CORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKE 
Q 
NATIONAL CONTENTION OF WOOL GROW- 
EBS AND WOOL MANUFACTURERS. 
Ijj our Issue of January 0, we published a por¬ 
tion of the proceedings of this Convention at 
Syracuse. This body Issued an Address to the 
President and Congress of the United States. It 
Is so long we are unable to print It entire. The 
Address rehearses the action of the Convention 
of 18&S. embraces the resolutions adopted there¬ 
by, the basis for the adjustment of old differ¬ 
ences, and the history of the mutual effort to 
devise a scheme of legislation which should be 
consistent In all its details with the mutuality of 
interest and equality of protection proposed by 
the two interests. The history of tills whole 
movement Is familiar to the readers of the Ru¬ 
ral New-Yorker, in whose columns It has 
been recorded. 
The Address shows the practical results of (his 
action of the Convention of 1865, and of the con¬ 
ferences between the Cbmmlttwaof Wool Grow¬ 
ers and Wool Manufacturers to hav e been the 
duties upon wools and woolens Incorporated in 
the tariff of 1867. and which Is still preserved In 
all its essential features. How this legislation, 
so carefully planned and prepared, has borne (At¬ 
test of experience, is th*i argument of the ad¬ 
dress. We must summarize the points of this 
argument ns follows: 
1. The New (System of the Clnssiflcation of 
Wool then inaugurated—that is, clothing, comb¬ 
ing and carpet, auil other similar wools, deter¬ 
mined by samples—has been recognized as scien¬ 
tifically correct by European experts, the ad¬ 
ministrative means devised to apply this olassifl- 
catfon have proved most effective, and the sys¬ 
tem meets the approbation of the great body of 
growers and manufacturers. 
2. The Income on Wools competing with those 
produced in the United States has increased 
since 1867, tho general interests of agriculture 
have been promoted thereby, and the duties on 
competing wools since 1867 have saved the sheep 
husbandry of the United States from annihila¬ 
tion. 
3. Three.Quart**™ of the Wool Manufactured 
in the United States Is of home growth. Our 
fabrics are designed with reference to the pe¬ 
culiar qualities of our own fiber, and derive from 
them their soundness and durability. Our ma¬ 
chinery Is adapted for working our own wools, 
and our host skill, founded on experience of 
these characters, is exorcised in numipulnluig 
them. Although we may Import limited sun- 
plies of foreign wool, the ample domestic supply 
regulates the cost of such raw material as wo 
may Import. The failure of ft domestic supply 
of wool would lie as fatal to our mills us the dry¬ 
ing up of the streams of water which move 
them. As a result of the economic law that no 
nation doesorean continue to import more than 
one-tanth of ail It consumes, we could net itn- 
pav for their present abundant supply of cheap 
and good doming. The decline or the national 
sheep husbandry involves not only the arresting 
of emigration to new territory, the continued 
impoverishment of old lands, the diminution of 
healthful food, the stopping of mills and the dis¬ 
persion of laborers, hut It involves the abandon¬ 
ment or curtailment of thevnat clothing ottab- 
listiment* In our great cities, which arc depend¬ 
ent upon American fabrics, and a less abundant 
provision of comfortable clothing for the great 
mass of our people. 
4. The Cauae for Depression in t lie wool trade 
and the reasons for asserting that but for duties 
on wools and woolens American sheep husband¬ 
ry would be annihilated, are given m the shape 
or figures showing tho extent of the wool pro¬ 
duction tn the Southern hemisphere and the low 
cost thereof. 
3. Million Hlieep Husbandry and the produc¬ 
tion ot combing wool have umde. equal progress 
The culture of the long woolcd race* lias greatly 
extended in Vermont, Ohio, Kentucky, Virginia, 
Southern Now York, Eastern Pennsylvania and 
New Jersey, and has been pursued with a profit 
so much exceeding that obtainable in any other 
branch of agriculture that the time is uot dis¬ 
tant when we shall no longer resort to Canada 
for the combing wools for our worsted manu¬ 
facture. This progress—one of the most hopo- 
ful features of our agriculture, as it implies tne 
pursuit of the most advnnced arts of husbandry 
—Is largely due to tho protection afforded to our 
domestic combing wools by the tariff of 1867. 
I» Humoral Sheep Husbandry law made mark¬ 
ed progress In the regions favored with facilities 
for winter grazing. The wool produce of the 
Pacific States is constantly and rapidly increas¬ 
ing. The export* and consumption of California 
amounted in 1868 to 15,538,417 lbs.; in 1868 to 17,- 
ZXL.'ffO lbs., and in 1870 to JJ3.557.871 lbs. In the 
pastoral regions of the far West 8,000,000 to 10,- 
000,0(10 sheep are now profitably kept in place of 
scarcely 3,000,000 in the territories and Pacific 
States In 1860. 
