4AM. S 
OOfiE’S 
JSItecjr grabandrg. 
THE WOOL GROWERS AND MANUFAC¬ 
TURERS IN COUNCIL. 
The Syracuse Convention of December 
20th was a threat sucoc . The local attend¬ 
ance was large, considering the inclemency 
of the weather; and never ou any previous 
occasion of the kind have so many States 
been represented. As stated in t he report 
of the proceedings below, nearly ail the 
principal wool growing and wool manufac¬ 
turing States had delegates in attendance, 
and those delegates were ehielty men of ex¬ 
perience and ability — well known men in 
their respective industries. The unanimity 
which characterized all the individual ex¬ 
pressions of opinion, and all the proceedings, 
may well lie regarded as remarkable. In 
respect to the Wool and Woolen Tariff, 
there was no dissenting voice from either 
growers or manufacturers to l lie resolutions 
which were adopted that that Tariff is just 
uml satisfactory and, requires no “tinker¬ 
ing" whatever. Tlie meager sketch, in the 
proceedings, of the remarks of the different 
speakers, gives scarcely any idea whatever 
of what t hey said; but we learn t he speeches 
were fully reported and are to be published 
hereafter. 
-•-♦♦♦- 
NATIONAL CONVENTION OF WOOL GROW¬ 
ERS AND MANUFACTURERS. 
Pursuant to a call made by the Presi¬ 
dents of the National Wool Growers and 
Wool Manufacturers’ Associations, a Na¬ 
tional Convention of the representatives of 
the wool and woolen indust ries of the I nil ed 
States met at Syracuse, N. V'., December 
20th. Nearly all t he principal wool growing 
aiul wool manufacturing States of the I - n ion 
were represented. The Convention was 
called to order by Hon. .1. Wilky Imcionus 
or Massachusetts, and, on motion of THEO¬ 
DORE Pomkrov of Massachusetts, Hon. 
Henry s. Randall of New York, was 
clioson President. 
The following gentlemen were chosen 
Vice-Presidents: W. It. Santijiiii, \ er- 
mout; George Geddes, New York; J. C. 
Stevens, Ohio; A. M. Oakland, Illinois; 
Samuel Archer, West Virginia ; J ames 
Slocum, Pennsylvania; Hkn.jamin Flint, 
transportation, &c., on those wools was .1.57 cents 
per pound. Theilnty. uniter the tariff ot Ml.on 
wools costing less than IS cents per pound at 
place of export, was 5 per cent. tud vnluntm, or 
leas than a rent a pound on Mestizo wools. Thus 
when wools were exceptionally tiigh in Buenos 
Ayres, they could be tiollvoiud with all charges 
paid. Ill .New York, at a trillu over ’ll e* nto per 
pound. At ordinal*}' home prices, they could lie 
so delivered at lit cents per pound. They were 
imported In the dirt, were often hurry, and ow¬ 
ing to the weakness of their liber, lost much in 
the processes ,,f minnifiicture; so that two 
pounds, as imported, made only us much cloth 
ns one and one.-iwelfth pounds of American 
clothing wool In average condition. Put in the 
same condition with the latter, they stood the 
American manufacturer about :w cents pur 
wound. „ .... 
Now what was the cost of growing clothing 
wools. In the principal Northern wool growing 
States of the Union, anterior to the war? I ho 
average prices at which wool sold in our markets, 
from jwftr to 1861 inclusive, was 50,a cents per 
pound for tine; 43.8Cents for medium, ttlld 25.5 
een ta for I'oarse. The lino and medium qualities 
(which correspond with Must i/a wools) averaged 
cents. The statistics of the husbandry lead 
clearly to the conclusion that, this price was not 
more than ordinarily remunerative. Ironi 1810 
to i860sheeponly imreasodUO, 1 .. per oont.ln num- 
liers. while our populat ion Increased Let,ween 70 
and 80 percent. Our import of woolens more 
than doubled. These facts do not, Indicate a very 
flourishing wool industry. 
