3S2 
MOORE’S RURAL NEW-YORKER. 
DEG. 44 
<§rarj> of a Jftoralist. 
DAILY RURAL LIFE, 
MOM THE DIARY Of A GENTLEMAN NEAR NEW YORK CITY. 
Cured With Cabbages.— Nov. 25.—A 
jouug lady from tbe city, who occasion¬ 
ally spends a few weeks with us, has often 
remarked that she thought farming and 
a farmer’s life was “splendid,” even ir 
there were losses and considerable bard 
work to be endured. Tbe part that seemed 
to interest her most was the selling of 
fruits and vegetables in market, the hand¬ 
ling of the money and reckoning up the re¬ 
ceipts of euoh load; and like many city- 
bred men and women, the cost of produc¬ 
tion, labor and time expended in preparing 
and taking to market she nevor thought of; 
but the whole thing was in that one nut¬ 
shell—side and receipt of cash. This morn¬ 
ing when Joint was preparing u load of 
cabbages for market. I proposed,in a banter¬ 
ing way. that she should go along and learn 
what a delightful thing it was to «ell vege¬ 
tables in a country village. Much to my 
surprise she aooepted the offer, remarking, 
at thesametime, that she thought it would 
be “jolly,” if she could have an interest 
in the receipts, to which I agreed, and the 
bargain was closed at once. John is a gen¬ 
tleman of color, who has been in n\y em¬ 
ploy ten years, and like a majority of his 
race, in full of natural wit and good humor 
nothing in the way of ordinary accidents 
or discouragements ever causing him to 
apeak, except in the mildest language, con¬ 
sequently he is a great favorite with the 
ladies. When leaving home he remarked 
that cabbages ought to sell well to-day. 
considering the attractiveness of his load, 
at the same time casting a side glance at 
the feather in Miss B'sbat. In due time 
the load was sold, and John and tbe young 
lady returned; but the latter was quite 
reticent for some time in regard to the 
sale of tho cabbages. At last, however, it 
oame out in little bite, as the various ludi¬ 
crous circumstances attending it recurred 
to her t hrough tho day. “ Why,” she would 
say, “ [ did nob not think folks would tell 
such awful falsehoods to sax'e a few cents. 
Ono man came to the wagon and asked the 
prior, and wheu John told him, he said 
* It’s too much—too much; but if 1 had not 
so mnoh cabbage now I'd take twoor three 
dozen, at four shillings a dozen. But I’ve 
so much—so much cabbage. 1 do’ know 
what to do with them. I’ll give you four 
shillings a dozen for three dozen,’ 
“ ’ They are yours ’ said John. And now 
what do you think,” said Miss B; “ When ' 
John oarried the cabbages into that man’s . 
collar, ho had not ouo there, after all his ' 
talk about ‘so much cabbage.’ Others '• 
would Yi lid fault about tho size or prior, 1 
and toll how cheap they had just procured 1 
ft quantity, and John never scorned tomind 1 
it or pay any attention to the awful stories ! 
they told.” 
I think our city friend will remember 
this trip to market for some time, and the 
lesson learned would be a good one for 
every city or oouutry Miss who thinks that 
it is “ j illy ” to be a farmer and have some¬ 
thing to sell in market. 
Amol*phophalltia Riveri.— Nov. 26.— 0 
This new and curious Lropioal-appearing b 
bedding plant, introduced the past season, p 
is likely to become a general favorite, on t( 
account of its luxuriant growth and rapid j t 
multiplication of the tubers. The small 0 
tuber whi«h I procured last Spring was t j 
planted in a large pot and kept there dur- i( 
iug the euliro Summer; but I think it b 
would have succeeded even better in the a 
open groumi Tho stem died down quite 0J 
early this Will, although not exposed to r( 
frost, and upon turning out the roots 1 r „ 
found not only the one 1 irge tuber planted, \\ 
but, quite a number of smaller oues, which ec 
had been produced at the ends of small, a 
subterraneous stems, somewhat similar to 
our common potato. These small tubers 
are about an iuoe in diameter and about u , 
a-half to three-quarters of an inoh thick. | ti 
They ripen and become quite dry and hard y , 
while in the earth, and may be readily pro- ou 
served through Winter in any dry, warm a 
place. At present these tubers command IU 
a high price, but they will soon be cheap jj, 
and within the roach of all who may desire to 
a plant with 6uch a long uamo. t l 
Carbolic Soap for Insects,—Nop. 27.— ri< 
A few days since I tried an experiment ot! 
