SEPT. 28 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
1 ) A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED 
! BUBAL, LITKBABY AND FAMILY NKWSPAPKB. 
B. D. T. MOORB, 
Ocmclvtotin.* Editor and 3?i\b>li8lier. 
CHAS. D. BBAGDON, ANDREW 8. FULLER, 
Auioointe Editors. 
HENRY S. RANDALL, LL. D., Cortland Village, N. Y., 
Editor op twk Drpabtmiiiit Or 8 n««r Hpwikdm. 
X. A. WILLARD, A. M., Little Fails, N. Y., 
Editor of tr» Dipirtmukt op Dairy Hobbanurt. 
Col. S. D. HARRIS, Cleveland, Ohio, 
Corrmpohdimr Editor. 
PUBLICATION OFFICES! 
No. 6 Beekman Street, New York City, and No. 82 
Bufiklo Street, Rochester, N. Y. 
WESTERN BRANCH OFFICE! 
Ho. 75 North Side or Park, Cleveland, Ohio. 
TERMS, IN ADVANCE! 
Hubscrirtloti.-Single Copy, *2.10 per Year. To 
Clubs: — Five Copies, and one copy free lo AKeut or 
Better up of Club, for YI2.MI; Seven Copies anil one 
free, for flSj Ton Copies, nod one free. *20-only 12 
per copy. As we we obliged to pre-pay the A mertenn 
psutaga on papers mailed to foreign countries. Twenty 
Cents should be added to above rates for each yearly 
copy mailed to Canada, and One Dollar per copy to 
Europe. Drafts, Post-Office Money Orders nnd Regis¬ 
tered Letters may bo mailed at our risk. IK Liberal 
Premiums to ail Club Aleuts who do not take free 
ooples. Specimen Numbers, Show-Bills, Ac., sent free. 
ADVERTISING RATES. 
Inside, 11th nnd 15th panes (Agate spaee)..flOo. per line. 
“ 6th, 7th, and lit pages. .1.00 
Outside or last page. ..........l.oO 
Fifty per cent. oxtra for unusual display 
BneciiU Notlooa, leaded, ’ y count) 2.00 t 
Business “ »•{*{ „ 
UT No advertisement Inserted for less than |3. 
SATURDAY, SEPT. 28, 1872. 
NEW QUARTER TRIAL TRIP! 
A New Quarter of the Rural begins next 
week, Oct. 5, the Thirteen Numbers of which 
we will send, On Trial, for Only Fifty Cents. 
For Inducements to those forming clubs see last 
column of this page. 
. - — *»♦- - — 
FAIR GOING. - THE NEW JERSEY FAIR. 
We visited the Fair Grounds of the Now Jer¬ 
sey State Agricultural Society, ihe other day. 
It was a delightful day and the second one of 
the Fair; but the attendance was small until 
the middle of the afternoon and later, when 
the Newark citizens began to arrive In their 
carriages to see the horse tw>1. And I he l rotting 
seemed to be (be chief attraction to visitors, 
although there wore other objects to see and 
study. 
There was a meager show of agricultural im¬ 
plements and machinery—not one-fifth os large 
as we have seen at some County Fairs. In the 
manufacturers'hall were a few interesting ob¬ 
jects, with the usual displayof carriages, cham¬ 
ber and parlor furniture, sewing machines, etc. 
Butter, cheese, bread, canned and preserved 
fruits were scarce. 
The live stock department was somewhat 
more creditable. Poultry in variety, pigeons, 
lop-eared rabbits, etc., attracted the attention 
of a few curious beings. There were a few 
Short-Horn and Devon animals; a very good 
and more extensive displayof Alderney bulls 
and cows; a not extensive show ot pigs, a tew 
middle and long-wooled sheep, and no end of 
horses (chiefly trotting stock), which were care¬ 
fully locked in from view. But what a dearth 
of visitors there was about these animoJs, “my 
countrymen!" Cows, pigs, poultry and sheep 
seemed to have lost their attractions, aud the 
forlorn exhibitors rode their breeches pockets 
disconsolately, won do ,-lng “what an Agricul¬ 
tural Fair is for, any Off," 
Then there was a beautiful tent with a fair 
exhibition of fruits, plants, vegetables and 
grains— nothing extra, and not so thronged at 
any time we were in it that we could not have 
counted the noses of every person there with¬ 
out moving from our position. It was the horse 
trot they wanted to see; and it was assorted 
that the people were “ holding hack for to-mor¬ 
row, when Gen. Grant is to be here, and there 
is to be some lively trotting." 
