouch Blow Die best va¬ 
riety for tho Eastern market. 
Reynolds—T he White Pencil Blow does not 
rot with mo. 
Quimbv— It is a seedling of tho old Red Poach 
Blow. 
Slocum — Manured the Harison highly and 
found no rot. 
Tim G’ntile Diweuso iu Western New York. 
Slocum—H ad seen the same in Michigan four 
years ago. It was there called mud fever. Tho 
remedies used were first salt grease, then an 
ointment of lard and sulphur, followed by salt 
and sulphur gtvou Internally, it. was found that 
when taken in season a cure wus usually effected. 
The symptoms of tho disease wore sores break¬ 
ing out on Dio fore legs, followed by swelling. 
The udder aud teats were also attacked, first by 
small blisters, then sores followed by inflamma¬ 
tion and caking. When t he disease reached the 
body it was many times fatal. Steers are sub¬ 
ject to tho disease, hut apparently not to tho 
same extent as cows. 
Fowler (Rochester) -Thought the extremely 
wet summer had something to do with the origin 
of this disease. The grass, though abundant, 
was not so nutritious as iu ordinary seasons, and 
tho blood of the animals might become vitiated. 
Rust, or a fungus growth, had also been unusu¬ 
ally prevalent ou vegetation this year, ami per¬ 
haps that had affected tho blood of tho animals. 
Sulphur is a remedy for all fungus diseases, and 
when given at an early stage, It lias proved one 
of the most successful for this cattle malady. 
Advised stabling cattle, and giviug them more 
nutritious food. 
Wright—A neighbor had a cow with diseased 
udder, which lie cured wllh linseed oil. 
Quimbv—F ound cores on the buck side of tho 
forelegs of his cows, some weeks ago. Tl ey hud 
free range on iieuvy soil, part of the time in 
marshy places. 
Warner (Rochester)—Had four cows affected 
lu their udders. Attributed it to flies. Used 
lard ointment, and they grew better. Stock 
ranged in dry pasture. 
Wmkkler—I t is bad to let the stock lie out, in 
the dew. 
IIOBBIB—His own cows were stabled nights, 
and escaped the disease. A cow pastured in tho 
same field, but not stabled nights, was diseased. 
Wliat is the Best null Most Economical Meth¬ 
od of Wintering Slock? 
riOBBiE—On Die approach of cold weather, 
would shelter stock nights, and give food beside 
the pasture. Good shelter is tho main thing. 
Underground utables, brick barns, or too warm 
and done shelter of any kind wore not beneficial. 
Roots should be fed in connection with other 
food. Would bed the stock under cover and 
make Die manure there, ft was best to keep up 
cows night and day, only letting them out to 
water. Coarse mill feed and brewers’grains were 
good, healthy food. 
Quimiiy Had wintered sheep for many years, 
mostly breeding owes. Tho most profitable age 
was from three to five years. Once selected a 
flock of grade ewes, with tho view of raising 
lambs as well os wool. The flock averaged ono 
and a half iambs per head, which sold for three 
dollars each,and tho ewes sheared flvo pounds Of 
wool per head. Sheep need shelter from cold 
winds and from wet. In regard to all stock it is 
desirable to steer between the extremes of too 
warm shelter or that which is Insufficient, Knew 
farmers who suffered much loss from too warm 
stables. Horses wore liable to colds if kept too 
Warm and dost!. Sheep should have plenty of 
water In the winter. Good shelter, water, plenty 
of bright straw and one gill of corn daily to each 
would winter well, strong, healthy ewes. Halt 
should bo kept before them constantly, and 
plenty of exercise allowed. 
Reynolds— 1 The same weight of lmy goes fur¬ 
ther when cut than when fed wbolo. Had tried 
feeding middlings oh cut and uncut hay, and 
found it a saving to cut. 
AVarnbr said Air. Geddbs of Onondaga coun¬ 
ty had tried cutting food for a large stock with 
steam power, and after experimenting for some 
years found out it did not pay, and abandoned 
ft. Thought tho waste in whole hay accounted 
for the benefit, derived by cutting. 
Johnson— A warm place for stock is essential. 
If tho stable is deficient in heat necessary to ani¬ 
mal life, extra food must supply it. AVould ar¬ 
range stables, however, so that they Should bo 
dry and have plenty or fresh air. Stock should 
be made comfortable, and that word means a 
great deal. Did not. see much advantage in cut¬ 
ting food, for though tho animals would eat, If 
disguised with middlings, wlmt they would 
ol her wise reject, yet It was all wrong. It is bet¬ 
ter to have ft variety of stock; what tho horse 
rejects the cow cats, and colts will pick up after 
sheep. 
QntMBY—It is common practice to feed corn¬ 
stalks whole, and in tills way a largo proportion 
goes to waste. Some claim this can be made 
available by steaming. Had wintered horses 
well, under bat’d work, on cut corn-stalks and 
mill feed. Thought, there was a saving in feed¬ 
ing out hay. Hogs he would always keep fat. 
enough for the butcher. The best food for 
them is com ground tine and cooked. Hogs 
should have some exorcise mid such substances 
us charcoal and salt. 