Tin* war which opfirnl in iHffl fitJOUi (jQUiilod 
the cost of labor and subsistence, increased di¬ 
rect and iudirei't taxation, and enhanced tho 
prices of all the articles which enter into wool 
production It thereforenoiTospondingly raised 
the cost of that production. Duenos Ayres and 
some other countries, with the development in 
wool production they subsequently attained, 
might have competed ruinously with ms. before 
tic war: after the latter produced Its effects, 
and the foreign supply of wool became suffi¬ 
cient, nothing prevouT.eii the latter from driving 
us from our own markets, lait the aversion of 
our mn no tact urorH used to our strong ami 
washed wools—to work the weak, dirty, burry 
Montiza wools. This exhibited good taste, and I 
would fain hope, ill a reasonable number ot 
cases, good murals, fertile Mestlzu cloths, though 
soft and handsome, lack the wearing properties 
of those Ltuidooi t'cited Status wools, indeed, it 
is dillicult to work tlie former without strength¬ 
ening t he warp by thesUbstJtutlou or admixture 
ol' Kt longer wools. 
In lMiii,u wool ami woolen lari IT, framed by 
that eminent friend ol' those Industries, Mr. Mor¬ 
rill of Vermont, passed Congress, and it. was de¬ 
signed to afford adequate protection to both, 
lint our growers had not then taken any pains to 
furiiMi llielr friends iu i’ongross with the facts 
ou which their proper amount of protection de¬ 
pended, mid bunco that body was compelled mi 
tills vital question to act, to a considerable ex¬ 
tent, oil conjectured data. Tie' Act imposed a 
dutr of throe cents per pound on wools costing 
twelve cents mid under, at lie* place of export, 
mid slv rents per pound on those costing more 
Mian twelveoeiitsuml not exceeding twenty-four 
cents. Tills tariff would have fallen short, of its 
object which was t<« give our clothing wools 
HUtlletent protection by a six cent duty had it 
been honestly curried out. lint by the fraudu¬ 
lent contrivances which are always resorted to 
to get iii eommralitiuH hi minimum duties, a 
large proportion of the foreign wools competing 
with ours paid only three routs duty. 
New York wools, occupying a middle place In 
OLOc'r.u, i t nn.\\ n auia, ■ • ' prices, broughl on theuvorage, iu gold, II q cents 
California; F.i.i Stilson, Wisconsin; per pound in 1861 : 44q oenta In 1862: C0J, cents 
11 iitm\’ii MassaeinisettH ; ROBINSON, m 1883: 41J4 cento in 1864 ; and about 11 cents 
llAUDiMt, nit . i,, 1865 •during tho .Whole live years averaging 
Connecticut ; -tiiitsox, aiinm sum, only ouoeent and two mills per pound mure than 
Oakes, New Jersey. 
John L. II ay us of Massachusetts was 
eliosen Secretary, and Henry Clark of 
Vermont, Ja mes S. McConnell of Illinois, 
J. McDonald Glenn of Pennsylvania, ami 
John l*. Hagan of -, Assistant Sec¬ 
retaries. 
S. D. \V. Harris of Connecticut, moved 
that a committee of seven be appointed by 
the Chair to prepare Resolutions and an 
Address. (Mr. II. declined In act on the 
committee.) The Chair appointed tho fol¬ 
lowing committee: Mr. Hayes ot Mass.; 
Mr. Ito HERTS of —; Mr. Miller ot \ t; 
Mr. Norton of Wis,; Mr. Glenn ot i’a.; 
Mr. Cossxtt of N. Y,; Mr. Flint of Cal. 
Tlie Convention then adjoined to half-past 
one o’clock, P. M. 
AFTERNOON SESSION. 
Tiio Convention was called to order at 
1.1(0, !’. M-, by President Randall, who, 
on taking the Chair, submitted the follow¬ 
ing remarks: 
PRESIDENT RANDALL’S ADDRESS. 
