MOOBE’S bubal new-yorker 
APRIL 2? 
Bairn lusbandvffi. 
MILK AERATION, 
I woin.u like your advice in regard to 
using a cold water and ice milk-cooler, or 
an aerator and Cooler, by means of blowing 
cold air through it. A friend uses a milk- 
cooler made of two half cylindrical vessels, 
]vi iik on their sides, made of zinc, ho ar¬ 
ranged that the milk is between two sur¬ 
faces of zinc, an inch thick. With ice-water 
on each side of it. I do not remember the 
maker of It. My friend recommends it. 1 
kept, twenty cows last year; cooled my in ilk 
in narrow pails; found it slow, and am de¬ 
sirous of improving the process, and am 
sure that you ntu t«Il uie wbat cooler louwe. 
Wayne Co., N. Y. A. J. Kick. 
That milk, warm from the cow, is im¬ 
proved by having its particles exposed to 
the air, is now very generally admit I ed. 'V e 
were the first t<> insist upon this principle, 
which was for a time questioned by dairy¬ 
men, and the opposite taught, or attempted 
to be taught, by several distinguished 
speakers at the American Dairymen's Con¬ 
vention of 1869. Investigation and experi¬ 
ment have confirmed the principle an¬ 
nounced by us years ago, that aerat ion in 
cooling tin mdk is an important element. in 
securing goad Savor and keeping qualities 
and nearly all the late coolers try in some 
way to have tlm milk more or loss aerated. 
One of the recent inventions for this pur¬ 
pose consists of bellows and pipe, for foicing 
air into the milk after it is deposited in the 
can. There is an arrangement, by which 
pounded ice may be used in u box, through 
which t he air must pass before It enters the 
bellows, thereby reducing it to a lower tem¬ 
perature t han the surrounding atmosphere, 
as it is pumped into the milk. A pipe loads 
from the bellows to the bottom of the can, 
and through ( his pipe ( ho air is forced, and 
thus is constantly passing through the milk 
while the machine is in operation. 
In regard to t he effect produced by forc¬ 
ing air through the milk as above described 
Dr. L, L. Winin', a factory man of long ex¬ 
perience and deservedly high reputation, 
states, in his address at the Dairymen s 
Convention of 1872, ns follows:—“1 have 
lately found that the. forcing of atmospheric 
air into and through milk, thoroughly, lias 
a wonderful purifying uud preservative in¬ 
fluence. Should every dairyman, besides 
thoroughly taking all (he usual precautions 
which every one- advocates, aerate his milk 
well before taking it to the factory, it would 
increase both the quantity and quality of 
his choose, at least onc-tenlh, during the 
warm weather, and thus add onc-iiftb to 
his income. Were all the patrons sending 
milk to a factory to conform rigidly to these 
rules, a forty cow dairy thus conducted 
would produce as largo an income ns that 
of u fifty cow dairy managed as they ordi¬ 
narily are. This, at an average allowance 
of forty dollars per cow, increases his in¬ 
come four hundred dollars during the sea¬ 
son.” 
This statement we presume Dr. Wight 
is prepared to substantiate from his experi¬ 
ments, us he i» a gentleman who is notin 
the habit of making statements which he is 
not well able to back up with proof. 
The question of aerating milk we doom an 
important one, and the machines invented 
for the purpose appear simple and are 
cheap. Very likely they may be improved, 
but we can assure our correspondent t hat 
the principle of aeration of ihilk, both by 
forcing air through it in tho way described, 
and by the. use of the Arnold ventilator at¬ 
tached to the carrying can is well founded 
and may be relied upon as advantageous. 
As to t he various coolers before the pub¬ 
lic several can be recommended, but their 
merits wo presume can bo found described 
in our advertising columns. 
—-- -— 
AMERICAN DAIS ¥ MEN’S ASSOCIATION 
REPORT. 
or manipulation of milk without know¬ 
ing the reason; and this faculty has been of 
late so educated and developed in regard to 
the specialty under consideration that false 
theories are pretty readily det ected. For this 
improvement in dairy manipulation we owe 
much to the various dairy organizations 
throughout the country, and especially to 
the American, tho parent organization— 
which from its discussions and reports has 
occupied a prominent position as an edu¬ 
cator in this branch of dairy economy. 
