272 
MOOSE’S BUBAL MEW-YOB WEB. 
OCT. 26 
“ PROGRESS AND IMPROVEMENT." 
MOORE'S RORAL NEW-YORKER. 
A NATIONAL ILLUSTRATED 
SlIML, UTIUBf AKII MHIlf KllffSFAPKK. 
2>. Z>. T. MOOEB, 
Ooaduotmg JKditor and. i^nblisLer. 
OHAS. D. BRAGDON, ANDREW 8. FULLER, 
Amaooiate Editor*. 
U8NRY 8. BANDALL, LL. D., Cortland Village, N. Y., 
Editob o» t«s DsriKTH*NT of Baum Hcrbaxdhy. 
X. A, WILLARD, A. M.. Little Fall*, N. Y., 
E&rroa or raa Dc/.uiMinT o» Item* Hobbakdby. 
Col 8. D. HARRIS, Cleveland, Ohio, 
COKUKI'O.tDINtt KdITOE. 
PUBLICATION OFFICES I 
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Buffalo Street, Rochester, N. Y. 
WESTERN BRANCH OFFICE l 
Ro. 75 North Side of Hark, Cleveland, Ohio. 
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CJubti: — Five Copies, and one copy free to Agent or 
setter tip of (Hub, for *12.50; Keren Copies and one 
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per copy. As we are obliged to pre-pay the American 
postage on papers mulled to foreign countrum. Twenty 
Ceuta should bn lidded to above rates for each yearly 
copy mailed to Canada, and One Dollar per copy to 
Bui ope. Drafts. Post-Offloe Money Orders and Regis¬ 
tered letters may be mailed at our risk, per Liberal 
Premiums to alJ Club Agents who do not take free 
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ADVERTISING RATES. 
Iusidc, Hth and 15th pages ( Agate space)..!*0o. per line. 
“ 5t h, 7th, and IS puges. .UK) “ 
Outside or last pago. .L60 “ 
Fifty nor cent, oxtru for snusiml display. 
Knectal Notice*, leaded,' y couut).2.00 “ 
Huslness ’■ ....... ..2.60 •• 
Reading “ K.OO " 
l'W~ No advertisetuent tuserted for less than *3. 
matter, comparatively, to stop the leaks and in¬ 
crease the profits the succeeding year. 
Have the profits been derived from economy, 
or from liberality of expenditure in relation lo 
especial crops? In other words, is there any 
one crop which returned $2 for every $1 ex¬ 
pended in producing it; and if tho expense of 
culture or for plant, food per acre had been in¬ 
creased, would tho profits have correspondingly 
increased? Or has I lie farmer found the maxi¬ 
mum of expense per acre It pays to give to any 
one crop ? These are interesting and profitable 
questions for him to answer. 
The losses of effort, and time on a farm are 
very much greater than most men realize. The 
loss of time perhaps is greater, notwithstanding 
the faot that fat-mere work so many hours per 
day. This Joss is uot due to the fact that the 
time is not all nr nearly all occupied, but to the 
| other fact that it is too often improperly direct¬ 
ed, is not economized and hence is wasted. But 
if the time absolutely spent in the production, 
harvesting and marketing of a crop is charged 
to that crop, the husbandman soon discovers 
its value, how much It enters into tho cost, and 
will devise ways »nd means to economize it— 
that Is, to expend less time in producing the 
same results. The trouble is, that in making up 
accounts with crops loo many fanners estimate 
the amount of time oousumed in their produc¬ 
tion, instead of charging each crop, daily, with 
the time actually expended upon It. 
The result, of such Inquiry as wo have sug¬ 
gested above will be to cause a higher value to 
lie placed upon time, to sec that It is not wasted 
and, therefore, a better direction of the effort 
Or force expended in producing crops. The best 
ways and means will be devised and adopted for 
doing ihe most work in the least time and at 
the least expanse; for every thought ful farmer 
knows that just in proportion as he diminishes 
the cost of production he enhances his profits. 
AGRICULTURE AND CIVILIZATION. 
SATURDAY, OCT. 26, 1872. 
ELECTION-DAY DUTIES. 
1. Let every voter go to the polls. 
2. Let him go early. 
3. Lot him go to the polls with a Rural New- 
Yorker in his pocket. 
