gairir Hirihiulrii. 
SUNDAY CHEESE MAKING. 
A WAY OUT OF A GRIEVOUS BURTHEN. 
Sunday cheese making has been very 
justly termed “an abomination.” It is 
offensive to good morals and a stain which 
every Christian community must desire to 
see wiped out. The chore lies have from 
time to time appealed to the dairymen 111 
convention to close t he factories on Sunday, 
and take some means for doing away with 
what seems to Christians to he a heinous 
sin. These appeals have hitherto had but 
little force or iullnence, because the patrons 
of factories claim that no feasible plan has 
been presented to relieve them and the 
cheese makers from the difficulty. 
The cows must he milked on Sunday and 
the milk cannot be wasted or lost. The 
farmers argue that there is less evil in com¬ 
pelling a half dozen persons to labor at the 
factory on Sunday than to subject the 
families of a whole neighborhood to work 
on this day. They aro not provided with 
the necessary conveniences tor making but¬ 
ter or cheese at the farm, and they cannot 
afford to employ the requisite skill for 
manufacturing in the dairy for this seventh 
part of the time. An experienced dairy 
woman commands high wages, and if the 
Sunday’s milk canuot be managed at the 
factory, we may as well go back to farm 
dairying and close up our factories alto¬ 
gether. We admit, they soy, that it is hard 
upon the factory hands to bo tied down to 
work every day iu the week for six to nine 
months of the year, but we see no way out 
of the difficulty. We pay a large price for 
manufacturing, and the relief from Sunday 
work on the farm is one of the compensa¬ 
tions. We engage our factory hands with 
the full understanding that our Sunday 
milk is to be properly cared for by them. 
They are well paid for their labor, and it is 
useless to talk about, keeping the milk over 
at the farm on Sunday. If wo are forced 
into this measure, wo shall abandon the 
factories, and thU interest, iu consequence, 
must perish. 
We have discussed this matter with dairy¬ 
men in the old dairy dist ricts and find a 
very strong, aud we might Ray, almost uni¬ 
versal aversion against holding the Sun¬ 
day's milk at the farm for any purpose. 
All kinds of excuses aud arguments are 
used against it, and even though it may be 
clearly proved that a profit would result 
from turning the Sunday’s milk into butter, 
still farmers utterly refuse to adopt the 
system. If the cheese factories are to be 
relieved, some other plan than that com¬ 
monly proposed must be inaugurated. 
After looking over the matter in all its 
bearings, wo can at present see but one 
feasible way out of this abuse. Since the 
farmers insist upon hauling the Sunday's 
milk to the factory, that point must be 
yielded by the opponents of Sunday cheese 
making. But what shall be done with the 
milk after it arrives at the factory? We 
should advise that it be set for butter-mak¬ 
ing at the factory. It has been generally 
supposed that at cheese factories, a- now 
constructed, it would be impracticable to 
receive milk and keep it over a day for but¬ 
ter-making; that the expense-of erecting 
suitable apartments and fixtures for this 
purpose must preclude the idea of any such 
arrangement. We think this is not so. In¬ 
deed nearly every old factory, with an out¬ 
lay of a few hundred dollars, could have a 
suitable milk room where the Saturday 
night and Sunday morning’s milk may be 
received aud set aside to cream. A simple 
“ lean-to ” adjoining the present milk room 
and communicating with it by a door, would 
in many cases suffice. Then the internal 
fittings may consist in a set of the Jewett 
pans, or something similar; a simple ar¬ 
rangement being made to conduct the 
water provided at the factory so that it will 
have a constant flow under the pans. 
With the usual spring-water constantly 
flowlng under the pane, and with proper 
attention to cleanliness, the Saturday night’s 
milk will keep sweet until Monday morn¬ 
ing. The milk then being skimmed may be 
mingled with the whole milk of Sunday 
night or Monday morning, aud a fair quali¬ 
ty of cheese made therefrom. k 
Upon this plan it will be observed the fac¬ 
tory hands on Sunday will have no work to 
attend to except receiving the milk as it 
comes in, and nearly the whole day is se¬ 
cured as a time for rest. We believe this 
system is entirely practicable and is almost 
wholly free from objectionable features. It 
is true a little more work will bo required 
on Monday morning in skimming the milk 
and iu churning, and in making the cheese; 
but as this comes but once a week, and af- 
! ter a day of rest, it will not be objected to 
by the factory hands. Ttie making of but¬ 
ter one day at a factory will be of very 
great convenience to patrons who, under 
the present system, are often obliged to 
purchase their summer’s butter at high 
prices, and not unfrequeutly have much 
difficulty in obtaining their supply. 