Perhaps the most marked step taken to¬ 
ward progress for any single year is that 
embodied in the last report of the Associa¬ 
tion recently Issued by Mr. \\ EKKS, the 
Secretary. The loading addresses before 
the Association at its late meeting were 
made by Prof, ('ai.uwuu, on “The Prac¬ 
tical Value of Chemical Analysis of the 
Dairymen's Raw Materials and the Pro¬ 
ducts of his Manufactureby X. A. Wil¬ 
lard, on “The Manufacture of Condensed 
Milk;” by L. B. Arnold, on “Poison 
Cheese,” and by If. Coomov OttEEN, on 
“ Butter Manufacture." All these addresses 
aro illustrated by cuts, which give a much 
clearer view of the subject matter discussed 
than a ny printed description in mere words. 
The Secretary seems to have performed 
his duties in an able and satisfactory man¬ 
ner. arranging the material at his command 
so as to give a very full and clear idea of the 
various topics under discussion at tho late 
meeting. 
If there is any fault in the report, it is in 
the lack of statistics from the cheese and 
butter factories showing their operations 
during the year. From the condensed re¬ 
ports of 81 cheese factories, it appears that 
9 85-100 pounds of milk were required to 
make one pound of cheese, and the average 
price at which tile cheese Bold was 11 73-100c. 
per pound. From this it will be Been that 
dairymen receive, on an average, after pay¬ 
ing the cost of manufacture and furnishing, 
about 9%c. per pound for their cheese. 
From the eight reports of blitter facto¬ 
ries, a trifle over 23 pounds of milk were re¬ 
quired for a pound of butter, and the aver¬ 
age price received per pound was 30 29-100o. 
of bees and combs.” Added, Mr. Bald¬ 
ridge calls attention to the fact that a 
genuine Langstroth hive is described. I 
would invite Mr. Burch's particular atten¬ 
tion to paragraphs 3 and 4 above, as they 
may enable him to exercise at least a grain 
of common sense about jumping too hastily 
to conclusions, and practice what he preach¬ 
es about keeping within the bounds of truth 
and propriety. 
5th. I did not say the hive described was 
claimed by him to be the best one in use, as 
he will find by again reading my article. 
Of course Mr. BuitCH is entitled to his own 
opinions and preferences, and I have no ob¬ 
jection to his using a Joi/r-story hive with 
cupola on top. But when lie comes before 
the public with the description of a Live in 
use years ago, 1 claim the right to express 
my opinion upon it. In conclusion I would 
say to the reader (and especially to our cor¬ 
respondents) having read the articles on 
both sides bearing on this subject, cm mine 
for yourselves, instead of troubling either 
of us with questions as to the truthfulness 
of our assertions. J. E. Moore. 
Rochester, Pa., April 5th, 1873. 
- ♦♦♦ -- 
ARTIFICIAL SWARMING. 
isThc iJoulti’D-ilard. 
ic Bpuuian. 
Tue progress in knowledge respecting 
the dairy, during the last twelve years, has 
been most remarkable. Twelve years ago 
t he dai rymen of the country knew but little, 
comparatively, in regard to tho nature of 
miik ami tlm causes affecting Its bealthful- 
ness or condition for manufacture, into the 
best product. The whole dairy business, 
then, may bo said to have been conducted 
after an arbitrary set of rules, and with 
little regard as to whether they were found¬ 
ed upon correct principles or not. Tho 
consequence, as might be. expected, was 
that the dairy products of the country, and 
indeed of individual dairies, were not uni¬ 
form, and the reason for faulty cheese or 
butter remained often a mystery to the 
manufacturer. Wp bare a different state 
of things now. Manufacturers are not sat¬ 
isfied to adopt any system o£ manufacture 
“BEE HIVES." 
In reply to Mr. Burch’s article LrTtuttAL 
New-Yorker of April 6th, I will submit 
the following facts: 1st. The quotat ion re¬ 
ferred to was taken just as found in his 
article which reads. “ Wo have neither test¬ 
ed,” Ac., and commented upon, according 
to the meaning therm expressed. Now we 
arc informed of a typographical error, 
which, corrected, puts altogether a different- 
meaning to the quotation, and friend 
Burch must give me credit for the correc¬ 
tion. 