with carbolic eoap in killing insects upon he 
green-house plants, particularly tho green an 
fly (Aphis), which, a* everybody knows, is an 
a great pest, and one not readily destroyed, fai 
except by fumigating with tobacco — not a 
very agreeable operation to perform upon 
parlor plants or in a conservatory attached 
to a dwelling. My first experiment with 
this soap was a decided success, operating 
upon two hundred roses just in Wooro. and 
'. it was conducted as followsInto a pail of 
warm water I put a lump of soap tho size 
l a small hen's egg. The soap was cut up 
. into small pieces and the water agitated 
j until it was all dissolved, forming a warm 
auds. The water should not be too hot, 
but if not above 120° or thereabout, it will 
do no harm. Into this suds each rosebush 
was plunged (holding the pot inverted in 
the hand) and kept there about a half 
minute. After plunging, the plants were 
set aside for a few minutes, then dipped In 
the same way into clean water, shaking 
them about thoroughly, washing the leaves, 
and then returned to their former place in 
tho house. Whether it was the soap or 
warm water that killed the green fly I will 
not say, but there is one thing certain, they 
are all dead. My next experiment will be 
hot water, heated to various temperatures, 
in order to ascertain which will withstand 
the most heat, Insects or plants. The result 
will be reported, whether a success or 
otherwise, for my green-house is my Win¬ 
ter experimental ground as well as work¬ 
shop and entomological laboratory, if that 
word will convey a correct idea of a place 
where one keeps jars, pots and logs of wood 
tilled with the larvae and pupte of various 
species of beetles, moths and butterflies. 
Pet Animals.— Nov, 28.— John is run¬ 
ning an opposition to my entomology, and 
turning the green-house into a miniature 
zoological garden. An oppossum, several 
rabbits and Guinea pigs are already in the 
collection, and in a flourishing condition. 
Sinoe John has been permitted to keep his 
POt animals in the green-hofisn, I notice he 
is far more attentive to the «re. It appear¬ 
ing to be no trouble for him to visit the 
furnace room late at night and see that 
everything is in order, for the oppossuin 
sleeps through the day and is lively nud 
playful at night, and Is always ready to 
welcome his master at that time. It is 
; strange on what little things our liapplnesB 
often depends; and while we may smile at 
those who bestow care and affection upon 
a low order of animals, the source of these 
feelings is a divine oue, and It is better to 
encourage than oppose them. Parents wlio 
deny their children pets are suppressing, 
by that act, one of the noblest traits of tbe 
human character; and a boy who loves his 
dog or a girl her kitten, are but cultivating 
the growth of one of the divine attributes 
which, in good time, will bo developed into 
alovo for all of God's creatures, and their 
capacity correspond!ugly enlarged for en¬ 
joyment. We must learn to bear with what 
many persons choose to term “follies,” 
and even encourage many traits in others 
tli^t are disagreeable to ourselves, for the 
sake of the greatest good to the greatest 
number. ' 
the greatest amount of compensation — 
both antagonistic. 
The farm hand very rarely has any time 
he can call his own—not even oua Sabbath, 
in some cases. His working hours are from 
the time ho rises in the morning till dark¬ 
ness overtakes him at night. Is it so with 
other classes of manual labor 7 But to the 
remedy. I see none until there is more 
confidence between the employer and his 
men—until the employer makes his help 
know that ho doeR not look upon them as 
mere working machines, to be worked at the 
utmost power, equaling the amount of 
wages paid. He must make them feel they 
are a help to him, that in them lies a part 
of his business; let them know that it is 
not for the money or workable value he em¬ 
ploys them, but as co-workers interested in 
the business. 
Another serious drawback to agricultural 
labor is that there are too many farmers; 
or, rathef, there are too many men in the 
farming profession. 1 do not believe there 
are in tho United States, this day, ten 
farmers out of every hundred who make 
more than a bare living. 1 myself would 
not work for a man who did not farm on a 
profitable basis. I should know that I would 
not reap any advantages in any shape. 
What we want is intelligent labor, not 
merely brute force—labor that will know 
how, when and where, the cause and effect; 
mind and swelling musole aoting together. 
It is foolish to think that such can be had 
for the small pittance of twenty or thirty 
dollars when other branches of business 
hold out greater Inducements. 