4. Let him vote us his judgment and con¬ 
science dictates. 
5. Let him give his neighbor any advice about 
voting he may desire for his country’s good. 
6. After both he and Ills neighbor have voted, 
let him show Ills neighbor the Rural Nkw- 
Yorker and ask Idm to subscribe for it, telling 
him how sweet a solace it will be to him und 
his family, after the wrangling and turmoil of 
a political campaign, to be able to read a puper 
which will utfurd instruction aud pleasure, de¬ 
voted as it is to Progressive Agriculture lu all 
its departments, to the Elevation of the Family 
and to tho enhancement of the Pleasures of 
Rural Home Life. 
7. Let him forward the money thu6 received 
promptly, giving lull name and post-office ad- 
dress of euch subscriber, and receive the pre¬ 
mium wo oiler for such work and tho satisfac¬ 
tion ol knowing that he has uot only done his 
duty as a Citizen, but as a Friend and Neighbor. 
WHAT ARE THE PROFITS 1 
The harvest is nearly ended. There is some 
com to husk, potatoes to dig, roots to gather, 
apples to pick, butter and cheese to market, 
etc., etc. But the farmer who has carefully 
kept account with the different departments of 
the farm can approximately estimate his profits 
for the year. What tire they? We do not ask 
this question because wo desire it answered to 
ourselves, but that each farmer may answer it 
to himself. Aud if lie flndsout there arc profits, 
we hope ho can pul tils linger ou his ledger and 
tell just what crops did, aud what did not, yioid 
him bis net revenues. 
This course we deem absolutely essential to 
Intelligent, economical, and progressive hus¬ 
bandly. If i lie blind leads ihe blind they both 
fall in the ditch. If a man's corn crop has cost 
him $1 per bushel, and is worth in market but 
75 cents—that is, if he can buy corn lot- 75 cents 
per bushel, equally good, tho fodder ho gels 
from the crop grown will scarcely fill out the l 
margin of difference; and then, if lie blindly i 
goes on raising corn, year after year, with no i 
knowledge of what it costs him, it will require - 
the profits he may derive from some other crop 1 
to counterbalance his loss on corn. But it' he i 
knows what the oorn costs him, and whence tho t 
profits he gets uro derived, it will be au easy & 
ADOLPnus Qtt read a paper at the last meet¬ 
ing of the Liberal Club upon “The Relution of 
Agriculture to Civilization,” which was little 
more than a compilation from old books, to 
prove that the decline of civilization had fol¬ 
lowed the decline In agriculture-theexhaustion 
ol’ the soil. But this was not dearly proved lo 
!>e ihe on use of the deolinein civilization. There 
was a good deal of learned i«Ik about fertilizers, 
soil exhaustion, political economy—a melange 
of facts and i henries which had little relution to 
the topic of the evening. 
The relations of Agriculture to Civilization 
sewn to us very simple—much like the relations 
of fuel und water to a steam engine. The en¬ 
gine cannot move without tho fuel and wutor; 
nor can flic fuel and water propel a machine 
that is uot created aud adapted to such provi¬ 
sion. Agriculture feeds civilization; but there 
would be no agriculture without civilization; 
and it reflects rather than determines the con¬ 
dition of civilization. A high civilization in¬ 
volves progressive agriculture; but that agri¬ 
culture is anterior to civilisation is not true. it. 
is tho effect, not the cause. It is the supply a 
demand has created. Because New York does 
not produce as much wheat per acre as she did 
twenty yearn ago, it does not follow Hint the 
I civilization of its people has deteriorated. On 
ihe contrary, a decline in agriculture rather 
follows ihnn anticipates a decline in i hocivilizu- 
tion of the people, if, however, agriculture in 
any district does decline, it does not necessarily 
follow that civilization has declined. For there 
are many Instances w hero people ol' a district 
have abandoned agriculture lor commercial 
and professional pursuits, yet in uo sense retro¬ 
grading from enlightenment und culture, while 
their Holds have been left to ignorant laborers 
and tholr farms permitted to go to ruin. 