8. The Effect of the Tariff Act of 1867, upon 
the nianufacturer’ft interests, by Increasing his 
protection, was not generally advantageous, as 
in the majority of fabrics greater protection 
was given than under the Morrill tariff and its 
amendments. The practical inquiry then is, 
what has been the effect of the protective meas¬ 
ures of tlie last decade as a whole upon the pros¬ 
perity of the woolen manufacturer ? This is to 
be determined by the increase of productive de¬ 
velopment of industry In new States, improve¬ 
ment of old and achievement of new fabrics, 
and the general sentiment among manufacturers 
at the present day with regard to the past and 
future. 
9. Progress of Production is shown by tlio fol¬ 
lowing table, in which, the condition of our wool 
industry In 1868 is compared with that of the 
years 1850 and I860: 
Items. 1850. 1860. 1868 
Pounds of wool grown M,510,069 00.51UW 177,000.000 
Value of wool impart'd $1,681,001 $1,812,152 $3,915,262 
Value of wool manufac¬ 
tures imported.. • 17.151,500 87,937490 32,109,759 
Value of domestic wool . „ __ _ 
manufactures.. 45,281,761 08,865,963 l.o,000,0(XI 
It appears by this statement that in 1860 the 
value of our domestic wool manufacture was 
$318,865,903. In 1868 il had risen to $175,000,000; 
an increase in eight years of $106,134,037 The 
production therefore had increased, under the 
protective system, in eight years, one hundred 
and fifty per cent., while our population hud ad¬ 
vanced only thirty per cent. Within this period 
a war has intervened* as in the decade of 1810 
and 1830. A , 
HH'ore the war with Grout Britain* in 1810, the 
value of woolen manufactures was $25,608,785. 
After it, 1830, it was but $4,113,065. Then there 
wits no defense against foreign goods. 'The con¬ 
trast in tin: condition of tho industries, at the 
close of the two decades, can have no other ex¬ 
planation than the difference in the economic 
policy prevailing at the two periods. 
An Interesting illustration of progress Is the 
extension of wool ruuoufactories in the West. 
The number of factories fit ere in i860 wits 359, 
with 394 sots, and $1,61(1,740 capital, lit 1808 the 
number was 557, with 905 sets, employing a cap¬ 
ital of $5,118,(KX). This does not include Hie Cali¬ 
fornia and Oregon factories, which manufacture 
several millions pounds annually Into fabrics, 
some of which greatly surpass the best products 
of our oldest Custom mills. Tile admitted re¬ 
sult ill’ this extension of wool manufacture at 
tiie West, is a diminution of the cost of woolen 
Clothing to consumers there of at least fifty per 
cent. 
IO. What oar .Wonafnrtur,wn Famish our 
people is thus stated; We supply with cheap 
and sound clothing the great muss of tho people, 
furnishing the greater proportion of tho coast - 
mercs, tricots and cheviots for business suits; 
the beavers, tnoscows mid cloakings for outer 
garments, and supply the great bulk of the fab¬ 
rics worked up in the vast ready-made clothing 
establishment* in our cities, which employ quite 
ws many operatives ma our whole woolen manu¬ 
facture. we furnish the grunt bulk of the knit 
goods for nndejulotiling* and the liannels am! 
blanket*for bed coverings. We furnish all the 
ingrain carpets oonsilrno<3 here, which are pro¬ 
duced from twice tho number of looms there- 
are. in England, making the American work l lig¬ 
num’.? parlor and home the most cheerful and at¬ 
tractive itt which labor everfotmd repose, For 
the more luxurious we make half the Brussels, 
tapestry and a part of Mu- Axtumster carpets 
consumed here. We supply nearly all the de¬ 
laines, the most extensively consumed of rite 
cheaper fabrics for I'rmale attire, and are baity 
producing now fabrics for female wear, such it's 
Coburg*, worsted poplins, serges, cloakings, 
printed cashmeres, alpaca, mohair lusters aud 
scarcely 3,000,000 in the territories and Pacific 
States In i860. 
