MOOSE’S RUSAL HEW-YORKER 
•JAiL <33 
^ontological. 
ANGEBS AND ORANGE QUINCES. 
F. R. Elliott writes the Western Pomp- 
logist:— “Iji your October number of Po- 
mologist, I note an article from the Rural 
New-Yorker, on the Angers and Orange 
Quinces. It was of old time a received im¬ 
pression that the Augers was only valuable 
for stocks on which to work the pear, but 
the proof of a good thing is in its net worth, 
as an orchard on my own grounds of the 
Orange and Augers alternat e, show accord¬ 
ing to samples 1 send you this day by ex¬ 
press. By them I think you will find the 
Angers is of an equal size to the orange, and 
of as good color, but it the tree -has a 
more vigorous early growth, and it does not 
as early conic into bearing. The talk that 
the orange ha- many varieties is simple ab¬ 
surdity. Seedlings have of course been 
grown of It, resulting in anything but the 
true thing, and although I Ilo not wish to 
touch the honor or knowledge of auy man, 
yet I must say that for years growers and 
dealers sold orange quince seedlings a* the 
true Orange quince. Hence comes the re¬ 
mark in your item from the Rural New- 
Branch or Royal Anne Cherry, Reduced. 
Yorker— ‘that some are nearly globular, 
others are pyriform, etc.,"—all of which is 
bosh, and expression wanting in knowledge. 
Another point relative is the item—‘that 
the Angers is less liable to attacks of quince 
curculio, owing to its hard surface and 
woolly covering,”—all of which is nonsense, 
and untruthful—as you perhaps can see by 
the samples sent herewith.” 
What Mr. Elliott intended to prove by 
the above statement I am at a loss to deter¬ 
mine, unless it is that all of our pomolugists 
are in error except himself. If his Orange 
and Angers quince are the same In size and 
color they are probably one and tlm same 
sort, which of course does not prove that 
there are not two very distinct varieties 
known under these two names. 
is cultivated in that State and spoken of 
favorably. “The fruit is of a deep claret 
color; the pulp is sweet, and slightly acid. 
The shrub is highly ornamental, and may 
be propagated freely by cuttings, and bears 
at the age of eighteen months. It is a na¬ 
tive of South America, and has an external 
texture resembling the Gg—its pulp, a straw¬ 
berry. It is considered a valuable addition 
to; ini'. UAL— (coccus cacti). 
The Angers quince, as known to Eastern to stone fruil 
pomologists, and from whence Mr. Elliott y,. ur . These 
obtained his plants, if he has any, is as dis- g6(J( j a , 
tinct from the true Orange as a wild crab tire fruit gat 
apple is from a Fall Pippin; and I ahull hold tuii.lv succee 
myself in readiness to furnish Mr. Elliott p j wntv , 
with plants and l'ruit of both next season to uhq., warm" b 
prove tlie correct Hess of this statement. produce fruit 
In the next paragraph Mr. Elliott con- _ 
tradictB himself and proves the truth of my 
assertion, lie says;—“The talk that the /|t tv-j- 
Orange has many varieties is simple absurd- ^ ** ' 
ity. Seedlings have of course been grown — 
of it, resulting in anything but the true pom 
tiling, * * * * and I must say that for 
.Vary growers and dealers sold Orange The Cochin 
quince seedlings as the true Orange quince.” ( 0 Europeans 
This is just the poiut made In my diary, a f ter their co 
Sept. 7, page 186, Rural New-Yorker for j t was a long 
Sept. 23, /. c., that there are many varieties known to scic 
known as tho Orange quince. Mr. Elliott taken to oxtei 
evidently does not know the true Angers jdanta u] 
quince, hence his remarks in regard to non- (urds guard.*, 
sense and the untruthfulriess of my state- with jealous 
ment in regard to its less liability to attacks j lvc bisect to 
of the quince curculio.— Ruralist. fnrfeir that i 
to stone fruits. It produces two crops a 
year. These plants are propagated from 
seeds, which, wheu brought over iu the en¬ 
tire fruit, gathered fully ripe, will more cer¬ 
tainly succeed. Iu summer they will re¬ 
quire plenty of water. It flowers, in favor¬ 
able, warm locations, all tho year, and will 
produce fruit tho third year. 