But some will say farming cannot afford 
such expensive labor. I think it will. Those 
who cannot make their farms profitable 
enough to pay intelligent labor, must be 
satisfied to go on with 6uch as has strength 
enough to hold the plowhaudles and follow 
the horses. With sill our improved agri¬ 
cultural machinery intelligent farm labor 
is not, nor will it be, equal to the demand. 
Farming must be carried on in the future 
more as a business and not left open to 
every adventurer who has failed in every¬ 
thing undertaken and jumps into farming 
as tho last resource. We see it every day_ 
men buying farms who cau hardly tell an ox 
from a cow, thinking if they cannot do any¬ 
thing else they oan farm. If such thought 
at all, they would kuow that to be a suc¬ 
cessful farmer needs as much tact, energy 
and business qualifications as any trade or 
occupation existing. 
One who has been there. 
New Brunswick, N. J. 
Georgia has about one-eightb of Its lands 
cleared; all the remaining seven-eighths Is 
thickly wooded.fertile land ; about one-thir- 
ty-second, oldfleld, which has been lyiugout 
ever linoe I860,is now rich. Let our young 
farmer friends of the North, who have not 
?200 to spare upon oue acre of northern 
land, oorne down South and settle this vast 
region. Georgia is twice aB largo in area 
as New iork, and yet it has one-fifth cf 
the population. Come South, young men ; 
you are invited; come, if you are houest. 
The feelings engendered by the late war 
are over between us. Come, let us join 
hands and be friendly. c. f. g. 
Madison, Ga. 
Wr, are quite willing Georgia should be 
developed, that her people should prosper, 
that tho people of the North should settle 
within her borders and help reap from her 
*80il and climate an abundant reward for 
honest industry; but we have no doubt 
that we know something about the young 
man referred to in the foregoing letter, 
and have serious doubts whether the whole 
story has been told by our correspondent. 
If It has been told, will C. F. G. give us the 
name and address of the young man who is 
Worth $35,000 made out of the cultivation 
of the soil of the South In six years? The 
people who nre going to settle in any coun¬ 
ty East, West, North or South,—want 
the truth, the whole truth, and nothing 
but tbe truth to guide them. 
f lSl[}Cttltttl[^. 
DOMESTICATED TROUT. 
SOUTHERN LABOR. 
Jiulu5)ti[ial lyrics. 
FARMERS AND FARM LABOR. 
We have heard and read In different agri¬ 
cultural papers, the past year, a great deal 
ou the 6ubjeotof farm labor; and yet there 
has been no definite conclusion arrived at. 
Labor and oapital will, I think, always have 
to join hands and work for one another’s 
interest, for they are both dependent one 
ou the other. So far as I go. I think it is 
the poorest paid occupation and the least 
independent trade a man in anywise am¬ 
bitiously inclined, can follow. For instance, 
a married man working on a farm receives 
ou the average 820 per month and house 
rent. Oat of this $20 there are a wife and 
po?6ibly one or two children to support. 
What is it among three let the wife be ever 
so saving ? True, sometimes be is allowed 
a garden, a pig or a cow. But if the farmer 
raises corn, let me advise you to never let 
your pigs be In better condition than his, 
uo matter how poor his may be. But leav¬ 
ing the money question aside entirely, can 
you show me wbat inducements are held 
out to competent men to take situations ou 
a farm? I see none. They are nothing 
more or less than manual working maoh'mea. 
He that accomplishes the most is expeoted 
to accomplish a little more. What advan¬ 
tages has he compared with the hod car¬ 
riers, coal heavers, street sweepers, or any 
other uuintelleotual laborers ? The rule has 
become, ou the side of farmers, “the least 
amount of compensation for the greatest 
amount (t work;” and on the side of the 
farm hands, “ the least amount of work, for 
I saw a paragraph in the Rural New- 
Y orker of Oct. 12, stating that the negro 
and poor white man of the South would 
never rise. [Our correspondent is mis¬ 
taken. No such language was used by 
ourselves, in the paper referred to. 