The practical good of such a paper is uot 
plain: nor did the discussion which followed 
betray any ability on the part of the speakers, 
with one or two exceptions, to take a broad 
new of the needs of the agriculturists of tins 
country, and of the means of supplying those 
needs that are adapted to conditions that exist, 
and c-aunot be changed at will. It is not always 
wise to be contented with assorting what should 
be; it is better to make tho most of what is. If 
American agriculture i6 not to-lay what it may 
be, it Is simply because capital, labor and intel¬ 
ligence are wanting to make it 60 —in other 
words, civilization is not far enough advanced 
here to secure the results that may, with al¬ 
tered conditions and increased needs, become 
absolutely necessary, and which, when necessa¬ 
ry, will be sure to be realized. 
be. The speaker then showed a side elevation 
of ihe principal building to lie used, and a 
ground plan of the buildings already erected, 
and of the grounds. The chief building la 3.000 
feet long by 82 feet wide, and has a number of 
transepts 350 by 60 in extent, so that the entire 
surface covered by the building will be 1,500,000 
feet. The dome of the building is the largest 
in the world. There would be a separate build¬ 
ing for power machinery, 2,600 by 150 In extent. 
There would also be a large building for agri¬ 
cultural Instruments exclusively. 
Something In Ihe Shape of a Wheal Field.— 
Let our Eastern readers try to form some con¬ 
ception of the way wheat is grown in California, 
from the following statement gathered from 
the San Francisco Bulletin. There is a wheat 
field in tho San Joaquin Valley'which covers 
38,000 acres! The crop this year is reputed to 
average 40 bushels per acre, or 1,440,000 bushels In 
all, which would require over forty ships of me¬ 
dium size to transport It to market . One side of 
this “lot” is 17 miles long. When plowed, ten 
four-horse teams were attached to ten gang 
plows, each gang having four plows. Lunch 
was served at a midway'station, and supper at 
the terminus, 17 miles from tho place of start¬ 
ing. The grain was cut by twenty of the largest 
reapers. There arc two other wheat fields in 
tl>i« valley, one of which contains 23,000 acres 
and tho other 17,000. Then, as an offset to this 
magnificent statement, wo have thisThere 
are thousands of tons of wheat which cannot tie 
taken out of the valley this season, and must 
remain over, a dead capital, or, what is nearly 
as undesirable, will only command advances al 
heavy rates of interest." Aud then, to show 
Ihe wheat growers of the Western States the 
importance of providing for the consumption 
at home of their product, by eucouraging home 
manufactures and diversifying Industry, thus 
rendering themselves Independent of foreign 
markets, we print a statement of the same 
paper, dated Sept. 20, that since June 2K, sixty- 
tluce vessels have left that port for England 
loaded with wheat. Of this number, 13 cleared 
in July, 32 In August, and 15 more in September 
to date. Berore t he first one reaches Liverpool, 
nearly, or quite, 1(H) vessels will be on the way, 
with their prows pointing to the same port, and 
carrying 125,000 tons of wheat. II adds that, 
with sufficient tonnage, each a fleet can he main¬ 
tained for six months. 
■-«**- 
Imports and Exports.—From the last report of 
the Bureau of statistics we learn that the im¬ 
ports to this country for tho month ending 
April 30, 1872, were $73,865,4*5; for the corre¬ 
sponding month 1871, $50,712,200. For the ten 
months ending April 30, 1872, the Imports were 
$521,801.459; for the corresponding period the 
year previous, $434,743,088. The domestic ex¬ 
perts during the ten months ending April 30 , 
1872, were $409,471,561; foreign exports, $18,724,- ' 
027; for the corresponding period of the year 
previous, domestic exports amounted to $423,- 
*29,tll!i, and foreign export* to $24,104,779. Thus j 
it will be seen that during the ten months end¬ 
ing April 30,1872. the imports In excess of tho 
domestic and foreign exports umounted to $93,- ' 
005,871, or about 22 percent; while for the cor- ' 
responding period ol the year previous our ex- ) 
ports exceeded imports to the amount of $13,- 
250,710, or about 3 per cent. The value of the 
foreign commodities remaining in warehouse 
April 30. 1872. wuS $90,958,400, as compared with 
$55,881,292, April 30,1871. 