Gentlemen : I thunk you for the honor you 
have done me In appointing me President of this 
National Convention of Wool Growers and \\ oul 
Manufacturers. , . . . , , 
in considering tin- objects wlm li have brought 
together this assemblage of gentlemen lroin so 
many different Slates, we shall perhaps start 
with a bettor understanding ol the subject, or 
rather a better recollection of the facts bearing 
on that subject, after taking a la id mrvey ol 
tho history of our wool industry, mid ol the 
legislation perinlubig to it. for the last ten years. 
Tim opening of the wand the rebellion com¬ 
menced u new and distinctive epoch in the wool 
Industry of our country- luiitcrnuly changing Its 
nreviotis conditions and relations m matters ul- 
leetlng il.s prollts. The war, and the resulting 
dearth ot cotton, vastly increased Um eoiismnp- 
tionof wool in the Northern Btutes. I bis cor¬ 
respondingly stimulated its production iii those 
States and in foreign wool exporting countries. 
The inllux of foreign wools, paying mere nomi¬ 
nal duties, was very large. The. annual imports 
from HUttOo* Ayrt*s wliicti down to lw5 niki 
fallen short of E.iUKi.iKK) pounds, suddenly rose to 
upwards of 17,0WiW pounds. and in 1864 It 
reached nearly 24,UQ0,iXw pounds. The animal 
import front the British j-iosscssjofis in A trlea 
rose from less than 4.000,01X1 pounds in 186.;.' to 
nearly 14,000,000 pounds in l8«i. The highest 
uvemgo annual cost hi place of ex port, ol these 
Buenos Ayres wool-. M< -ti/U wools, as they are 
known in emnmeice during mir war. was in 
1804; and it was but 15.1 cento per pound m gold. 
(I shall he under .food us hereafter speaking ol 
all money in gold unless otherwise expressed.) 
before tlie war these wools had averaged but id 
cento per pound. The circumstances ol low 
priced lunu and labor, and pasturage through 
the year, which contribute to their cheap pro¬ 
duction, are well known. 
The port charges, export duty, expense of 
during the thirty-four preceding yours, when tlie 
cost of living and product ion was .so much less. 
Vet we art: met with the anomalous fact, that 
the session of 1865-66: and In anticipation of ito 
passage tho enButng session, '.e.non.noe pounds of 
wool, mid woolens of the value of $57,115.1X10 -al¬ 
most equaling the entire Imports of the four 
preceding years- w-tx? imported in 1866 under 
the existing low duties. The Government, too, 
wtien tlie war closed, threw millions ol dollars 
worth ot soldier's woolen garments on oitr tnur- 
keto. and tbe.y were sold greatly lielow the oust 
of their materials. These a ml other muses which 
have been often publicly stilted, contributed to 
prevent the luriff from producing its legitimate 
results. It took Huge years to get rid ot these 
obstacles. It was ,, bitter period to ns. Nearly 
every pound of clothing wool grown in tho 
Norwie.tu Stab", was grown at a 1 1 'A3. Our Hooks 
wore greatly reduced by slaughter. Mauyot our 
brethren wore impoverished and others bank¬ 
rupted. None would have clung to clothing 
wool production, blit from the expectation that 
the tariff would tie allowed to stand, and its le¬ 
gitimate results to lie realized, until a lair and 
convincing experiment of Ito offeOta was made. 
Wileri -ii,7J, experiment is made, we .hell be 
bound to submit to its teachings. Ibif our op¬ 
ponents propose to give it no such trial, with 
our first ray of success comes the cry of repeal. 
If that cry‘is RlOCGsl'ul—or If modification of 
duties is'made, which will produce the same 
practical effect i believe our combing wools, 
though connect, 1 ,t with mutton production, will 
lose much or their prohluhleiioRs, and that our 
clothing wools will be banished from the old 
wool growing Slates of tin* Union, and rendered 
profitless in all, 1 need not polnl niff the amount 
of property lUVCBted in si.. which would thus 
bo aacrllleed, and the depreciation it would en¬ 
tail ill the fertility of our .soils and in the pronto 
of our convertible husbandry. 
