done in the Fall if it is designed to seed 
it in the Spring. But it the seeding is to be 
in the Fall, (to wheat or rye) it may be done 
in June or July. 
3 . As a rule, however, on all soils we pre¬ 
fer turning it three to six inches deep (ac¬ 
cording as the soil is rich or poor) and lift¬ 
ing it as deeply as possible with a subsoil 
plow. This work we prefer to do in the 
Fall, though it. will not hurt a Spring crop 
if it is done in Spring; while deep inversion 
of the soil in Spring often oauses failure of 
the crop. 
ECONOMICAL NOTES. 
Filtering Cider.—A Subscriber, Adrian, 
Mich., asks for information about filtering 
cider—how to construct a filter, etc. We 
have never found it necessary to use other 
than tho common straw filter, in use at ci¬ 
der mills; but we have seen it recom¬ 
mended to pass oider. before fermentation, 
through a filter of sand and charcoal made 
as followsClear river sand, rather coarse, 
is best j put the sand and charcoal into a 
tub or vat for the purpose, in alternate 
layers, having tho coal reduced to pieces 
from half an inch to an inch square; lay a 
piece of flannel over the top, and as fast as 
to impede the passage of the cider, it may¬ 
be removed and washed and a now piece 
substituted. If this filtration is well done, 
as the cider passes from the sand it will ap¬ 
pear to bo perfectly pure, and should Im¬ 
mediately be put into casks and placed in 
the cellar. 
SCIENTIFIC AND USEFUL NOTES. 
Black Wi-iting Ink,—An inexpensive, 
but excellent method of making writing 
PAINT FOR OUT DOOR WORK. 
A correspondent of the N. Y. Tribune 
says:—Having had a large practical expe¬ 
rience in paints of all kinds, T find the best 
priming for old wood-work, and in faot all 
wood-work that is exposed much to the 
weather, is simply Spanish White, or as it 
is commonly called, Whiting, mixed in 
pure, raw liuscod oil; let It stand until It is 
thoroughly mixed, then reduce with oil 
and add tho drier sufficient to dry it. This 
makes tho best, hardest, most durable paint 
for the first coat, of auything I have ever 
tried. Reduce it to an ordinary thickness 
for priming, and apply with an ordinary 
brush. It must be thoroughly beat togeth¬ 
er, so as to work out all the lumps of the 
whiting. 
Another correspondent adds: For weath¬ 
er-worn wcatbor boarding take about oue- 
balf common whiting, one-half white lend, 
throw in small portions of red lead and 
chrome yellow to overcome the blackness 
of the wood, or add umber for a drub color. 
Fresh paint is always best. Hence, where 
persons wiBh to do their own painting, it 
is sometimes best to bay the paint dry. 
Take a board with a smooth surface, find a 
muller some three inches in diameter at 
one end, and conveniently shaped at the 
other to hold with both hands, and you can 
mix up your paint to answer your purpose. 
Flaxseed oil is to he used; a little turpen¬ 
tine w ill make the paint flow more freely 
from tho brush. Small portions of Vene¬ 
tian red and lampblack will do for a dark 
color, This is the result of thirty-five years’ 
experience. 
WHAT WILL ARREST FERMENTATION 
IN CIDER T 
Is there not some substanoe wbioh will 
arrest fermentation in cider, and thus en¬ 
able one to preserve it sweet the year round ? 
If there is, will you ublige us by giving its 
name and the mode of using it'/—W. W. B., 
Worcester, Mass. 
Yeb, there is such a substance—Sulphite 
of Lime, which was discovered by Prof. E. 
N. Horsford of Harvard University, Cam¬ 
bridge, Mass., as long ago as 1868. This sul¬ 
phite of lime is exclusively manufactured 
and sold for this purpose. Prof. ILorsford 
gives the following directions for its use;— 
Put the older, as it runs from the press, into 
clean casks, and place the caskB in a cool 
place. Watch the progress of the fermen¬ 
tation from day to day, and before it gets 
sour, when it tastes just right, put in the 
contents of this package, first stirring it up 
with some of the eider in a pitcher. It will 
soon settle clear, and the cask may be 
bunged tight, and kept through the Win¬ 
ter, or it maybe used as desired. If the 
older is cloudy or turbid, beat up half a 
dozen eggs, shells and all, turn into the 
bung-hole, and let it rest a few weeks. It 
will make the cider very nice and olear. 