Now it Is all glorious!—to get out into the 
sunlight, tread the beautiful grounds, see the 
people, watch the comical phases of human 
nature which are exhibited, and see the horses 
trotl The inquiry forced upon us is, “Do the 
people visit Agricultural Fairs to learn or to be 
amused? Do they want anything but recrea¬ 
tion and release from care?” The spirit of in- 
MOORE’S BUBAL NIW-YOBKEB. 
quiry seems wholly subordinate to what our 
friend Thurbkh. calls, “these Gospel horse 
trots” — which the good, orthodox people may 
visit and see the fun without being charged 
with having been seen at a race course! 
Do we feel bad about it? Arc we complaining 
because the people of the Empire of New Jersey 
like fun at Fairs? Not a bit of It! e are only 
reporting facts; and they will take care of 
themselves. We went to sec something agricul¬ 
tural, to meet agriculturists—men who should 
manifest a lively Interest in the progress of 
their Industry in the State, us illustrated in the 
products exhibited who should bo searching 
for something new and useful In the exhibition 
hallB, among the implements, quizzing the 
herdsmen and shepherds, and telling each other 
what they do and bow they do it. Hut we did 
not And ’em. We believe New Jersey has such 
men, but we saw few of them. Where were t hey ? 
And why wero they not at their State Fair? 
-♦»» 
AM. INST, FARMERS’ CLUB. 
September 13, the Club met the third time 
since vacation. The attendance was only mod¬ 
erate. The flrst subject presented was an in¬ 
quiry about 
Transplanting Evergreens. 
One member had transplanted (hem at all sea¬ 
sons of the year, and had succeeded in the Fall 
as well as at. any time. He would transplant 
Hemlock early In Spring-before frost is out. 
It Is more difficult to transplant than other ever¬ 
greens. Andrew S. Ftllku replied that no 
man who wants his evergreens to live will trans¬ 
plant in the Fall, but as early as possible In the 
Spring. Nurserymen who recommend Fall 
transplanting, el I her do not know their business 
or desire their customers’ trees to die. It is not 
enough that an evergreen transplanted In the 
Fall has the soil compactly about its roots. It 
must have made root grwtith in the Fall if il lives 
through the Winter. Kvaporatlon is constantly 
goiug on during Winter through the foliage; the 
routs must supply the material for this evapo¬ 
ration. Simple contact with the soil docs not 
enable them to do this they must have grown 
into (lie soli. With deciduous trees the ease is 
different. There Is no evaporation from the 
foliage in Winter, and il is not, therefore, neces¬ 
sary they should have made Fall growth. 
European Observations. 
Dr. J. V. C. Smith has just returned from F.u- 
rope, and gave the Club some of h is observations 
in Ireland, Wales, Scotland, and England. He 
asserts that “barns are an unknown conven¬ 
ience’’, in those countries. Hay and grain are 
stacked. Stacked nay, throe or four years old, 
is regarded better than when freshly cut. The 
fences are usually hawthorn hedges. Fields are 
small. Farmers rarely mvn the lands they cul¬ 
tivate; and they cultivate better than with us, 
the farms being smaller and help more plenty. 
