SWAY 38 
MOOSE’S RUSAL WEW-YOBKEB, 
32 S 
Sizes of glass in the principal rooms of first 
story 2 feet 8 inches by 6)4 feet, in the kitch¬ 
en 2 feet 8 inches by 0 feet, and in the sec¬ 
ond story 2 foot G inches by 5feet; 4 of these 
last, under the veranda roofs, are half of 
the size given. For exterior finish the win¬ 
dows should have a sill 2)4 inches thick, 
casings G l 4 inches wide, with coved band 
1)4 by 3>£ inches, and corbels under t he sill. 
Two entrance doors, one at each side of 
the hall, besides the kitchen door and 10 
passage and closet doors, are necessary. 
Sizes, according to position, 3 by 7 feet, 2 
feet 10 inches by 0 feet 10 inches, und 2 feet 
8 inches by 0 feet 8 inches. The external 
walls should be lined up with bricks, or 
with lath and plaster furred off at least t 
inch from the wall sheathing. Sometimes 
"When bricks are used they are set Hush 
with the inner side of the studding of the 
walls. The framing should form three sys¬ 
tems, that inclosing the two central rooni3 
being the first, and those of the parlor and 
kitchen making the other two. In this yray 
some of the central partitions will be set in 
raising the frame, but in addition to these, 
40 studs 10 feet loMg will be required in the 
first story, and 50 studs 0 feet long in the 
second story; to be 2 by 4 inches. 
Of plastering, 150 yards are required for 
the cellar ceiling, and GO yards for the rest 
of the house. For the cellar one coat is suf¬ 
ficient, the chief use served by it being to 
protect the upper part of the house from 
dampness. For the occupied part of the 
house, however, the beat plastering, usually 
three coats, is the most satisfactory, and In 
the long run apt to prove the cheapest. The 
principal stairs should be finished with 
bard wood newels, rail, and balusters. The 
inside finish would require about 1,800 foot, 
board measure, of material, mostly 1 inch 
thick. Kitchen and pantry to be sheathed 
up about 3 feet from the fioor, and the 
pantry to have a cupboard on one side, with 
four shelves all around. The estimate for 
inside finish allows 30 feet to each window, 
and 30 feet to each door. 
The material#named in this specification, 
estimated at New York prices, foot up in 
the sum of $3,715. To this are to be added 
the carpenter’s work, painting and extra 
hardware and plumbing. 
-- 
NOTES FOE BUILDERS. 
Wooden Nails.—In those days of mil¬ 
lions of iron, copper, and zino nails, tacks, 
and brads, of lightning, self-feeding, and 
almost automatic nail machines, it is won¬ 
derful to find wooden nails coining into use 
Wooden pegs made by the same machines 
as shoe pegs, are now largely used for fast¬ 
ening boxes, and manufacturer* receive 
large orders from the West, for Inch pegs 
for this purpose. In China, Japan, and 
Hindustan, pegs of bamboo have been al¬ 
ways used in fastening tea chests and wood¬ 
en packages. Tim idea of using wooden 
nails seems to us a good one. The treenails 
used in ship building are an example of the 
value of such wooden nails. The rusting ot 
nails exerts a very destructive action on 
timber, and this will be avoided by the use 
of wooden pins. Moreover, it is almost, cer¬ 
tain that before many years pass away, 
wood will beoome so valuable that it will 
not pay to use the material of packing box¬ 
es for firewood, as is at present dune Now, 
so long as iron nails are used, it becomes a 
difficult matter, undone involving the rapid 
destruction of tools, to use old lumber. The 
use of wooden nails will obviate this diffi¬ 
culty.— ScLcntlJlc A mcrlean. 
Form of Roof*.—The American Builder 
says Perhaps no part of the builder’s 
work requires more study than the roof 
form. To utilize the largest amount of 
space, and at the same time secure a certain 
piquancy of effect with the least outlay, is 
not an easy task, however easy it may seem 
to those uninitiated ill the mysteries of 
building. Too great care cannot be used in 
choosing tho proper, number and variety 
of angles which so help to break monotony, 
and secure graceful contour. No where a re 
these salient points seen to so great advan¬ 
tage as in the country, where the reaches of 
distance may be rendered the more pictur¬ 
esque by certain styles of building.” 
Stanchions for Fastening Cattle.—I 
Bee some of your correspondents do not like 
the stanchion for fastening cattle. I built 
a cattle barn last fall and received the en¬ 
gravings of stanchions in the Rukai. New- 
Yokkek just in time to adopt them. I put 
in the one Logan described in your issue of 
August 19tli, and am well pleased. The 
cattle rest apparently as easy iu them, 
either standing or lying, as though they 
were free, and are perfectly contented. 