7, The Frogreas of 8Ui»en Husbandry during 
the last decade is thus stated;—In 1H50 our total 
wool production according to the returns of the 
census was 52.516,359 pounds. In i860 under a 
free tradepolioy it had reached only 60*511,343 
pounds. The estimate* of a government slatis- 
ticlnu would place the production ofl 865 at. 115,- 
00U.UUU pounds, iu» average of 65,000,000 pounds 
per annum for tho first live years Of the decade, 
and for the last Uvo years of the decade at an 
average of 130,000,oui pounds per annum. A 
private statistician in the trade, of accepted re¬ 
liability, estimates the total wool production of 
the United States tor lt«7 at 160.000,(DO pounds ; 
for 1868 at 177,00.1,rw I; for pftQ at aud 
for 1»T0 at 163.000.000 pomids. The total tailing 
off from 1868 to 1870, so strenuously urged as a 
proof of the failure of the protective system, is 
but 15,IX»J,UJ0 pounds, less than ono-ntnth part of 
the increase in eight years preceding lstl8. Thc- 
whole decade, under the defensive influences of 
the war. of the MorrlU tariff and its amend¬ 
ments, tho tariff of 1867 and its amendments, has 
been with respect to the woolen Industry, the 
most marked protective period of our history, 
and the progress of wool production and sheep 
husbandry Is not the least convincing of the 
many examples which may be adduced of the 
wisdom of tho economic policy which has dis¬ 
tinguished this decade. 
printed cashmeres, alpaca, mohair lusters aud 
braids, as well as l.i.-st ings for shoes, Which have 
been produced with such success ns to reduce in 
two years the price of the foreign article from 
$1.10* to lib conls per yard. We contribute for 
furniture purpOftesall wool and union damasks 
and silk eoteiines aud reps of tasteful design 
aud color, and finally have i-enurved from our 
ships and ports the signal of our national de¬ 
pendent**—a British bunting. Thus, if we have 
been recipient* of national favors wohavo not 
wholly failed to discharge our obligations. jN ear¬ 
ly all the fabrics above i-nutm-ruled have been, 
as to this country, creations of the last ten years. 
Thus we have developed manufacturing Instead 
of simply pursuing it. We have not been man¬ 
ufacturers simply, but creators of manufactur¬ 
ers, founders of industries which. If not allowed 
to decay through national Indifference, will per¬ 
petually occupy our people und enrich the 
country. 
11. Uf the Condition of the Woolen Industry 
now, the Address says the concurrent testimony 
is that, as a whole, woolen manufacture is pros¬ 
perous, although there are cases, as there always 
will be, of depression ensuing from other causes 
than a tariff policy, such as those resulting from 
over production, the change of style* to meet 
the demands ul proscribing fashion, &e. 
IS. The llemedy for Over Production in cer¬ 
tain of i lie older branches of manufacture, Is 
the diversion of skill, niHchltiary utiil capital to 
other articles of mumiftuuure. The only ob¬ 
stacle to such diversion is the want of con¬ 
fidence in the continuance of our protective sys¬ 
tem. So long its foreign influence can make it 
doubtful whether our protective system will 
continue, American capital will refuse to enter 
Into Investments in now branches of manufac¬ 
ture. The bane of industrial enterprise is insta¬ 
bility and agitation of our tariff policy. And 
the expenditure which stimulates this agitation 
is sufficiently accounted for in the purpose of 
our foreign rivals to deter capital here from en¬ 
tering Into new manufacturing enterprises. 
13. The Future Prosperity of woolen Interests 
depend* not only upon the adcqmo y of tin- de¬ 
fenses which shall be [(reserved, for both its 
branches against, foreign aggression, and the 
confidence that these defenses shall be stable 
und permanent, but also upon the prosperity of 
domestic consumers, without widen it is impos¬ 
sible that our own production should continue 
to be profitable. While the necessity of check¬ 
ing excessive importations is the most obvious 
necessity, a still more important one is the in¬ 
crease of the purchasing power of our whole 
people, and the firm establishment of that gen¬ 
eral national policy which siuiil secure to the 
working and great consuming class full employ¬ 
ment and adequate reward for labor. 
Speeches were made commending and endors¬ 
ing- the Address und the Resolutions in conso¬ 
nance with It? spirit, by Hon, George Geddos, 
Onondaga Co.. N. Y.; A. G. Percy. Wayne Co.. 
X. Y.; Mi . Clark or Vermont; L. T. Hawley of 
New York; Hon. J. Wiley Edmonds, President 
of the National Association ol' Woolen Manu¬ 
facturers; Mr. Stephens. President of the Wool 
Growers' Association of Ohio; Hiram K. Ed¬ 
wards, Onondaga Co., N. Y.; M. II. Lawrence, 
Yates Co., X. Y7; G. B. Stebbins, Detroit, Mich.; 
Eli Stilson, President Wisconsin State Wool 
Growers' Association; C. L. Harding, Boston, 
Mass.; Mr. Flint of California; Mr. Norton or 
Wisconsin, \c. 