Nothing whatever was said about the poor 
whites of the South. We do not, beoause 
we publish a correspondent’s letter, neces¬ 
sarily indorse its contents; but in all oases 
when comments are made upon an article 
previously published, it should be quoted 
truthfully. We, the editors, said nothing 
whatever concerning the negroes or white 
man.— Eds. Rural New-Yorker.] The 
truth is plainly stated in tho Rural of 
Nov. 13, that is, a negro will not take care 
of his money; he will spend it foolishly for 
a §5 shot gun, prize-oandy, etc., before his 
cotton is even made. He will run in debt 
to his employer sometimes to the amount 
of §50 to §100 more than his salary, and 
sometimes more. The wages of tbe negro 
are from §150 to §500 per annum and his 
| board. Can not the young men of the 
North live upon that ? Do you call that 
poor wages for an ignorant person, who oan 
not read nor write ? 
The poor whites generally get from §300 
to §1,500 per annum. You cau see from 
the following that a man of energy can 
prosper in the South. At the close of the 
war, 1866, a young man appeared in our 
midst, having only his horse and brain to 
work with, be engaged earnestly and work¬ 
ed like a man of sense, he is the owner of 
the following property: 1.000 acres of land 
valued at §25 per acre. §25,000; 16 head of 
horses at $150, $2,400; other valuable prop¬ 
erty, about §G,000 lie is worth more than 
§35,000. He raises 100 bales cotton per year, 
upon an average, besides otl;er crops. Is 
this always remaining poor? But in that 
of Ootober 12 is enough to discourage any 
one. 
This is the title of a compact, mealy vol- 
ume near 8; ' )0 pages, by Livingstone 
Stone, M. D., published by James A. Os- 
ooon & Co., Boston, Mass. Mr. Stone is 
well known as a practical pisciculturist, a 
' wrltor upon fish culture, and oan tell, prac¬ 
tically, how to breed and grow trout. It la 
[ a work which every man who proposes en- 
" gaging in the business cun afford, and can- 
* ri °t afford to fail to read. We ha\e not 
spaoe to attempt an elaborate review of it; 
but wo are struck with the oompendious 
recapitulation of its contents and of tbe 
essentials to be observed in breeding, at 
the close of the Volume. This compendium 
wo propose to insert here; 
M ater. Cautions to bo observed in se¬ 
lecting water for trout breeding. Beware 
of—1, insufficient* water; 2, freshets; 3, 
water that heats In summer; 4, water in¬ 
trinsically unsuitable. 
Ponds.—Points to be secured In building 
ponds:— 1, excavate, rather than dam up; 
2, build compactly; 3, build small ponds 
for business; 4, be able to draw off the 
water; 5, avoid hidiug places; 6, protect 
ponds thoroughly. 
Build Inga.—A full set of buildings or 
rooms oousiat of—1, hatching apartment; 
2, meat assortment; 3, store-room and car¬ 
penter s shop; 4, office; 5, ice-house. 
The Hatching Apparatus.—The hatch¬ 
ing apparatus consists of—1, supply reser¬ 
voir; 2, aqueduct; 3, system of filters; 4, 
hatching apparatus proper. 
The ^ urscry,—The points to bo secured 
about a nursery are-1, a fall of water; 2, a 
current; 3, protection from sucking against 
the soreeus; 4, security from overflow; 5, 
abeenoe of fixed hidiug places; 0, oompaot- 
ness: 7, protection against natural ene¬ 
mies; 8, perfectly tight oompartments. 
Taking the Eggs.—The direction for 
taking the eggs are—1. use eggs that flow 
easily, and no others; 2, use ripe milt, and 
no other; 8, make quick work ; 4, stir well 
while stripping; S, allow time for eggs to 
separate; 6, rinse thoroughly. 
Hatching the Eggs. — Dangers.—Tan- 
gus, sediment, Jiving euemies and byssus. 
Remedies.— Carbonized wood, flannel fil¬ 
ters, covers, daily examination. 
Alevin8. — Dangerous instinots —1, to 
hide; 2, to pursue a current of water. 
The Young Fry.—Directions— 1 , have 
healthy, well-fed feeders; 2, develop strong 
and healthy embryos in the egg; 3. provide 
suitable place for young fry; 4, take good 
care of them. 
Large Trout, — Precautions — Guard 
against: 1, freshets; 2, overstocking; 3, 
heated water; 4, careless handling; 5, can¬ 
nibalism; 6. fouled water; 7, natural ene¬ 
mies; 8, poachers. 
How to Grow Very Large Trout.— 
Give them—1, plenty of water; 2. plenty of 
food; 3. (relatively), warm water; 4, *ide 
range; 5. ample space. 
1 he details of this admirable summary 
of this volume are given in lull, and the 
reader hat? an idta of the use it may Le to 
him to study it. J 