In a pecuniary point the milk standing 
over on Sunday will be found to net better 
returns than for any other day of the week. 
We have now more than a thousand cheese 
factories in the State of New York alone. 
Say that the number of hands to a factory, 
on an average, is four, and we have four 
thousand workmen, who, under the present 
system, have no day for rest or recreation 
during the cheese-making season. Leaving 
the question of morals and religion entirely 
out of the argument, it must be admitted by 
all that one day of the week is needed by the 
cheese-makers for restoration of muscular 
and nervous force. The labor at factories, 
as now conducted, is vexatious, exhaustive, 
and very hard to be borne. The oheeso- 
makers have for years asked for relief, but 
could devise no way out of the trouble that 
would be satisfactory to patrons. 
We have always been opposed to Sunday 
cheese-making, and have, from time to time, 
suggested methods by which it. could be 
avoided, but there is no plan which so fully 
meets the views of farmers with whom we 
have consulted as that wo have now pro¬ 
posed. We have submitted the plan to a 
largo number of dairymen, and it meets 
their approval without an exception, and 
hence we call attention to it in this public 
manner. 
<§iarit of it J^uraM 
DAILY RURAL LIFE. 
FROM THE DIARY OF A GENTIEMAN NEAR HEW YORK CITY. 
Ornamental Leaf Plants. — Max/ 7, — 
I have been setting out bedding plants to 
form groups and borders, which, if the 
weather proves favorable, will make a splen¬ 
did show during the summer. Iu the center 
of one large oval-shaped bed tl»«r<* are some 
strong plants of KriitnihALS liarnnxr, a 
beautiful grass which grows ten or twelve 
feet. high. Surrounding this there are a few 
plants of the “ Striped - leaved Reed" 
(Arundo donax striata). The next row is 
entirely of strong tubers of Calndlum esc it-• 
lev turn, a plant with light green leaves 
three to four feet, long and about two broad. 
The third row is made up of various varie¬ 
ties of Geraniums, which will be kept down 
to about one foot or a little more in higlit. 
The fourth and last row is of Verbenas, as 
these answer well for a boarder. I have 
also planted other groups entirely of Co¬ 
leuses, and think, upon the whole, we ha ve 
few plants equal to them for decorating 
small gardens. They are easily propagated 
and grow luxuriantly iu any good soil, mak¬ 
ing a splendid show until killed by the frosts 
iu Autumn. 
Groups made up entirely of ornamental 
leaf plants make a grand ornament, but I 
like to mix iu a few with gay flowers, such 
as the Geraniums, Salvias, Verbenas, Lan- 
la iias and similar well known kinds, as the 
contrast, between their bright flowers and 
the tropical foliage of other plants is quite 
unique. Among rock work the Dracenas , 
variegated Yuccas, Begonias , Vincas, and 
a host of other beautiful species and varie¬ 
ties may be employed to work up a beauti¬ 
ful picture, such as is never seen elsewhere 
except in the garden. 
Ribbon gardening has been quite popular 
in England, but I think it will never make 
much headway in this country, as our cli¬ 
mate is rather severe on many of the varie¬ 
gated leaved plants, and unless each line in 
the ribbon is perfect the effect is anything 
but pleasing. Grouping, or massing, is to 
my notion the best system, and with these 
forms one can “ Come the Dolly Varden” 
sufficient to satisfy a pretty high style of 
decorative art. 
A Few Beautiful Shrubs .—May 8.— 
After the long, dreary Winter, our admira¬ 
tion of beautiful flowers become somewhat 
intensified, and we hail the early Spring 
flowers with delight. The earliest of the 
flowering shrubs may not be auy more beau¬ 
tiful than the later kind, but it is quite 
natural to study them more minutely, and 
thereby form a closer acquaintance with 
their merits. Among the most attractive 
of those in bloom at this time, I consider 
the following as indispensable :—Cercis Ja- 
ponica , or Japan Judas tree. The flowers 
are produced in such abundance that the 
branches are hidden from view. The color 
of the flowers is a rich bright crimson. 
This shrub is not so rapid a grower as a na¬ 
tive species, but it is far superior as an or¬ 
namental shrub or tree. Pyrus Japonica , 
such as the pink, scarlet or light crimson, 
double crimson, and other varieties, arc 
certainly among the most showy of early 
blooming shrubs. 