Two crops per year arc grown whenever practi¬ 
cable. Fertilizers of every description are 
saved, or secured, and applied. Trees are ex¬ 
tensively cultivated. “ Horses of all work " are 
unknown. The Farm horse is an immense ani¬ 
mal, adapted to draft purposes only. Few or no 
oxen are employed. The beef of England is 
better than American, says Dr. 8m n n ; it Is not 
hastily fattened, old, worn-out cuttle. Then 
the good Doctor made this assert Ion: “Half I ho 
beef in American markets la ox-beef and the 
carcasses of cattle considered ns having mostly 
passed their usefulness.” To this assertion was 
opposed one by a gentleman who knows some¬ 
thing of the beet business of this country, that 
notonohundredth part of the beef consumed in 
this country ts made upon animals of the charac¬ 
ter described by Dr. Smith. This statement is also 
confirmed by a gentleman from Illinois. If Dr. 
Smith’s observations abroad were no more crit¬ 
ical than have been his observations at home, as 
evinced by this statement, they are not of much 
value to anybody. 
Destroying the Canker Worm. 
Dr. B. F. Long, Alton, 111., was present, and 
stated that he and his neighbors had succeeded 
in destroying the canker worm in orchards, by 
plowing them late in the Fall. But the plowing 
should not be over two inches deep—else the 
chrysalids will he buried too deep, and will be 
preserved and mature; but if the land is plowed 
shallow, the frost kills the chrysalid, and pre¬ 
vents a crop of worms the next season. 
-- 
RURAL NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Mortgnges on Hie Farm.—J. R. S. writes“ I 
have a farm clear of debt. I need a new house. 
Some of my neighbors have better houses than 
I have, and seem prosperous; but their farms 
were heavily mortgaged in order that they 
might build their comfortable cottages. My 
house is comfortable, but not as convenient and 
modern as it might be. Would you advise, mort¬ 
gaging the farm to raise the means to replace 
the old bouse with a new one? Your opinion 
will have much weight in deciding my action.” 
In reply, we say No! Do not mortgage the farm 
for any such purpose. Lay aside a certain snm 
every year as a building fund. Let every thing 
that is available, without affecting the comfort 
nnd well-being of your family.be economized. 
Use every opportunity to gather the material 
for building. Get the lumber sawed as you find 
it convenient to do so. If you have the timber 
for the frame, out, it, get it hewed or sawed, and 
then carefully shelter it. Draw the stone for 
cellar or foundation walls. Accumulate and 
preserve carefully the material after you have 
decided what kind of a house you wish to build. 
Consult a good builder as to the material re¬ 
quired. Get specifications, if possible, and work 
to them. By this means you can build and have 
a house paid for in less time, and with less labor 
and anxiety, than if you ran In debt to build it. 
Wo have watched both processes. Few men 
ever live to raise such mortgages off the farm; 
and few enjoy their new homes as keenly as 
those who know they are paid for when com¬ 
pleted. Stick to the old houseuntil the new one 
is built wilbout debt: but do not delay building, 
if you need a house, in order to buy and pay for 
more land. Consider the comfort and conven¬ 
ience of your family first. Keep your children 
about you as long as you can, by giving them as 
attractive a home as possible. Make the wife 
contented, and relieve her of care and labor, by 
furnishing her with every possible modern con¬ 
venience to aid in the discharge of her daily du¬ 
ties. But don't add to her nor your own bur¬ 
dens by mortgaging the farm. 
---*♦«- 
The Large Farms of California are “not 
what they have been cracked up to be,” accord¬ 
ing to the statements of a Mr. Holloway, who 
recently made a speech on the subject. He says 
the papers are full of trash about the fine crops 
raised mid the value of the wheat on hand — all 
of which gives a false Impression as to the actual 
suite of things. Many fanners have not raised 
wheat enough to pay Interest, on what they 
could have sold their lands for. Wheat will not 
make California farmers rich. He says it Is an 
evident fact that if men do their own work their 
lands produce better than If cultivated by 
olliem in largo tracts; and he advises cutting 
these large tracts Into small farms. This he re¬ 
gard* a patriotic duty, asserting that “ to Live on 
rented lands is the worst kind of slavery.” Dry 
land renting at $5 per acre Is ft .50 more than 
the renter can afford to pay. Another gentle¬ 
man hit the nail on the head when he said Ids 
observation had taught him that it is the man 
more than (he business which has io do with 
success or failure. Still, so far as the prosperity 
of the people or any State is concerned, we be¬ 
lieve small farms arc essential. It is not the 
money that is made so much as the permanent 
home anchorage that is secured; and every 
landholder becomes u sovereign, vitally inter¬ 
ested in the peace, progress and prosperity of 
the State. 