<1> n t o m o l a n i c a l. 
COCHINEAL—(Coccus Cacti.) 
POMOLOGICAL GOSSIP. 
“ Royal Anne ” Cherry.—From Messrs. 
Russell, Ferry & Woodward, Portland, 
Oregon, we have received specimens of what 
is known in Oregon as the “Royal Anne” 
Cherry, an engraving of which, natural size, 
we give herewith. Woalso give an illustra¬ 
tion of a fruit branch of this cherry, re¬ 
duced, showing its habit as grown in that 
moist climate. This whs produced by Mr. 
Setii Luelling, near Portland. The Length 
of the branch was 22 inches; Rize of the cher¬ 
ries, 3 to 3 1-3 inches in circumference ; 
weight of brunch, 5 pounds; contained 186 
cherries. We do not know this fruit, (under 
the above name, at least,) and shall be glad 
if some of the Oregon pomologists will en¬ 
lighten us. Where did it originate? 
The Cuyahoga and Martha Grapes. — 
The Rural World says; — “Cuyahoga has 
produced this season bundles of large ber¬ 
ries; color white, tending to flesh color; 
very sweet and rich; somewhat late. The 
small berries become quite pink and sw'oet 
before the main Cluster is ripe, while in most 
other varieties—the Concord for example— 
the small berries are quite green when the 
bunch is ripe and black. Martha—iu fruit, 
foliage, health, hardiness and productive¬ 
ness, stands at tho head. Berry medium, 
china w’hite; foliage very distinct aud 
healthy.” 
Mr. Upton’s Apples. —“A Delaware 
reader would be pleased to have Mr. C. 8. 
Upton mention some of his best-keeping 
apples. Also, the variety of those ninety- 
nine. “ 
If the Delaware Reader” who wrote the 
foregoing had carefully read the article he 
alludes to, he would have learned that the 
variety was the “Twenty-ounce,” and that 
they were grown by Mr. Greenman. We 
believe Mr. Upton is a dealer iu (it may be 
a grower, also, of) apples. 
The Guava in California.—According 
to E. G. Hooper, in the Pacific Rural Press, 
a species of Guava (Psldium cutthyanum) 
The Cochineal insect first became known 
to Europeans through the Spaniards, soon 
after their conquest of Mexico in 1858. But 
it was a long time before its habits were 
known to scientific men, or any steps were 
taken to extend its propagation or increase 
the plants upon which it lives. The Span¬ 
iards guarded their plantations in Mexico 
with jealous care, and would not permit a 
live insect to be taken out of the country, 
for fear that it might be propagated by rival 
nations and thereby create competition iu 
the market. 
Royal Anxe Cherry. Natural size. 
The first recorded instance of any one suc¬ 
ceeding in conveying live specimens out of 
Mexico, is given by Dr. Bancroft in his 
“ Researches on the Philosophy of Perma¬ 
nent Colors.” The French Government had 
long been anxious to procure the Cochineal 
for their West India possessions, but tailed 
iu every attempt, on account of the watch¬ 
fulness of the Spaniards. In 1777 M. Thier¬ 
ry de \1 knoxville left Port an Prince, St. 
Domingo, for the purpose of procuring some 
living Cochineal insects from Mexico, and 
bringing them to the West Indies, the 
French Government having appropriated 
4,000 livres to pay the expenses of Menon- 
VILLE, who proceeded to Vera Cruz, where 
be learned that the finest Cochineal was 
produced at G uaxacu, some 350 miles distant. 
Menoxville pretending ill health, obtained 
permission to use the baths of the river 
Magdalena, but instead of going thither he 
proceeded directly to Guaxaca, where, after 
making the necessary observations in regard 
to this insect, and the species of Cacti upon 
which it was reared, he affected to believe 
that Cochineal wa3 just the medicine he de¬ 
sired for his pretended disease, (the gout,) 
aud therefore persuaded the superintendent 
of a plantation to sell him some branches of 
a cactus covered with these insects. Putting 
these iu some boxes with other plants, for 
concealment, he was enabled to bring them 
away among his botanical trifles. 