(We ore compelled, for lack of space, to 
defer the publication of tho Address of the 
Convention to tho President and Congress, 
and the balance of tho proceedings of tho 
Convention, until our next issue, when wo 
may have to abbreviate even that. We gave 
the substance of t he resolutions adopted in 
our last issue. -Eds. Rural New-Yorker.] 
Ylairp l)usbawlvtt. 
AN IMPROVED BUTTER-WORKER. 
IN Rural New-Yorker of June 17, 1871, 
T saw a drawing of a Butter-Worker. Now, 
F think that mine is an Improvement on all 
ottfers that. I have Been. The bed piece is 
four feet long and two feet, wide at the end, 
made of two-inch sugar maple plank. The 
sides are three inches wide, also of sugar 
(y 
manic. The roller is fifteen inches long 
and seven inches in diameter at. the handle, 
the angle being tin: same as the tied upon 
which it rolls. No patent right. —11. Mil- 
eox. 
Recently, in our visit among the butter 
during the wur the number of our sheen mul tlie m .. ker „ (>t - Tompkins we saw a butter- 
pmduol of wool rapidly increased; sheep ad- ... . , . . 
vatioeil Kn*fltly Jn prU?i% Anil Mu* husbandry pro workerviuymuch liked, mid it ^.iid» .1 .11 
Rented to superficial observers all (lie ostensible improvement on t hat figured iti the Rural 
Rented to mipnrilolul observers all I lie ostensible 
indications "I prosperity, I can but touch on 
the icii,- axis. During Unit period wool averaged 
in currency Bti.42 cento per pound 26.6:1 cento 
higher than the average of tin thirty-live pre¬ 
ceding years. This seemed a good price, and un¬ 
commercial men were slow to UppreciUb' the 
distinction between the value of gold and a legal 
tender currency. Tlie great increase in tho de¬ 
mand for wool, and the flourishing condition and 
rapid extension of woolen nuinuiactiiroaafford¬ 
ed further encouragement, and excited the pub¬ 
lic mi till. Thu prevailing Idea that, in tho phrase 
of tlie day," King Cotton” was dead, induced 
tin- expectation that thotmonuous conxumptioU 
or wool would lie periminpiil. It wito behoved 
that the restoration ol the Union would ouly in¬ 
crease the number of consumers of our wool. 
Auil, finally, those xvho understood tile Inade¬ 
quacy <d' tiio existing protection, anticipated 
that our war debt would demand for many years 
to coma Oil amount- of revenue which would, 
under the adopted theory of discrimination, en¬ 
sure tin speedy and adequate protection of wool. 
Accordingly, mull it odes rushed Into the brini¬ 
ness producing that rise in the demand for sheet), 
and in rlietr prieoa, which I luivu mentioned. 
These circumstances stimulated imiirovcmeiiw, 
and extraordinary prices wore paid for choice 
animals to effect those imprnvcmcnto in Gic 
Rhortost time. Nearly all the Money made iu 
sheep husbandry during the war was made on 
tiic sale of sheep and not. on the sale ol wool. 
I low many of theao expectations exploded 
like bubbles at the close of the wur, I need not 
inform the experienced growers and tnunnfae- 
jHiss's hen: present. 1 must puss very rapidly 
over wind followed. Doth the wool uml woolen 
interest - were prompt in acting in the emer- 
genov. lief tire tiio close of IHti.’i the National As¬ 
sociations ol the two industries met m this city. 