-- 
The Concussion Colonel. Col. Hardee of 
Florida, the discoverer of the concussion inode 
of destroying insects, made us u lively call the 
other day. He is just as eu re as ever abo u 11 he e l- 
fccls of concussion upon insect life. He insists, 
however, that ihe concussion must be produced 
when Uu dm- ix on the foliage. It has the same 
effect upon the insects that discharging a gun 
over water in which lie* a pickerel has upon 
that fish—that’s the end of ’em. But Col- Har¬ 
der did not call to promote the cause of eon- 
I mission. He is deeply absorbed in political 
matters and actively al work doing what lie 
thinks best to relievo his State of some of the 
financial burthens which now weigh so heavily 
upon it. _^_ 
The nights of Exhibitors nt Fain teas dis¬ 
cussed in our presence the other day, by an 
officer or the Now York State Agricultural So¬ 
ciety, who asserted that not one-tenth of those 
who manage and attend Fairs, who are not 
themselves exhibitors, have any conception of 
the trouble and expense of making an exhibition 
of farm stock or produce; and Ibis fact is doing 
more to injure Fairs, affect the extent and ex¬ 
cellence of these exhibitions, ami destroy their 
usefulness, than most people art* apt to suppose. 
He had a feeling sense of wbat an exhibitor 
does, and a full sympathy with Ills feelings when 
be attends Fairs and receives little or no atten¬ 
tion and compensation. This is a good thing 
for managers to think about, 
-- 
Pounds vs. Hale*.— The news from the cotton- 
growing States indicates a decrease in the cot¬ 
ton crop. But this estimate Is numbered by 
bales. Now, what is a bale? When men talk 
of pounds we know what they mean ; but bales 
mean any number of pounds I rani 150 to 600. 
There is no established weight as a standard for 
bales. Isn’t it time there was, or that these esti¬ 
mates of the cotton crop should cease to he 
made In bales? Cotton factors note that bales, 
later years, areof greater weight than formerly. 
This is almost uniformly the ease, it is said ; so 
that the advertised decrease in the number of 
bales produced, does not necessarily mean a de¬ 
creased aggregate product. 
The British Harvest is not so good as it was 
believed it would be a few weeks since. Wheat 
is not shelling out as anticipated, and the potato 
crop ts very seriously injured—so much so as to 
excite the liveliest apprehensions among food 
consumers. With the advance in coal, and the 
food prospects, things look gloomy for the 
poorer classes of Great Britain. 
■ -- 
Frippery Figures.—The cost of fashionable 
frippery imported into this country from abroad, 
annually, i* put dowuatforry millionsof dollars. 
Tins is a tolerably good sum to go out of the 
country where men and women complain that 
they can find "nothing to do.” Such persons 
should go abroad, learn a trade, and return 
homo uud start in business. 
The Flower Garden. -This is the name of a 
new quarterly Magazine of Floral Progress, just 
issued by C. L. Allen & Co., Brooklyn, N. ST. 
It is a handsome pamphlet containing much flo¬ 
ral information illustrative of the condition and 
progress of Floriculture. Price $1. 
THE SEASON, CROPS, PRICES, ETC. 
Grretiieaf, Meeker Co, Minn., ISept. ;|.— 
Weather extremely wet for nioro than two 
months. Upland hay splendid and abundant 
in consequence. Hay marshes considerably in¬ 
jured by drouth and fires of last year. Not 
much Timothy grown here yet, but it does well 
where it has been tried. The grain yields well, 
but would have been a better crop with less 
rain. All kinds of vegetation has grown very 
thrlftilly this year. Potatoes yield enormously, 
and good quality. F.ariy Rose takes the lead; 
were not materially injured by tlie Colorado 
bugs, though they made their appearance as 
usual. Farmers have finished stacking grain, 
and many are threshing. Help very scarce dur¬ 
ing harvest and wages high ; some paying $3 per 
day. Some grain lost for want of help.— e. b. s. 