The Double Plum-leaved spineft iSpiraxt 
jrrunifoUa plena) is the most showy of the 
white varieties at this season. The pink 
and white Dwarf flowering Almonds are 
old favorites, only excelled by the newer 
double-flowering plum (Primus trilabata). 
But when one begins to specify and describe 
tbo individual merits of plants, ho is very 
likely to tell a long story; therefore, 1 will 
only name a few of the beautiful shrubs 
which are iu full bloom, and iu view from 
my library window:— Andromeda florU 
bxnulo, Ciissandria culyculata, Caragana, 
in variety; azaleas, hardy, early, Chinese 
sorts; Hawthorns in variety; Lilacs, many 
sorts; Rhododendrons, a few of t he very ear¬ 
liest foreign species and varieties; Double 
Chinese apple (Pyrus speetablis) ; Double 
Chinese cherry ( Exochordla grundlflora )— 
a grand shrub iu all its proportions; Vibur¬ 
num lanlanahlcs. 
The above may be considered as medium 
early, there being a few which bloom a few 
days earlier and are now out of flower. 
Shearing Evergreens. - May ». — A 
large pair of hedge shears is an excellent 
implement for shearing and shortening 
the small branches of evergreens, whether 
they are growing singly or in hedges. The 
past Winter lias scorched so many of our 
choice kinds that considerable shearing is 
necessary to remove the dead twigs and 
leaves. The dry weather which lias followed 
a dry, cold Winter, is rapidly annihilating 
the few plants which were alive at the 
opening of Spring. Wo have hud, iu this 
locality, but one good shower since the buds 
started, and all trees ami plants that have 
been moved are suffering terribly. 1 have 
kept the shearing process in constant use, 
but fear that the ax will have to bo applied 
to the roots of many line specimens, unless 
we soon have more favorable weather. My 
lawn is so badly burnt up with drouth that 
no shearing is required, consequently the 
lawn mowers are lying idle. The drouth is 
even more severe than last year, as it com¬ 
menced so early that we have had no chance 
to safely plant or transplant, 
Yama-Mai Silkworms .—May 11.—A 
few weeks since I received some eggs of the 
A ttacus Varna-mat, one of the Japan oak- 
lceding silkworms. I have kept the eggs in 
a cool cellar until three days ago when they 
were brought into my office, where they have 
already commenced hatching. Whether I 
shall succeed in rearing any of these worms 
is of course uncertain, but the experiment 
is worth trying, and i will report progress 
or failure from time to time. The intro¬ 
duced English sparrow has annihilated the 
much feared Ailantbus silkworm (AttacxiS 
[Samiul Cynthia, Ducky), and if is quite 
probable that they will do the same for any 
other that is reared in open air. These lit¬ 
tle pests, or friends, (It is doubtful which 
they will prove to be,) not only devour t he 
worms as soon as they emerge from the egg, 
but. also hunt the full-grown moths. A 
dozen sparrows chasing one moth is not an 
uncommon sight in our cities where these 
birds are numerous. 
gjtigicntc (Information. 
HOW TO PURIFY THE BLOOD. 
The stomach makes blood, and the lungs 
give life to the blood. If an individual has 
two gallons of blood iu bis body, aud the 
food taken into the stomach makes one pint 
of blood in twenty-four hours, in sixteen 
days he would have new blood. The human 
body, consisting of bones, muscles, sinews, 
blood-vessels, organs of reproduction, nu¬ 
trition, respiration, aud of thought, etc., is 
constructed, nourished and sustained in ac¬ 
cordance with certain laws common to or¬ 
ganized beings. It Is made up of the ele¬ 
ment^ that surround us, such as animals, 
vegetables, and water. These substances, 
taken into the stomach, undergo the pro¬ 
cess of digestion, and the chyle, ornutritive 
portion, enters into the composition of the 
blood, and by this means is brought in con¬ 
tact with all parts of the system. Our 
bodies are always undergoing change, con¬ 
stantly weaving and wasting away, aud con¬ 
stantly supplied and repaired by food, 
drink, and air; particles are displaced and 
thrown off, and new particles are deposited 
iu their places, so that, by this gradual but 
constant exchange of particles, it is e stimat¬ 
ed that the soft parts of our bodies become 
entirely changed in the space of about ono 
year, and our bones in seven years; hence, 
all the flesh of our bodies at the present 
time, will, in the course of one year, pass 
away, and, by the combination of new par¬ 
ticles, its place will be supplied; and in 
seven years a like change will take place in 
bones, giving us entire a different body 
from our present. 