1 1 was a meeting as ail-piclous ns Important In 
its revolts, Those who bad opposed and thwart¬ 
ed each other for half a century, now grown 
wiser, placed themselves on the just and sound 
platform of mutuality—equal protection to both 
industries- and thej appointed committees to 
■uj Jointly in preparing the draft of a wool 
and woolen tariff to be submitted to Congress 
through the Internal Revenue Commission 
These com mi 11 ces performed Herculean labor 
iu collecting full statistics of their rc-iieetive in- 
duBtrieN; imld repottttol uieetlngsln New York, 
I’liiludelphia and Washington, mid finally, after 
sifting and weighing every clause and word, 
agreed ott the draft of the bill which passed 
Congress almost without alteration. 
It would take up loo much time to review the 
voluminous and singularly uniform testimony 
on which we acted, in fixing the proper rate ot 
duties. W’e aimed to so tlx them on wool, as 
bavity to prevent foreign wools from selling in 
our market* lielow the actual cost of domestic 
production. Regardful ot the interests of the 
consumer, and willing to trust, to our own In¬ 
dustry and skill, we asked for equality iu our 
markets anil nothing more. We asked for jus¬ 
tice and not for favor. And t believe we attain¬ 
ed these precise object* at* nearly as practicable 
in the provisions of the law. 
Most unfortunately the bill failed to pass in 
New-Yorker and referred to by our cor¬ 
respondent. The improvement, consisted in 
'laving the slab or bed-piece broader than 
that, or the old worker and dispensing with 
the fiido-pioocs. It was simply a plain slab, 
similar in shape to the figure (I, 0, b, <\ in the 
abovo engraving, and which wo have let¬ 
tered for the purpose of showing tlie form, 
&e. Tito front side is a little broader and 
more rounding than that of (/, <■, shown in the 
figure. Tho advantage ot having no sharp 
corners to clean will be obvious. 
--♦♦♦-- 
WINTER BUTTER-MAKING. 
hours, and tiio cream then taken off and 
churned, it ought to make a nice quality of 
butter. The temperature of the cream 
when ready for churning should not be far 
from 00 s . Iu cool weather theci'cum some¬ 
times goes to churn too cold, and when no 
attention id given to test its temperature 
with a thermometer, the churning may be 
prolonged on account of its low tempera¬ 
ture. In such eases, if warm water be added 
to the creatu to raise its temperature tho 
butt er will come without difficulty. The but¬ 
ter-maker should always be provided with 
ngood t hermometer, and depend upon that, 
in testing the cream, rather t linn guessing 
at the temperature, as many do, by apply¬ 
ing the linger or hand. 
If tlie cream was 75° when put in tho 
churn, it was much too warm, and would be 
very likely to tnnko poor butter. We should 
presume that cream churned at this tem¬ 
perature and tlie butter worked thoroughly 
probably over-worked—would have the 
appearance of lard. Care should be taken 
not to over-work butter. It requires but 
very little manipulation. Wash out tlie 
but termilk by pouring cold water over tho 
mass, manipulating it just sufficient, to free 
if from moisture having a milky appearnnoe, 
and then Work it no more than is necessary 
to incorporate tlie salt evenly. 
There is probably no churn that will give 
better results than the old fashioned dash- 
churn. Tho only objection is that it works 
rather hard and requires a good deal of 
muscle in the churning. Tho Blanchard 
churn is Operated with more ease, and is a 
good churn. We cannot give a list of prices 
for these Implements, but must refer our 
correspondent to tlie advertising columns 
of tho Rural. 
Wo do not believe it is a good practice to 
havu the “ butter come "in so short a space 
of time as a minute and a, half or two 
minutes. Tho best butter is made when 
churning occupies from a half to three- 
quarters of an hour. At this season of tho 
year when cows are fed upon nothing but 
hay, the butter is apt to lack in color. By 
feeding meal and roots in addition to tho 
hay, tho color will be improved. But where 
artificial color is required, wo know of 
nothing better than Aimattoiue or dry ex¬ 
tract of Amiatto. It is now prepared in 
fluid form, especially for butter, aud may 
bo had at the shops. If a pure article of 
basket Amiatto can bo had, it may bo pre¬ 
pared also in fluid form by cutting with con¬ 
centrated potash and sal soda. The mix¬ 
ture should be allowed to stand until all 
sediment is at the bottom of the vessel, then 
pour oil' tho liquor and strain through a line 
cloth, using sufficient in tho cream at tho 
time of churning to give tho desired shade 
of color to tho butler. 