MOOBE’S BUBAL NEW-YOBKEB. 
PLOWING DEEP. 
Will von answer the following questions 
consecutively? Do you recommend plowing 
all soils deeply—that is, inverting it? If so 
at what season of the year is it besj done ? 
Or do you prefer inverting the surface sod 
a few inches nud then subsoiling (lifting the 
soil without inverting it) and upon what 
kinds of soil do you recommend this prac¬ 
tice ' We have had some discussion on this 
subieet at our Farmers' Club and I am 
curious to know your position.— n. o. s. 
1. We do not recommend plowing (in¬ 
verting) all soils deeply. There are many 
soils which are greatly benefited by being 
inverted deeply—especially much worn and 
impoverished soils; or light soils that have 
a loam or clay subsoil. 
*>. This kind of plowing is always better 
immediately above the snow 13° below zero, 
immediately beneath, 19° above zero, under 
a drift of two feet deep, 27’ above zero. 
To Fall a Leaning Tree, chop the lower 
side half (or more) off; then got a piece of 
solid timber that will fit where you have 
chopped, and you can cut the other side 
without danger of splitting tho tree.— 
M. A. T. 
,i>ur;tl gUdutihlure. 
CHEAP COTTAGE PLANS. 
Tins design explains itself. One or two 
peculiarities need a word. The open stair¬ 
way in the entrance hall is dispensed with, 
as it must be, where expense is closely con¬ 
sidered, and comfort is put before show. 
These open stairs so near the front door. 
meats of the age, while really adding to 
your comfort and eujoymeuts. If preferred, 
the living-room chimney can bo removed 
to the inner side and a double window put 
in its place. The iron closet is handy, and 
bath room in a warm place, with closet in 
it, under back stairs. In Summer the cook 
stove pipe can go right up the chimney, 
carrying up much heat; a flue can be car¬ 
ried up with, and separated from, the 
smoke flue, by brick on edge, with register 
near tho coiling, to carry away heat, 
steam, etc. 
Two stories is rather high to look well in 
a house of this size, but a garret for clothes 
drying in cold or stormy weather is so es¬ 
sential to comfort that it seems best to 
carry the main wing at least to that hlght, 
making its roof half pitch, with eaves pro¬ 
jecting two and one-half feet, shutting 
down over the sides and reducing apparent 
hight materially. Garret stairs are over 
tho others, aud may be steeper—say nine 
inches step aud eight inches riser, as it is 
found easier to carry loads up such than to 
travel further up a more gentle rise. 
Cost .—Values of labor aud material differ 
so widely in different parts of the country, 
that it is scarcely worth while to say any¬ 
thing about cost. Hero this design could 
probably bo built, balloon frame filled in 
with soft brick on edge, front $l,‘,fi )0 to $ 2 , 000 , 
according to finish. B. W. Steere. 
Adrian, Mich. 
tun biuvi uwm.wu ■ *- -- r - > 
through the fitter, whereby all the pomace 
and other impurities are removed. If the 
_ - * i.x ___„ 
Applying Barn-Yard Manure and 
Aslies.—R. II. R., Berrien Springs, Mich., 
writes in answer to an inquiry by one of 
our correspondents;—“I would not put 
barn-yard manure and ashes on land at the 
same time. The ashes are an alkali, and 
the manure, as far as fermentation is con¬ 
cerned, is an acid; the one, I think, coun¬ 
teracts and neutralizes the other.” It will 
do no harm to apply tho manure and the 
ashes to the land at the same time, provided 
both are mixed well with tho soil. Indeed, 
we doubt if either will effect the other to 
cause loss, if the land is top-dressed with 
them, so long as they are exposed to the 
air. We have mixed ashes and barn-yard 
manure in making compost, but we were 
always careful to incorporate plenty of 
swamp muck with both. 
Hew Way of Tapping Young Maples. 