That alone will pay me for the Rural for 
several years.—C. F. Man is. 
vdlu' Herdsman. 
FEEDING STOCK IN MAINE. 
The winter session of the Maine Board of 
Agriculture was held this year in the town 
of Paris. The State Buffered last summer 
from a plague of grasshoppers more severe¬ 
ly than ever before; they have done more 
damage in Utah in timos past; but noState 
east of the Ttocky Mountains has ever suf¬ 
fered so severe a calamity. This \ isilation 
has naturally turned the attention of farm¬ 
ers to the study of the cheapest method of 
feeding cattle. Great numbers of them are 
weighing accurately every mouthful of food 
that is eaten by their cattle, and keeping a 
record of each day’s feeding. When the 
winter is over they will be able to give re¬ 
sults that may be relied on, and which will 
enlarge the area of agricultural knowledge 
iu a very considerable degree. 
Browsing is resorted to, to a considerable 
extent. Fish ar® also fed to the cattle. 
After a little while they become very fond 
of them, and this strange food seems to 
answer very well for them. There was a 
great deal of very interesting matter com¬ 
municated to the board, which will proba¬ 
bly be published in due season in t he annual 
report of the board; in the moan time 1 se¬ 
lect a few Items in advance for the reader# 
of the Rural New-Yorker. 
Mr. Thayer finds that twenty pounds of 
well cured hay will, divided into three equal 
portions, keep a cow iu good condition for 
34 hours. When t ho cow is fed on ten lbs. 
of hay aud five lbs. of meal, she will keep 
in the same condition as when fed on twen¬ 
ty pounds of hay. According to his exper¬ 
iments twenty bushels of corn are equiv¬ 
alent to a ton of hay. It is to be understood 
that tlie hay referred to is cut when in blos¬ 
som aud cured without exposure to dew or 
rain. 
Mr. Lawrence has kept a colt a year old 
in a constantly growing condition on one 
quart of oats and four pounds of lay per 
day; the ration is divided into three equal 
parts und one part is fed at early morning, 
noon, aud just before dark. This i3 the 
smallest rat ion that I have over known for 
a colt. When the hay is Timothy, he cut# 
it, when it is of red top {A <jrask:8 vulgaris) 
he foods it without cutting. In all cases lie 
wets his hay and oats with wan watt i He 
feeds his cows on ten lbs. of hay four- 
quarts of corn meal, wetting both with 
warm water before feeding. These experi¬ 
ments are interesting and instructive be¬ 
cause there is no guess work about them; 
every' particle of food given to the animals 
since they left the pasture lias been accu¬ 
rately weighed and the weights carefully 
recorded. m. 
-- 
SPAYING COWS, 
L. B. Arnold, in a late Country Gentle¬ 
man, thus describes the process- — “The 
operation of spaying cows is quickly and 
easily performed, and without much injury 
to the cows, but it requires, an export to 
perform it. The cow to be operated upon 
is placed in a stanchion, with her right side 
next to the side of the barn, or against 
something that will keep her from turning 
around that way. An assistant stands on 
her left side, find with his hand against her 
hip holds her toiler place. This is all the 
fastening required. The operator, after 
lubricating his arm, inserts his hand into 
the vagina, carrying a short bladed knife. 
The ovaries to be removed being on the out¬ 
side of the uterus and near t he point of con¬ 
nection with the vagina, the operator moves 
his hand carefully to the proper point, and 
cuts a slit in the upper side of the uterus 
large enough to insert his fingers, so that 
ho can put them through, grasp one of the 
ovaries and pull it inside. Then, witli a 
pair of pincers (long enough to reach in and 
grasp the ovary and one end still nv 
main outside), the ovary is firmly clasped 
close up to the uterus, sons to be sure to 
hold the whole of it, and the pinSors fast¬ 
ened. With the hand outside the piuccrs 
are turned, and the ovary twisted off. in 
the same way the other is twisted off, and 
the work is done. The cutting requires to 
be done with caul ion, as the rectum lies on 
the uterus at the place, of cutting, and a lit¬ 
tle inaccuracy might cut through it and 
produce death. The operator, too, must 
make himself acquainted with the exact lo¬ 
cation of the ovaries, to enable him to make 
t he incision at the right place. The opera¬ 
tion requires from ten to fifteen minutes to 
the cow. It seems not to be very painful, 
and they get over it iu about a week. It is 
much less severe than cutting through the 
side, but I do not think it is quite as sure to 
be perfectly effectual. The operations for 
me were performed by Prof. Law of Cornell 
University.” 