2d In his article of Feb. 10th, no refer¬ 
ence is made to any other hive than the 
one described; but by referring back to his 
article of Dec. 16th, T flnrl he speaks of a 
new hive which has not been thoroughly 
tested and which lie believes will be Hie 
very best, Ac., so that I shall look forward 
with “great expectations” for a descrip¬ 
tion of the original, or hive of his own in¬ 
vention, as he says in bis last article lie has 
one. Quay — Whose invention is the one 
described bee. 16th > 
3d. 1 said we had the “double story” 
Langs troth hive in use some twelve or fif¬ 
teen years ago, and by referring back find 
it was in the spring of '00 or 61. If this is 
not satisfactory i can give him the names of 
two or more witnesses, who will b<* quali¬ 
fied as to the truth of the statement. But 
as a clincher, and to show Mr. Burch tbut 
the “double story” Laugstroth hive was in 
use as long as thirteen years ago, I would 
refer him to Langstrotii ou the “Hive and 
Honey Bee,” published in 1859, on page 379, 
following a description of hive, he will find 
these concluding remarks: — “Two such 
hives, having one cover, and placed one on 
the toy of the other , the upper one being 
designed to receive surplus honey, either in 
boxes placed over the holes iu the bottom 
board, or ou frames.” 
4th. T repeat it, and challenge iiis proof to 
the contrary, that his description given, is 
that of a Laugstroth hive, and my assertion 
is corroborated by Mr. Baldridge, who, 
referring to Burch’s description, writes the 
following ill Ritual of Jan. 13th“ A hive 
made according to those directions would 
be a damage to the beginner. It would not 
harm the expert, for he would, or should, 
know how to make a better hive. A better 
hive does not necessarily mean a more ex¬ 
pensive one, hut. one that would work bet¬ 
ter, and give better satisfaction when full 
For several reasons, to increase the num¬ 
ber of colonies, tt is best and safest to resort 
to artificial swarming; in tills I am sustain¬ 
ed by scientific and experienced apiarians. 
It is ho simple in its execution, that, any per¬ 
son of the least knowledge of bees can safely 
practice it. My process is this:—After 
placing the hive upon the summer stand, 
in March, they are fed more or less, as may 
be necessary, feeding near sundown, and 
especially in stormy weather. As soon as 
flowers become plenty, or near the last of 
April, the hive being tilled with bees and 
with brood ready to hatch, place an empty 
section just like t he one in which they were 
wintered, under the full one, and they will 
at once commence making comb and honey 
in the lower section, and brood will also 
be placed in the new comb, as it is the 
queen’s almost uniform habit to go down 
for that purpose. 
In from ten to twenty days, according to 
the weather, when the frames are half or 
two-thirds lilh d, in the lower section, then 
proceed to divide your swarm. To do this, 
put dried corn husks into a fumigator, set 
them on fire and blow the smoke Into the 
entrance of tho hive; after waiting a few 
minutes for the bees to 1111 themselves, re¬ 
move tho upper or old part, twelve or fif¬ 
teen feet, placing it upon a new bottom- 
board, and placing another cover upon the 
part left. If this is done in the middle of 
the day, the returning bees will enter the 
new part and make a strong swarm at once. 
Both parts arc now ready t o have the 
| boxes placed upon them, if box honey is 
desired, or a section with empty frames, 
for the mel-extraolor* which should be 
taken away as fast as they are filled. By 
this process i never lose a swarm by their 
going off. I also obtain now swarms from 
two to four weeks earlier than by the old 
way, and no time, is wasted in waiting and 
watching for fear they will come out and go 
off, while one is at church or in the hay 
field, as the hoes are swarmed and hived be¬ 
fore they are hatched. M - C. 
WHAT AILS THE CHICKENS 1 
The people throughout this part of the 
county have had serious losses by diseases 
in their poultry. Within a radius of a few 
miles, in a thickly settled district, they 
have died by hundreds. The disease ap¬ 
pears to be very contagious, and undoubt¬ 
edly spreads through the air, as every poul¬ 
try-yard has its victims and no remedy has 
yet been found. The chickens do not last 
over two or three duys after first attacked ; 
and frequently they appear well in the 
evening and in tho morning they are dead 
under their perch. Those that, droop a few 
days stand around with the head and neck 
drawn back against the body. They eat but 
little food. The head and face become quite 
pale, and the droppings look like a yellow¬ 
ish-green matter. Scarcely one out of fifty 
recovers. All kinds of remedies have been 
tried, such as alum, soot, asafoetlda, pepper, 
etc., but its of no avail. The disease still 
continues. Can you tell what is the matter 
and given remedy?—C. E. S., Chester Co., 
Penn. 