—D. B. Wier, not wishing to mar the 
trunks of his young maples last Spring, 
and wanting some sap from them, got it 
abundantly, and of excellent quality, by 
cutting off some of the small branches, 
hanging the buckets upon them, and let¬ 
ting the sap flow therein from the cut. It 
was just as sweet as that takon from the 
body, and flowed more abundantly during 
a given time. _ 
Linseed Oil Barrel for Cider.—Can 
you or any of your readers tell me if a lin¬ 
seed oil barrel will do to put cider in? If 
so, how would you proceed to cleanse it?— 
Wm. J . Richardson. 
We have never used such a barrel for 
older, aud can give no opinion, except that 
we should hesitate to use it, no matter how 
Cleansed. _ 
Effect of Snow on Temperature of 
Soil.—Mr. C. G. Prindle of Chittenden 
Co., Vt., has made an experiment designed 
to ascertain how far soil is protected from 
cold by snow. For four successive Winter 
days, there being four inches of sqow on a 
level, he found the average temperature 
Ground Floor Plan.—V. vestibule;?, parlor, 
15 by 13*4 ft.; L, living room, 15 by 15 ft.; 
C, 0, closets: It, bedroom. 15 by 8** ft.; l>, 
paiity, K>; by f) ft.., with cellar stairway out 
of it; K, kitchen, 13*4 by 10 ft.; S, sink; T, 
bath or store room; N, for books; M, back 
piazza. 
are about the best device possible to make 
a small house heated by stoves uncom¬ 
fortable in Winter, especially up-stairs. 
Instead is a cheap and snug entrance 
porch, with narrow window, the stairs be¬ 
ing entered from a room always warm, and 
every iuoh of what is usually open hall is 
utilized. In about 15x(5 feet getting up 
stairs, down collar, and a good pantry and 
closet. These stairs can, and should have 
a nice hand rail, which can be made very 
cheap in an inclosed stairway; 10 -inch 
steps, and 7 K*iuoh risers, aro about as near 
right as any. Lot the lower story be exactly 
ten feet from upper side of lower floor to 
top of upper floor, giving just fifteen such 
steps. 
It is designed to make the kitchen too 
small to eat in ; and to women who would 
find fault, aud who are aooustomed to 
kitchens eighteen or twenty feet square, 
where all manner of work is done, and 
where we enjoy(?) our meals amid sights and 
smells not calculated to encourage digestiou 
—to such I would say, look round and see 
if everything is not about as handy as in 
CL3 
Second Floor Plan.—C, C, C, C, C, C, closets; 
B, B, bedroom, each 15 by 1 2 ft.; D, bod- 
room, 15 by 8Vi ft.; E, bedroom, 1314 by 15 ft. 
your large rooms, with the advantage of a 
cool, neat room to retire to when over¬ 
heated or weary, where you can stow your 
other half and boys out of the way, and 
above all where meals can be taken amid 
pleasant surroundings. 
Or, if you like, you may consider the two 
rooms as simply parts of the large kitchen, 
so divided as to better meet the refine- 
flukl is to take 2% oz. extract of logwood; 
90 grains prussiato potassa ; I teaspoonful 
beef’s gall, and 1 gallon oold water. Dis¬ 
solve the logwood in clean soft water; add 
the potassa and gall; after standing one 
day it is ready for bottling and use. The 
color Is a Jet bluok aud so far as the expense 
is concerned t he ingredients can be obtained 
from any apothecary for twenty-five ceuts. 
—G. R. Drake. 
A Recipe for Cement to stop cracks in 
glass vessels, to resist moisture aud heat, 
is thus given iu tho Soientlfio Aincrioau: 
Dissolve oaseine iu ooid saturated solution 
of borax, and with this solution paste strips 
of hog’s or bullock's bladder (softened in 
water) on the oraks of glass, aud dry at a 
gentle heat; if the vessel is to be heated, 
coat the bladder on the outside before it 
has become quite dry, with a paste of a 
rather concentrated solution of silicate of 
soda and quick lime or plaster of Paris. 
SOME THINGS IN KENTUCKY 
Leaving the great Exposition of Cincinnati, 
I made my way through Northern Kentucky to 
Louisville, to take a look at, the new Exposition 
in progress at this place. The Association was 
formed in tho Spring, and tho whole thing was 
conceived and executed within the space of 
ninety days. The building Is a handsome and 
substantial structure of brick, with basemont, 
and second floor of wide galleries, giving large 
exhibition room- high, light and airy, with con¬ 
venient and tasteful rooms for tho officers. 