-- 
lloiv to hell it Milch Cow. — The following 
story is told ns haring occurred: —A Mr. 
Whitcher, Whitfield. N. H„ wanted a milch v 
cow, and bought what appeared to be a good 
one in a neighboring market, al ter a number . 
of pensons who claimed to be interested in the a 
purchase and sale had seen twelve quarts of 
rich milk taken irorn her. The day- after .Mr. t 
Whitoher came in possession, his dairymaid <J 
undertook to get some milk from the same cow 
and she wouldn't “give down a drop;” and It I 
was soon discovered that the animal had no ' 
appearance whatever of having milk. It i6 be¬ 
lieved, by those who know the circumstances, 1 
that a false udder bad boen used in the milking 1 
scene, which was quiolly slipped off before the 
cow was delivered to the purchaser. 
throughout the Dominion, seriously interrupt¬ 
ing the business or thecountry. The street care 
in Montreal have stopped running; In the city 
railway stables more than 300 horses are sick. 
The farmers in the country' are unable to bring 
grain to market. Tho disease is not often fatal, 
but recovery is slow. 
P. S.—We also learn that this disease Is pre¬ 
vailing among the horses of Buffalo and Roches¬ 
ter, N. Y.; also in several towns in Rutland Co., 
Vermont. 
•-- 
“The Ilcst Paper and ihe Best Premiums ! ” 
is the pledge and practice of tho Rural New- 
1 oiiker. Our design Is to make the paper far 
better next year than now, and It will be ob¬ 
served by reference to list on preceding page 
that both Subscribers and Agents are to receivo 
more Liberal Premiums than ever before. Tho 
Pioneer Rural leads tho van in intrinsic merit 
of contents and liberality to its friends. 
“ A Rar ® Opportunity” Is the heading of an 
advertisement in this paper offering a very de¬ 
sirable Virginia farm fur sale. It l 3 situated 
near Petersburg, and possesses many advan¬ 
tages. The death of its late owner necessitates 
the disposal of the property at a sacrifice, and 
those wishing a fine homestead In iho South 
should give the announcement attention. 
Catalogue* Received—From K. M. Potter, 
Kalamazoo, Mich., Price List of Fruit Trees, 
Grape Vines, etc ,, .From John Saul. Washing¬ 
ton, !). C., Descriptive Catalogue of Dutch and 
other Bulbs....From Peter Henderson, New 
York City, Bulb Catalogue for 1872. 
»»»-- 
Mink Culture.— Elliott Loomis, Wright Co., 
Iowa, will find au article on mink culture in the 
Rural New-Yorker, May 27, 1871, pugo 831, 
which will answer ids Inquiries, or most of 
iliem. He can get the paper, if lie has not got 
it, by sending ten cents to this office. 
THE SEASON, CROPS, PRICES, ETC. 
Ileer Creek, I own, Oct, 3. —We have some of 
the finest weather you ever saw, and some of 
the finest- corn. Wo are feeding large numbers 
of cattle for you in the East. Our crops were 
good, as regards corn, barley, oats and wheat. 
New corn, 15c. offered; Barley, 35 t«. 40c.; oafs. 
14a; wheat. Spring, 85 to »0e.—Winter, $1.10; 
bay, $2.50 per ton. A good place for belp; wa¬ 
ges have been from $20 to $22 per month for 
three years, town is the place for Eastern peo¬ 
ple who wish for good, new homes, with nearly 
all tbo advantages of any new country—health, 
climate, soil, cheapness of land, natural advan¬ 
tages, etc.—j. w. j. 
Sherman, Osceola Co., Mich.-, Oct. 15.—No 
severe storms as the sun was crossing tho line 
in Sept., but plenty of warm showers. We have 
been blessed with an excellent season and good 
crops. Country new; tho counties Mecosta, 
Osceola, Wexford, and others adjacent, a lew 
year ago (not exceeding si v i were hardly known 
except to the trapper und tho red man. Now, 
nearly all the “public domain ” Is occupied 
(principally homesteaded). Hay $2tXT£30 per ton ; 
corn, ears, 5Ui&75e,; oalsSOe.; potatoes lora year 
or more have been from $1 to $1.50 per bushel; 
at tho present time worth 80o.; pork per barrel 
from $14&16: per pound 10c.; butter 30c.; eggs 
20c.; flour $8<2»10 .—l. 