BEE NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Ants About Bee Hives. — A corre¬ 
spondent inquires “ it ants do any damage 
to bees, and what is an effectual remedy 
against them? We do not think ants will 
do any great damage to bees, if stocks are in 
good condition. A colony almost totally 
depopulated might be overrun with them 
and destroyed, or a community of ants 
might locate under or even iu the top of a 
hive, not bo much for the purpose of de¬ 
stroying the bees as for securing comfort¬ 
able quarters. They would, no doubt, be¬ 
come very troublesome to the bees, and 
destroy numbers. In such instances the 
communities should be broken up and de- 
stroved, or stocks may be removed toother 
stands, by moving a little each day. Large 
numbers of ants are often caught in a sponge 
which has been welL saturated in thin sirup, 
then by dipping the sponge iu boiling water 
they are destroyed .—Canada Partner. 
Bee Hunches.— The foothills from San 
Bernardino, around the base of the moun¬ 
tain range toSaii Fernando and beyond,are 
lined with bee ranches. The honey pro¬ 
duced iu that region is said to be whiter, 
clearer and of a finer flavor than any other 
brought to this market, and commands a 
higher price. _ 
Bees in Marcellus, N. Y.—Bees have 
wintered very well here, exept in a few in¬ 
stances, where the queens died and the col¬ 
ony dwindled away till they left only a tea¬ 
cup full of dead bees iu the hives, and a 
plenty of honey. I suppose they over- 
swarmed last summer.—A. Wilson. 
What ails my chickens? Can any of the 
readers of your valuable paper tell me what 
is the matter with them, anil what will cure 
them? Last fall, in October, they died 
very rapidly, some ten or twelve per day. 
Their droppings were thin and frequent, of 
a greenish-yellow color; tho liver and gall 
enlarged and of a greenish-dark color. They 
sit drooping about from three to live days, 
then die. I lost about one hundred and 
fifty chickens—all I had, except ten. Two 
of them had the disease and got well. 1 
lost twenty turkeys, with the same symp¬ 
toms. This spring I bought hens, cleaned 
out my ben-house well, cleaned all my 
watering troughs (1 use Iron vessels fur 
troughs), UBed carbolic acid in their water, 
sulphur and cayenne pepper in their feed, 
and yet t wo of them have died this spring 
with the same disease. One of them was 
of the old stock and the other was one that 
J bought this spring. Any information in 
regard to the disease, or cure for it, will be 
thankfully received. — Cuius, (.'rawford, 
Sedalia, Mo, 
POULTRY NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Remedy for Diseased Fowls,—It. the 
Rural New-Yorker of March 30th, I no¬ 
ticed an article headed “ Diseased Fowls. 
From the symptoms given, T am Bure I've 
had the same disease among my game fowls; 
but 1 am pleased to stale from the use of 
l he following remedy I’ve never failed, iu a 
single Instance, to cure. The first, t liing is to 
open the affected parts With a sharp knife, 
and cleanse thoroughly with warm Castile 
soapsuds. After the above lias been ac¬ 
complished. make the following solution; 
Carbolic acid, twenty-five drops; water, 
one ounce; mix; shako well, and apply 
either with a feather or a camel’s hair pen¬ 
cil. Give a teaspoonful castor oil, and con¬ 
fine the fowl or fowls to comfortable quar¬ 
ters and feed moderately. The above must 
be repeated twice or t hree times a week, or 
as often as the case may require. It seldom 
requires more than two applications.— J. C. 
Cook, Jr., Columbus, On. 
Fowl Treatment.—Mr. Geo. H. War¬ 
ner of N. Y. Mills says:—“ I have come to 
the conclusion that all diseases of fowls may 
hi treated with as good success as any way 
with the same remedies that would be given 
to persons with a similar disease, in the pro¬ 
portions of 1-6 to 1-8 at a time. The best of 
care, cleanliness, pure air, &o., are essential 
requisites. My fowls have never done as 
well as they have this winter. 
Another contributor has used Homeo¬ 
pathic remedies with excellent succes in 
curing the diseases of fowls and we shall 
look with interest to the final result, as he 
thinks he can master the roup. 
Peacock’s Feathers.—The best time for 
pulling out the feathers of the peacock is 
when he begins to drop them, which gener¬ 
ally happens in July; never luter than 
August. We used to pull out one to see if 
it was ripe. If it was soft and bloody at 
tho end we let him alone; if hard and dry, 
all right. Ouc person would hold him by 
the legs and another weald pluck out the 
feathers carefully, one by one.—C. H. C., 
Sycamore I'illa. 
Hogs' Hair is recommended by a farmer 
for hens’ nests, because cattle will not dis- 
1 urb the nest, since they dislike the smell 
of swine, and because hens sitting on such 
nests will not become infested with lice. 
The last reason is the best—cattle ought not 
to have access to hens' nests. 