-MA- 
WHY ANIMALS NEED SALT. 
Prof. James H. Johnson of Scotland, 
says that half the saline matter of the blood 
(75 per cent.) consists of common salt, and 
us this is partly dissolved every day through 
the skin and kidneys, t he necessity of con¬ 
tinued supplies of it to the healthy body is 
sufficiently obvious. The bile also contains 
soda (one of the ingredients of salt) as a 
special and indispensable constituent, aud 
so do all the cartilages of the body. Stint 
the supply of salt, and neither will the bile 
be able properly to assist digestion, nor the 
cartilages to be built up again as fast as 
they naturally waste. It is better to place 
salt where the stock can have free access to 
it than to givo it occasionally in small quan¬ 
tities. They will help themselves to what 
they need, if allowed to do SO at pleasure, 
otherwise when they become salt hungry, 
they may take more than is wholesome. 
-*-*-♦- 
NOTES FOR HERDSMEN. 
Does Smutty Corn Poison Cattle?— 
It. M. Bf.aveu, Marshall Co., Til., writosthe 
Western Rural:—“ I can answer that ques¬ 
tion understanding^, that it does—if they 
can get wliat Burnt they can eat It is not 
a common occurrence, and I think it is 
never fatal, except in largo and late varie¬ 
ties of corn. I am satisfied there is no cure 
after the effects are observable. Plenty of 
salt is a good preventive of bad results. 
Water only makes them eat the more. I 
have lost ten head out of uno hundred in 
one day. This occurred in corn that was 
brought from Kansas hern; it was large and 
late. J never had one to get up the second 
time, or live one hour after taken. A little 
at a time will do no harm.” 
Bconrs in Calves.—Will you give the 
best remedy for a calf that scours — dis¬ 
charges bloody; co/s and acts well, but 
grows thin in flesh; age 1 weeks; feed 
skimmed milk, occasionally sour. Have 
had calves troubled so when 3 months old. 
—M. A. Hull. 
Give two or three ounces of castor oil 
with flour gruel; or two ounces of salts, fol¬ 
lowed with draughts of oak-bark tea; or 
give pulverized catechu, opium aud Jamai¬ 
ca ginger, of each a-llaif ounce, and pre¬ 
pared chalk one ounce, mixed and divided 
into twelve powders. Give a powder t wice 
a day. Bran mashes, green food, flour grind, 
and plenty of salt should be given. 
Do Cattle Chow Grain ?— U. S. Peters, 
Otsego, N. Y., asks the Farmers’ Club this 
question—whether t hey chew it ns they do 
hay or grass, and whether it makes any dif¬ 
ference whether meal is fed before or after 
eating hay. To t his Mr. Crane responded. 
“Cattle do not chew grain as they do hay, 
therefore it is better to have it ground. I 
have seen this matter carefully tried, and 
particles of the barley and oats would pass 
through whole, thus showing that they were 
not chewed after having once passed from 
the mouth. 1 do not believe iu cooking 
food for cattle, but I know it is best to have 
it ground fine.” 
A Froftlc of Nature.— Alexander F 
Gould had a cow drop her calf about t he 
middle of March. She gave no milk, and 
lie concluded he was going to lose the use of 
her. About the 33d of A prik she dropped 
another calf. They were both full grown 
and smart. The first could not have been 
an abortion, because it would have affected 
the last as well as the first- She now gives 
a good mess of milk. The above came under 
my observation, as I reside with Mr. Gould. 
Has an}' one ever known an instance of the 
kind?—H. II. Leach, Pamedia Four Cor¬ 
ners, Jeff. Co., N. Y. 
To Take llie Swelling; Out of a Coav’s 
Bag. a correspondent of the New England 
Farmer recommends rubbing the bag well 
with skunk’s oil, once a day for two or three 
days. He adds:—“The oil of a fat skunk 
may save ten of your best cows, Avorth $50 
each.” It is also good to rub on the bag 
when hurt in summer. The editor says 
skunk’s oil is very soft aud penetrating— 
that it has long been considered one of t he 
best applications for scratches in horses and 
for any trouble ivith the skin of animals 
when it is chafed. 
Thorough-Bred vs. Full Blood.—C. C. 
B., Summit, Ind., is informed that “full 
blood ” and “ thorough-bred ” are synony¬ 
mous terms as applied to stock. 