Memlow Greek, Montana, Sept. I. — As near 
as I am able to judge from quite extended ob¬ 
servation, the small grain crop is 30 to 40 per 
cent larger than ever before. Flour is retailing 
al $0.50 per sack, a thing hitherto unknown 
here. Oats are worth from 3 to 3%(% per l’s., by 
the quantity. Potatoes vary in price from 1 to 
2 ets. per lb., with some of the last year crop 
still on hand. On the whole t in's has been a re¬ 
markably productive year, notwli hstanding the 
season has been unusually back ward. If the 
frosts hold off ten days longer the harvest of 
the cereals will bo complete. In some portions 
of the Territories there has been frosts that did 
considerable damage, but on the whole crops of 
all kinds are abundant,—,t. n. k. 
-- 
RURAL BREVITIES, 
Why will the Watertown (N. Y.) Reformer 
steal ? It is as cheap (o be honest. 
A. R. R. is informed that the proceedings of 
iho Swine Breeders'Convention will probabiy 
be extensively published. 
The St, Louis Ag. nnd Mach. Ass'n proposes 
to establish in St. Louis n grand Museum of 
Agrioulture and the Arte, lllu 1 e both of 
the resource ami industry ol the Great West, 
The Virginia correspondent who asks, is in¬ 
formed that, take the average of all cattle, na¬ 
tives and Texans, we call the average dressed 
weight about 700 lbs.; nnd that would boa fair 
average for three or four-year-old native Vir¬ 
ginia oittlo. Four-year-old grade Short-Horns 
should average 800 lbs. 
The Farmer and Gardener, Augusta, Ga., had 
suspended publication in consequence of the 
sudden death of Mr. I*!. H. Guay, its owner and 
publisher; but it is to be continued by Mr. P. J. 
BERCKMANS, on bis owp account, ami under his 
editorial management. We wish our friend the 
success lie will deserve: for he will only tell 
what he k runes —winch is a good deal. 
THE RURAL’S FALL CAMPAIGN! 
ANOTHER TRIAL TRIP! 
NEW QUARTER-NEXT YEAR. 
A SPLENDID PREMIUM 
TOR EVERYBODY ! 
■ — 11 - J- 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER is of¬ 
fered for the ensuing Three Months, from 
October to January, Ou Trial, for ONLY 
FIFTY CENTS; and for Fifteen Months 
—say from Oot. 1, 1872, to Jan. I, 1874—for 
U. This is giving. Thirteen Numbers for 
Fifty Cents, and Sixty-Five Numbers for 
$3. To every person sending 83 for fifteen 
months, as above, or 85 for ten Trial Sub¬ 
scribers (from Oct. to Jan.) we will send as 
a Premium, postage paid, the Splendid 
Steel Engraving entitled 
BIRTH-DAY MOUSING, 
OR THE GARDENER’S PRESENT. 
Size 24x30—retail price $5. This beautiful 
engraving is illustrated (on a small scale) 
and described on page 193. Every non- 
subscriber to Moork’s Rural should note 
this announcement—and every subscriber 
can seoure the picture by either obtaining 
ieu Trial Subscribers, at 50 cents each, or 
subscribing for 15 months, (aud selling or 
giving away the paper for the next three 
months, or until his present subscription 
expires.) 
THIS RARE OFFER 
Is w'orthy the attention and effort of every 
reader. The engraving is first class in every 
respect, and, if sold, would be worth at 
least f5 per copy; but copies are not for 
sale, and, as we own the plate, this beauti¬ 
ful aud artistic Picture can only be ob¬ 
tained by subscribing, or procuring sub¬ 
scribers, as above stated. 
BUSINESS NOTICES. 
R. B, PARSONS & CO.’S Trees and Plants, 
Camellias, Rhododendrons, Ac., at Flushing, N. V. 
■-o*-- 
THE WAKEFIELD EARTH CLOSET. 
Get Descriptive Pamphlet at 36 Dey St., New York. 