The site of this Exposition Is in tho best part 
of the city; tho lot which contains tho building 
is three hundred and forty by two hundred and 
fifty feet. II was purchased by the Association 
at a cost of $08,000, and l lie building has oost as 
much more. This first Exposition has already 
proved u financial success, and l can testify that 
in Its material and display it is a very handsome 
thing. Tho show of steam engines and other 
heavy Iron manufactures of tho Falls City, the 
large show of plows for .Southern use, and also 
of carriages aud furniture, is highly creditable 
to the enterprise of Kentucky. Of course, the 
show of tobacco Is large and complete, from the 
hogshead in leaf to the finished plug and cigar. 
Among the visitors in this Exposition I had 
the good fortune to meet tho veteran agricul¬ 
tural writer of tho 8outh, Dr. M. W. Phillips, 
well-known to all readers of Southern agricul¬ 
tural literature, and to all of tho old agricultu¬ 
ral editors. Wo had a good sit-down together, 
and, mercy ! hmv wo galloped up and down the 
postures of old l imes, when both of us were a 
quarter of a century younger than we are to¬ 
day, or ever will be, till wo meet “over there.” 
Tho clay hills of Northern Kentucky have 
Buttered from drouth, and the crops are light. 
Corn and tobacco aro the staple. The apple or¬ 
chards are not in such full bearing as I have 
seen in the North, and the tobacco Is much poor¬ 
er than what I saw in the Valley of the Miamis, 
in Ohio. 
Louisville Isa solid, well-arranged, and thrifty 
city, and with her present and prospective sys¬ 
tem of railroads, has an assured position among 
the commercial centers of the couutry. 
8. D. H. 
INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES 
The Pennsylvania Ilort. Sac. holds Its annual 
Exhibition at Philadelphia, Oct. 23-26. 
The Illinois Ktnte Orange of the Patrons of 
Husbandry is lo meet nt Dixon, Lee Co., [11., 
Dee 10, 1872, when it will hold a two-days’ 
session. 
The Catamount IPIttsfield, S. II.,) Formers’ 
Club organized August 27th, 1872, with seventy- 
four members. Present number, 115. Png.— 
W. B. DRAKE. Vlce-Pres.—H. \V. Dow. Sec.and 
Treas.—Qea. R. Drake. 
The town Agricultural Society offers a pre¬ 
mium of $1,000 for the best ten acres of artificial 
timber, payable in 1881; also $580 for the best 
cultivated farm, payable iu 1875; $250, payable 
in 1878, for the best mile of hedge. 
The Michigan Bee Keener*’ Amo'ii has elected 
the fol lowing officers for the ensuing year: Pres. 
—T. F. Bingham, Allegan. Floe-free.—A. C. 
Baleh, Kalamazoo. See.— J. W. Porter, Ogden. 
Treas.— JJ. A. liurcli, South Haven. 
The *V. V. State Grnpe Growers' 8oc., through 
v. S. I until a HO, Scse’y, anounces that tha Execu¬ 
tive Oommitteo has decided that if. Is expedient 
to disband and co-operate wIIh the Western N. 
Y. Hurt.Soe., so fares possible—for the reason 
l hat grape growers throughout, the State do not 
seem inclined to co-operate to keep the organi¬ 
zation running. 
Thi' Illinois Hlale Agricultural Boric ly held 
it- 20th Annual Fair at Ottawa, Sept, 10-20. The 
exhibition of live stuck and implements was 
largo and excellent. The attendance was largo 
and n ealpts satisfactory. The annual election, 
held during the Fair, resulted In the choice of 
tin- following officers.- Print.—. Joun P. Bkv- 
noldb. Vicc-Presl's.— 1st Cong. Dist., Lewi* Ells¬ 
worth; 2d, II. D. Emery; 3*1. Jonallum Periam ; 
till. James Herrington ; 5th, Chus. H. Host rt- 
steel: 0th, Geo. IV. Stone; 7th, Charles Suead; 
8th, Emory Cobb; nth, A. J. Dunlap; 10th, 
Samuel Douglas; 11th, K. K. Jones; 12th, M. C. 
Uoltra; 13th, S. D. Fisher; 14th, John G. Tay¬ 
lor; 15th. William Kilo; 18th. W. JH, Bussell: 