To Cure Barn Itch on Cattle, two or 
three applications of fat salt pork are re¬ 
commended, 
Hygienic (Information, 
CURE FOR WHITLOWS. 
I haa t e seen various prescriptions for 
these most troublesome affections in your 
journal from time to time. I think I can 
give you a much better one—one xvhich is 
inexpensive and effectual for whitlows, or 
any kind of external inflammation. I was 
laid up with one eleven weeks, out of which 
came a bone five-eighths of an inch long; 
and unother, seA^en week#, which threw off 
another such bone. Tho pain Avas inde¬ 
scribable. It is now thirteen 3 ’ears since I 
have been in possession of my remedy, be¬ 
fore Avhloli I was scarcely a year without 
one or more. But since I have had it, I 
ha\'o never had one come to a head, though 
T have felt them in their iucipieucy several 
times, at which I have applied a plaster, 
which has invariably given speedy relief, 
which is as follows: 
Take a pint of salad or sweet oil, and half 
a pound of red lead in powder; boat them 
Aveli together; sot them over a slow fire 
and keep stirring. Let them simmer very 
gently till the composition is turned a light 
brown; then tako it from the fire and add 
two ounces of resin and two ounces of bees- 
ivax; keep stirring until they nro avcII 
mixed, and when nearly cold it can bo 
formed into rolls or other convenient form 
for use; it is to bo made into plasters as 
required. It will keep good any length of 
t ime. A plaster may remain on covcral 
days, mdessthrown off by the matter, which 
will never bo the case if applied in time. 
Be exact in the quantity of the articles, and 
particular in boiling; if boiled too long, it 
will turn to a very dark color and be nearly 
spoiled. Geo. Hawke. 
Macon, Mo. 
- 4 ~*~*- 
ARTESIAN WELLS A SOURCE OF DISEASE. 
We notice that the medical journals aro 
asserting that the artesian well system, es¬ 
pecially in tho Southern States, is opera¬ 
ting disastrously upon the sanitary con¬ 
dition of the people where it exists. Lo¬ 
calities that AA’cro not unhealthy prior to 
the flowing of these wells have become un¬ 
healthy, and malarial fevers prevail. This 
is attributed to the largo amount of moist¬ 
ure they bring to the surface, to Hie en¬ 
hanced decay of A'egctable matter in hot 
climates as a consequence, and to the de¬ 
posit from those mineral waters of deliques¬ 
cent oxides and salts which retain moist¬ 
ure. While we hear of these complaints in 
the Avarm climates, wo have heard and read 
of none in the more temperate latitudes— 
for instance in Illinois, tvliere there are nu¬ 
merous avcIIs discharging groat quantities 
of water. Do any of our Livingston Co., 
III., readers know of any facts goiug to es¬ 
tablish this objection to them there? 
HYGIENIC NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Tho Boat Hair Restorer. — Make a 
strong tea (say a pint each) of red sassafras 
und sage; pour them into a quart bottle, 
and saturate tho scalp thoroughly two or 
three times a day, using a stiff brush. The 
more you use the brush the better. If t he 
hair is harsh, put a spoonful of hickory nut 
oil (which can be obtained by pressing the 
kernels in a vice) into the bottle. I know 
the above is good, for I haA'o seen it tried on 
an old lady’s head Avhose hair had fallen off 
from tho effects of sick and nervous head- 
acdie, till she was entirely bald. In about 
three months a coat of hair as soft and line 
as an infant’s appeared. Please try it, and 
report success. “Time and Patience” is 
the motto. — R. Guthrie, Cavipbcllsbunj, 
Ind. _ 
Remedy for the Rheumatism of the 
boy twelve years old, avIio Avrote in Rural 
New-Yorker, April G. The following has 
invariably relieved me when attacked:—To 
one drachm of iodide of potash, add one 
pint of cold Avator, and tako a dessert 
spoonful of the solution three times a day. 
Bathe the parts affected with a strong de¬ 
coction of vinegar, saltpeter and red pep¬ 
pers, steeped together. It is better if ap¬ 
plied Avarm. If practicable, wrap the af¬ 
fected parts in a red flannel cloth saturated 
with the above.—N. Williams, Highland, 
N. Y. _ 
Bronchitis and Catarrh.—Mrs. L. Pee 
bles asks for a remedy for bronchitis and 
catarrh, she having been a sufferer for more 
than a year. 
RingAVorm Remedy. — Take one-half 
teaspoonful pulverized gunpowder, one-half 
as much lard; mix well together. Apply 
once—a sure remedy.—H. G. Adams. 