REARING CANARIES. 
In raising canaries, the first care is to 
select birds that mate well. Buy a pure 
golden -yellow and tapering male. This 
color shows long domestication, and the 
tapering form proves careful breeding. No¬ 
tice, also, the singing of the bird, ami select 
tho best you can got The color of the fe¬ 
male should be as dark as possible, since 
this is sign of hardiness—a very essential 
quality in a mother bird. By blending these 
two colors one may secure all the fancy 
colors prized in these fine cage-birds. 
Take a cage, not less than two feet long, 
one foot wide and the same in hight, and 
running a partition in the middle, place the 
seed and water box on this partition. Thus 
you have two cages combined, one for each 
bird. This arrangement saves you a great 
deal of trouble in case your pets arc quar¬ 
relsome, and enables you to regulate their 
breeding season. Feed on canary seed, 
liemp and rape, keeping cuttlefish bone or 
a piece of mortar within reach of the birds. 
Give plenty of greens, vegetables or grass, 
fttld occasionally a small bit of fresh meat. L 
have successfully raised canaries on corn- 
bread. The inhabitants of the Harts Moun¬ 
tains raise many thousands of birds sent to 
this aud other countries ott boiled Irish po¬ 
tatoes. The greater the variety of food the 
healthier your birds. By going to the same 
box to feed and drink the most quarrelsome 
birds get accustomed to esich other’s pres¬ 
ence, aud soon Commenoe all the fantastic 
capers of gallantry peculiar to their kind. 
When the Haywood Is hloxxominy, re¬ 
move tho partition, fix tho seed-box in one 
end and put iu a ucst in the other ex¬ 
tremity. Nests, all ready for use, are sold 
iu the stores, and a half ooooanut shell—the 
one with the monkey-face preferable—an¬ 
swers the purpose. Any boy or girl, read¬ 
ing the Rural New-Yorker, may, by tax¬ 
ing his or her ingenuity a little, construct a 
suitable nest. Little bits of clean straw or 
hay may be thrown in, to line the nest. 
Avoid for this purpose cotton, strings or 
rags, for those’ being entangled into the 
bird’s feet, may empty the whole contents, 
eggs or young birds. 
Some birds will quarrel; but after mating 
they cannot be separated on this account, 
unless you want to kill them of a broken 
heart. In this case, however, you may take 
out the eggs, as they are laid, restoring 
them into the nest when the female goes 
setting. It is needless to remark that the 
tiny eggs arc very frail, therefore they must 
be handled very tenderly, and that grease 
on the shells unfits them for hatching, hence 
the fingers must be perfectly clean. During 
the laying season, one should give some 
hard-boiled eggs along with other food. 
But breeding in small cages is very unsat¬ 
isfactory. The narrow space often irritates 
the male, and violent fights pusuo, particu¬ 
larly after the female is setting and is deaf 
to his gallantry. Some birds cat their eggs; 
others, in t he desperation of their confine¬ 
ment, tease the young ones, by pecking 
them, pulling out their feathers, &o., &c. 
Ilenoe, get as large, a cage us you can. 
The best way to raise eunarics is in a 
room. The writer, for his children’s sake, 
bought, fourteen years ago, four females 
aud two males, ami put them in his garret, 
where the lower sash was removed and re¬ 
placed by wire gauze. Two nails were 
driven into the ceiling, and, by means of 
wires, a fishing pole was fixed for a perch, 
also a perch was made In front of the win¬ 
dow. Coeoanut shells were nailed on the 
wails for nests, and on a swinging board was 
given their food and water. Every week a 
piece of sod was given them. By this ar¬ 
rangement no lighting, eating eggs, or abuse 
of the offspring was known, and the first 
year their number Increased to twenty- 
three. In the second year cedar trees, plant¬ 
ed in tubs, wen* introduced, to build their 
nests among the boughs; but the structures 
proved too heavy, and half of the young 
ones perished by falling out of the shallow 
nest. This season only doubled their num¬ 
ber. In the third year, after selling and 
giving away fuUy One-hair, removing the 
cedars and relying only on the cocoa shells 
for nests, they increased to ninety-six and 
represented all the color? of tlu- canary. 
They were so tame as to light on the chil¬ 
dren and eat out of their hands, and such 
singing as they made! A. K. 
Tullahoma, Tenn. 