Although Menoxville had been fortunate 
thus far, u revolution which broke out soon 
after his return caused the destruction and 
neglect of his treasures, and the Spaniards 
remained masters of the Cochineal trade for 
many years thereafter. 
The Cochineals feed upon several species 
of what are known as the Prickly Pear cac¬ 
tus ; but the oue most extensively cultivated 
for this purpose is the smooth branched, or 
Opuntia cocclnelllfera. This species grows 
six to ten feet high, with obovate-ohlong 
branches almost spineless. The flowers are 
red, succeeded by a large crimson berry. 
In the accompanying illustration a small 
section of a branch is shown, also a flower 
bud aud mature flower attached, both of 
natural size. 
The difference between the male and fe¬ 
male Cochineal insect is so very marked that 
one unacquainted with them would scarcely 
suppose that they could possibly bo related. 
The male, a natural size, (c magnified) has a 
long depressed body of a dark red. The head 
is small, furnished with two long feathery 
antennae, and the abdomen Is terminated 
with two fine hairs, somewhat longer than 
the body. Tho female b, natural size, (d 
magnified,) is about twice the size of the 
male,Bomcwhat convex above and flat below. 
They have no wings and their legs only 
serve for clinging to the branch from which 
they draw their food. The beak or sucker is 
quite largely developed, but the hairs which 
terminate the abdomen are much shorter 
than in the male. 
(.’actus plantations (which are termed 
Nopuleriea from Nopal, one of the common 
names of the particular species upon which 
the Cochineal is reared,) are now established 
iu various tropical countries. Those in 
Algeria are perhaps the most flourishing of 
any in the Eam; but they arc being extend¬ 
ed every year aud Mexico is rapidly losing 
her prestige for the production of this use¬ 
ful art icle. The amount of Cochineal pro¬ 
duced annually is about four millions of 
pounds. 
<ahc 0mepi;(I. 
CAUSE OF GEAPE EOT. 
J. H. H., in tho Rural World of Dec. 23, 
states wliat he has discovered in his efforts 
to discover the cause of grape rot, as fol¬ 
lows:—“I went to work with magnifiers 
and was not long iu finding something that 
attracted my attention; I discovered spots 
almost invisible to the uaked eye, which, 
with a magnifying glass, were seen to be cir¬ 
cular and composed of white granules, fun¬ 
gus of course. The next morning the little 
round spots had enlarged and were sur¬ 
rounded by a brown, thread-like halo, which 
was the beginning of the spot or circle seen 
on the grape, which we call rot. The origi¬ 
nal little white spot becomes yellowish and 
does not spread, and the skin is so much 
broken that gum exudes from it, which I 
suppose gave rise to the idea of its having 
been stung. The brown part goes on until 
the grapes are entirely destroyed. The rot 
is confined to the parts immediately under 
the skin, aud if, with a sharp instrument, 
as a needle, the skin be scarified outside the 
limit of the fungus, it will lift off, having no 
connexion with the pulp of the grape, and 
it will heal and the grape gut ripe, pro¬ 
vided the wound is not too large. Here, 
again, in the cutting out of parts affected 
the bug theory is exploded, for it is the 
spreading of the fungus under the skin that 
is doing the mischief. That which attacks 
the Concord with circular spots aud the Ca¬ 
tawba bv causing the whole berry to become 
brown, 1 suspect is the same fungus, differ¬ 
ing on account of the nidus, and 1 also sus¬ 
pect that the mildew on the leaf is the same, 
and that fungi are considerably metamor- 
phic.” 
- ♦♦♦ -. 
VINEYAED NOTES. 
The Eninelan Grape in Saratoga Co., 
N. Y. —The Eumelan grape was the first to 
ripen on my grounds the past season, beat¬ 
ing the Concord and the Delaware. It 
proves to be a vigorous grower and very 
hardy.—F. VV. C., ltirbyHomestead Charl¬ 
ton, N. Y. _ 
Uulerniented Juice of the Grape.—Dr. 
B. F. Head ex, Santa Clara. Cal., has in¬ 
vented a process by which grape juice can 
be kept a long time without fermentation. 
He has it in hiB possession three years old, 
it is said. It may be that this will help the 
solution of the temperance question. 