To make guod winter butter t he cows 
should be fed liberally with early cut hay, 
brail or Indian meal, with a daily mess of 
roots of some kind. Then by attention to 
temperature in setting tlie milk and iu 
churning, there .should he no trouble in 
making “nice butter." 
©he flterdsmait. 
NOTES FOR HERDSMEN. 
WINTER BUTTER-MAKING. Weight of a Short-IIorn Calf.— Wx. 
H. Norton, Spriugwater, N. Y., writes that 
I have commenced making butter, and | 1( , a, short-horn caJf the past season 
do not uiiderst ami whv it. is '.V'/mTii,'m whose weigh t at six days old was 118 pounds; 
noor. I.am Very careful about oil the little , ‘ .. 
things, wash all tho pans myself, and do not at two months old, .{•>(> pounds; at five 
more than half till them. My butter is usu- months old, 586 pounds; at uluo months aud 
ally good, hut il will not keep long, and sev- ojghteen day ; old, 820 pounds. Tills calf had 
oral wish to get butter f**r the winter from ^ the milk of the dam, and meal when In 
me. 1 do nutlet, tin* milk stand over twenty- 
Saiipu .ifi.l flinr-n wIiiIh llu* 1-reUTli is WOUlU eat It. 
me. I do not let tin* milk stand over l.weuty- 
four hours, and churn while the cream is 
sweet. 1 want a new churn, for the old- 
fashioned one my husband took among other 
farm things is too small, ami we have four 
new cows, ('an you tell iue which vou think 
flest, and also the price V I would like to 
know at what temperature the milk should 
in: kept, for 1 think seventy-live i a little 
too warm. 1 churned four or five hours last 
week, and was obliged to leave until the 
next day. It looked like lanl, and after 
working it over thoroughly was verv poor. 
I think the creutn was ton warm h lieu I 
churned. By stirring it om;e or twice each 
t ime I add to the cream, I havomnde butter 
conn* iii amiuutoimd a half, or at least two. 
Will you please lot me know what give-, the 
best, color in the winter. Mine is a little 
pale?—J ennie Jenkins, Li Roy, N. Y, 
Dec. 6,1871. 
There are a great many causes that ope¬ 
rate to the injury of butter. It is import¬ 
ant to keep tho dairy utensils and the dairy- 
house dean ami sweet. The trouble com¬ 
plained of by our correspondent probably 
comes from setting the milk ill uneven tem¬ 
perature, sometimes too warm and some¬ 
times too cold. Tho best temperature, for 
setting the milk is about 1*0° and not above 
Go 5 . When milk is kept at this tempera¬ 
ture and allowed to stand but twenty-four 
Cows Aborting. — i have two valuable 
cows, one four years old tlie other three 
years old. They have both lost their calves 
within ten days past. Both cows are in 
first-rate condition, well fed and well eared 
for, being stabled nights and running out in 
the day-time. One's time would have been 
out in February ami tho other in March 
next. They have both been stabled and 
oared for alike, fed quite heavy ou pump¬ 
kins nil t hrough the month Of October and 
the fore part of November. Since that time 
they have been fed mostly on corn stalks, 
with a few potatoes, cut up, and a little meal 
on them. I liud left off milking one; the 
other I had not. Did the pumpkins that 
they ate or the corn stalks have anything to 
do with their loosing their calves? Or was 
it owing to something else ?—If. R. (’. Dale, 
Wt/omi /!{/ Co., N. V- 
Wit have seen it asserted (though we have 
had no such experience) that feeding cows 
pumpkins with the seeds in them will cause 
them to abort. We do not believe corn 
stalks have anything to do with producing 
such a result. 