- ♦»» 
Crows and Men.— Beecher says it is no 
wonder men despise crows, for they arc 
ranch like men. Give men wings and re¬ 
duce their smartness a little, and many of 
them would make very good crows, which, 
explained, means that the very traits which 
mm despise iu crows, they themselves 
possess. 
flic Siuhte-iicnL 
THE BEST HOGS FOR TEXAS. 
We are trying to improve our stock of 
hogs in this section of the country, and if 
you could see our Texas bogs you would 
think there was a wide margin for improve¬ 
ment. We think the black hog will do best 
iu this climate, on account of being less 
likely to get the mango. We are constant 
readers of the Rural New-Yorker, but 
we have not sepn anything in it that gives 
us the desired information. Of the Chester 
Whites. Berkshires, Essex, Neapolitan, Po- 
land-China, &e., which will return the great¬ 
est amount of meat from the same amount 
of corn? Which is least likely to get the 
mango? If we could be satisfied upon these 
two pointH we would know what breed of 
hogs would be best for this climate. By 
giving us information in regard to these 
items, you will greatly oblige many readers 
of tho Rural. m. m. a. 
Gonzales, Texas. 
We invite swine-herds having practical 
experience to furnish the information de¬ 
sired by our correspondent. 
Iowa PigH.—I notice that several per¬ 
sons have given you the weights of pigs 
either raised by themselves or by their 
uoighbors, and, following their example, I 
send you the following: — William Orr, 
Harris Grove, Harrison Co., purchased 
from B. Cox of the same vicinity fifteen 
pigs, tho net weight of which was 8,025 
pounds, or an average weight of 575 pounds 
to the pig. These pigs were three-l'ourths 
CbeBter White breed. The pigs were nearly 
eighteen months old. I call them pigs be¬ 
cause “Walks and Talks on the Farm," in 
the American Agriculturist, says it takes 
“ twenty-four months ” for a Chester White 
pig to mature — f. c., become a hog. IIow is 
that for Chester Whites ? —Lysander W. 
Babbitt. _ 
Black Teeth in Pigs.— A correspond¬ 
ent of the Kansas Farmer has pigs which 
partially chew their food and have black 
teeth. lie proposes pulling them, where¬ 
upon the editor replies; — “Pulling the 
teeth will do no good. Bleeding in the third 
bar of the mouth is often resorted to, and 
sometimes gives temporary relief. A better 
treatment is, to give occasionally ashes, 
charcoal und sulphur, say once or twice a 
week, iu boiled food." But, brother An¬ 
thony, we know that pulling the teeth Will 
do good. We have tried it repeatedly as 
have scores of intelligent swine-herds. We 
know some people don’t think so, but we 
can’t help It. 
NOTES FOR H0R8EMEN. 
Blabbers in llornes.—G. W. advises a 
correspondent of the Rural New-York¬ 
er who has a slabbering mare to give her 
chestnut, leaves. He presumes the bark 
would do as well, still he has never tried it. 
Horne Chewing Leather.—Will some 
one inform me, through the Rural New- 
Yorker, what will prevent a horse from 
chewing leather? My horse will chew his 
hitching strap.— m. w. m. 
Quarter Crack,— I saw in the Rural 
New- Yorker of Nov. 25, page 331, that one 
of your readers has a horse with a quarter 
crack in each fore foot. I had a mare with 
the same some months ago. and besides 
.keeping it clean and applying the tiucture 
of myrrh, 1 took a jnece of a grain bag and 
made a bag large enough to cover her foot, 
filling it first partly full of fresh cow ma¬ 
nure and put ting iter foot into it ever)'even¬ 
ing. In the morning T took it out, cleansed 
the foot aud applied a pledget of tow satu¬ 
rated in tincture of myrrh. The mare's foot 
is to-day as sound as ever. The tincture of 
myrrh, in my case, without the poultice, 
did, apparently, no good.— J. Spice. 
How Homeopathy Cures Curbs.—A 
flue bred and favorite Hambletonian colt 
which I am raising developed, some months 
ago, a curb of such size as seriously to lame 
him. Having exhausted effort to reduce it 
by hand-rubbing, blistering, rest upon a 
high heeled shoe, &c., without avail, 1 tried 
Lycopodium as recommended by the Homce- 
pathists when a curb assumes the character 
of a hard, bony protuberance. At the end of 
two weeks administration of five drops daily 
of the tincture, improvement began to mani¬ 
fest itself by softening of the swelling, and 
in a few days more the animal was as well 
and sound as ever, and as capable of rapid 
motion over a hard road.— j. w. s. 