RURAL NOTES AND QUERIES 
American Exhibitors at Ihe Vienna Interna¬ 
tional Exposition, —A good deal of effort is 
making to secure a l ull representation of Amer¬ 
ican industry and American resources at Viert- 
nu, Austria, next year. It is asserted by Com¬ 
missioner Vim Buren that the grounds and 
buildings to be occupied by the exhibition arc 
six timos as large ns those at l'aris in 1867. In a 
recent speech bo said that no Government, ap¬ 
propriation had yet been made by the United 
States, but he believed ibat at the next session 
of Congress such an appropriation would be 
made, and if duplicate receipts for expenses 
were kept, he believed that the appropriation 
would refund money expended before the ac¬ 
tion of Congress. Austria was more anxious 
that American produets should be well repre¬ 
sented than those of any other country should 
Advising Where to Go—Wo often have in¬ 
quiries like this“ I want to know to what part 
of the United Slates you recommend me to go. 
I want to go to some warm climate. My means 
are limited. I am a single man aud don’t mind 
hard work, as I want to get a home for myself.” 
We have no advice to give in response to such 
an inquiry exeept this;—There is uot a State in 
the Union which has a warm climate, that has 
not some advantages over some other State; and 
any.young man able and willing to work, who 
is frugal, can make himself a home in any of 
them. Don’t ask for advice, but go and begin 
the work of securing a home at once. 
RURAL BREVITIES. 
We call attention to tho Tea advertisement, 
by Mr. Dexter, in another place. 
The Aldine, for November, is superb—both 
in text, illustrations aud mechanical appear¬ 
ance. Get it. 
H.. Wellsville. 0.,asks where he can geta full- 
blood Newfoundland or St. Bernard dog. We 
do uot know. 
The Beekeepers’ Association for the Central 
District of Iowa, meets at Oskuloosu ou tho first 
Wednesday in November. 
The correspondent at Drake’s Mills, Pa. (who 
fails to sign his name to his letter) is Informed 
that we have not preserved the address of the 
party refolded to. 
If R. D. Lloythc will addre°s Henry IIirt, 
279 Avenue U.. or American Zinc Co . 19 Cliff 
street, or New Jersey S5lne Co.. 61 Maiden Lane 
—all of Now York City—he may got detinue an¬ 
swers to his inquiries. 
Mu. W. F. is informed that ihe entries of 
stock for exhibition at the New York State Fair 
do not noce.'-arily Indicate that the stock en¬ 
tered was all there. Some breeders make en¬ 
tries for the purpose of having their stock ad¬ 
vertised in the Society’s catalogue ot entries. 
WELL! The Country Gentleman says its cor¬ 
respondent did nut say that he could find no 
steam plows in operation in England, and the 
O Arman town Telegraph says i/s correspondent 
did say so. If it makes any material difference 
to our contemporaries, let the differeneo he 
made. 
Illinois Stork Law in Force.—Oct. 1, went in¬ 
to operation, in Illinois, a law which provides 
that it shall be unlawful for the owners of any 
domestic animal of the species of horse, mule, 
ass, cattle, sheep, goat or hog to permit them to 
run at large after the 1st day of October, 1872. 
For a violation of 11lls Jaw a penalty of not less 
than $3 nor more than $10 shall be imposed, the 
money to be paid to the school fund of the 
township. 
— »♦« 
The Horse Disease in Canada, a Toronto dis¬ 
patch, dated Oot. 18, says, has now extended 
BUSINESS NOTICES, 
LYONS MUSICAL ACADEMY. 
An unsurpassed School for raustoul education. 
Send for Circulars, containing full particulars, to O. 
8. ADAMS, Principal, Lyons. Wayne Co., N. Y. 
Ou Trial !!! The new INDEPENDENT*2 monthly, 
“The Science of HEAi/ra," sent three months for 
25cents! by S. R, WDLLS, 389 Broadway, N. Y. 
THE WAKEFIELD EARTH CLOSET. 
Get Descriptive Pamphlet at 36 Dey St., New York. 
/ 