The atmosphere is composed of 78 per 
cent, of nitrogen. Ill per cent, of oxygen, and 
nearly 1 per cent, of carbonic acid, in it 
there is always mixed more or less of vapor. 
When pure, this is the air we breathe: and 
we are so const ituted that we require a con¬ 
stant supply, or animal life Is suspended. 
The venous blood in the body, through the 
lungs, is exposed to the action of the air we 
breathe, by which it. is purified, and changed 
from a dark purple to a bright red color, 
when it again circulates through the system. 
In this action of the air upon the blood, 
about eight per cent, of the oxygen is ex- 
ehangod for nearly the same amout of car¬ 
bonic acid. The oxygen imported to the 
blood is a supporter of life, triiile the car¬ 
bonic acid thrown off in exchange is a dead¬ 
ly poison. 
It is estimated that an individual will 
breat he, on an average, one gallon of air in a 
minute; ami if air was bottled up and sold 
at. a certain price per breat h, people would 
be particular about its quality, and the 
amount obtained at each inspiration. Why 
not be equally as part icular when nat ure lias 
provided a bounteous and free supply, and 
attached tho reward of healt h to its proper 
use, and tho penalty of disease for neglect¬ 
ing to use it freely? 
There are many medicines advertised to 
euro nil diseases; and there are men trav¬ 
eling over our country who promise a cure 
for so much money; many that, are afflicted 
with chronic diseaso arc trying one medi¬ 
cine aud another, looking for a remedy—a 
secret something just discovered; not real¬ 
izing that they have a better remedy within 
their own means. If they would breathe 
pure air as (Jot) has given it to them, und if 
each individual would pay special attention 
to the regulation of his own diet, avoiding 
all extremes, either of excess or abstinence, 
no medicine would be needed. The infinite 
variety of vegetables aud animals with 
which we are blessed, is evidence tiiat Na¬ 
ture bus adapted them to the constitution 
aud wants of an infinite variety of persons, 
and that each one should select the kind 
that 1 b best adapted to his nature and liis 
wants, aud eat just the amount his system 
requires for nourishment, and not auy 
more, of such kind of food as the stomach 
can easily digest. This will make healthy 
blood, and it will require but little medi¬ 
cine to cure all or nearly every ono that is 
alHicled with chrouio disease. 
Rutland, Pa. D. 8. Roblyeil 
-♦♦♦- 
HYGIENIC NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Vegetable Spores in the Blood.—Prof. 
Richardson of Philadelphia, several years 
ago, in the coarse of his experiments to de¬ 
termine whether bacteria (vegetable spores) 
pass from the stomach into the blood, swal¬ 
lowed 4 ounces of water which contained, 
according to his estimate, 27JXXl,000,000 of 
these minute organisms. Iu half an hour 
he discovered them in abundance in a drop 
of blood taken from the end of his finger. 
To swallow at a single gulp twenty times as 
many vegetable spores as there are human 
inhabitants on the earth, is but a small ex¬ 
ploit for a modern scientist. 
Cancers Cured by Jersey Tea,— 
In the Rural New-Yorker of Feb. 24 you 
express doubts of the veracity of a corre¬ 
spondent who gives statement of cancer 
cured by “ Wild Tea.” I have, within tho 
last few mouths, heard of several cases of 
cancer cured by the use of the leaves of 
Ceanothus Americanos, commonly known 
as Jersey Tea. Red Root, etc. Perhaps this 
may have been the plant used by your cor¬ 
respondent aud not the Pipsisaway, as ap¬ 
pears to be understood by another corre¬ 
spondent.—C. W. Inoraham, Eustman- 
villc, Mich. 
Remedy for Nasal Catarrh. — Make a 
weak brine, and snuff up the nostrils, and 
let. it run down in the throat; also wet the 
head with the same. If persisted iu a suf¬ 
ficient length of time, it will effectually cure 
nasal catarrh. It is said by a physician 
that the various mixtures sold as “Catarrh 
Remedies," in many cases, are only salt dis¬ 
guised so as not to bo known. Wetting the 
head with salt and water will stop the hair 
falling out.—T. E. O., Millport, N. 1. 
Hygienic Inquiries.—M. E. S., Cum¬ 
berland, N. Y., asks for a cure for bunions. 
