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PEAES AND PEAR CULTURE: 
Essay Read llcfore the Pennsylvania Fruit 
Urowon' Society, Jnu, 19. 
BY E. SATTEKTirWAITE. 
[Continued from page BO, March 4.] 
I.ntc Summer and Early Autumn Pears. 
We next, come to a season comprising the 
last few days in August and the iirst half of 
September, when varieties of good pears are 
so numerous and peaches and other fruit 
generally so plentiful that none but the very- 
best are of much account. This is the sea¬ 
son of the Bartlett, and it must be a very 
fine fruit indeed to compete with it; as a 
consequence there are many good varieties 
ripening about this time that arc hardly 
worth mentioning, and I will notice only 
the most prominent, commencing with the 
earliest, which ripen about the first of Sep¬ 
tember, 
Ananas (V Etc —A fine large pear of the 
most beautiful color and good quality; a 
valuable variety. 
Andrew — Fine size and color; rots too 
soon. 
Cashing — Beautiful light lemon color; 
medium size and first-rate quality ; product¬ 
ive and valuable. 
Golden Beurre of Bilhoa — A most beauti¬ 
ful and first-rate fruit in every respect; but 
the tree appears to be tender and does not 
thrive. 
Doyenne Boussoslc —This wonld be a first- 
rule pear, but it rots so badly with me as to 
be utterly worthless. (This is one of Mr. 
Quinn’s pet varieties.) 
Beurre. d'Amanlis —Poor quality, and rots 
quickly. 
Belle Lucrative — Good size, of the best 
quality, exceedingly productive, but does 
not generally color well, and on that account 
is not a valuable market fruit. 
Bartlett —Of course stands at the bead of 
the list in its season, being first-rate in every 
respect, though its very peculiar flavor is not 
liked by everyone, and with me the tree has 
proved more tender than most other varie¬ 
ties. 
Stevens' Genesee — Not satisfactory; tree 
not thrifty. 
Flemish Beauty —A splendid large pear, 
of the very best quality, but does not com¬ 
monly color well, and rots badly at tlie core. 
The tree, although a very vigorous grower, 
is one of the worst to shed its leaves prema¬ 
turely. 
Ananas , or Henry 4 th —An insignificant 
lit,lie green pear of no account. 
Washington —A beautiful and first-rate 
pear; but the tree appears to be tender and i 
does not thrive. , 
Onondaga , or Swan's Orange — A very i 
large and showy pear, of medium quality; * 
very productive, but rots badly. 
Howto —A very beautiful and very pro- ] 
duc.tive pear, of fair quality; a profitable i 
variety. < 
White Doyenne .—Always cracks. f 
Kingsmlng —A fine large pear, of excellent < 
quality, but does not often color well. A i 
splendid grower. t 
Beurre Capiatnnont —A very beautiful 1 
pear; productive, but poor quality. t 
Des Nonnas —An exceedingly productive * 
ami excellent pear, of medium size; but does 8 
not commonly have much beauty of color. s 
Marie Louise —A fine, large and very pro- 1 
dttcllvo pear, of good quality, and sometimes 
colors beautifully. 
I have given my experience in the above j, 
named sorts, because they are among the 
varieties that arc most, commonly recom¬ 
mended in the books and nursery catalogues; 
and as I cultivate most of them largely, I 
have had good opportunity to judge of t heir 
merits. I will now men lion a few that are ^ 
not so common, but which seem to do re- [ 
markably well, so far as I can judge from a b 
few trees only of a sort. h 
Boston, or Pmneo — Very fine, like Golden v 
Beurre, but a more thrifty tree. ^ 
Clapp's Favorite —I consider this quite au B 
acquisition; it is a splendid, large pear of the M 
best quality, and colors even better than the J 1 ' 
Bartlett, having commonly a red check; it ' 9 
has, however, one bad fault; it rots too soon. ®[' 
Ananas de Courtrai—A fine large and ] Q 
most beautiful pear, of good quality ; a very is 
regular bearer; would seem to be valuable. 
Apothecary —A very large, showy pear. * 
Gerhard's Butter—A. large and very hand- m 
some pear, good quality and productive. pr 
Wrcdow — A remarkable handsome and he 
good pear, but an unthrifty tree. 
Wcstcoit —A handsome, good and very p, 
productive pear. t'u 
a most beautiful sight. It has also proved 
to be a very regular and good bearer; tree 
thrifty and vigorous. A dish of this variety 
that I had on exhibition last fall at the 
show of the Pennsylvania Horticultural So¬ 
ciety attracted far more attention and was 
more admired than any others out of three 
hundred varieties I had on exhibition. Its 
season is a little later than the Bartlett.— 
[To he continued. 
-»♦» ■ ■ ■■ 
THE SALEM GRAPE. 
Grapes for family consumption during at 
least six months of the year, should be a 
luxury so common, that, every family owning 
or occupying a half acre of land might enjoy 
them. Yet not one in a hundred do, for 
that length of time. Some of our best vat ic-, 
ties, however, will not keep, with the best 
care, more than a few weeks. They eiLher 
rot, or lose flavor and become insipid. Hart¬ 
ford, Concord, Adirondnc, Delaware, are 
popular grapes in their season, but cannot, 
(Lbt ($iivinwv. 
^ 6 is 
CELERY CULTURE 
Of late years we have had so much of 
the “scientific culture” put into our garden 
literature, that it is to be feared many per¬ 
sons shrink from an attempt to grow the 
most common vegetable. It is certainly a 
good idea to do everything scientifically, 
but it is not well to throw this veil over the 
eyes of men who are not able to purchase a 
horticultural library or employ a “recom¬ 
mended" gardener from some “ celebrated" 
establishment We presume that as good 
vegetables are grown by non-professionals 
as professionals; the only difference, proba¬ 
bly, between the two, is that the former are 
a little more likely to fail than the latter. 
Celery is one of those vegetables with 
which the amateur often makes his most 
decided failure, although it is oue of the most 
plants growing by careful culture, such as 
frequently stirring the soil and giving water 
when required. 
- +++ - 
STRING BEANS. 
We like to hear those who expect to have 
a good garden, begin to talk about it before 
the season arrives for planting. Lizzie B. 
I says she is fond of string or snap beans, and 
desires us to give her the names of two or 
three of the best varieties. Upon this ques¬ 
tion there is a great diversity of opinion; 
but we will venture to name a few that are 
good, although there may be better. Our 
favorite is the Newington Wonder. The 
pods are long, slender, green, crisp and ten¬ 
der—a wonderfully productive variety. 
Ilef ugee —Pods very tender, good flavor, 
extensively cultivated for pickling. 
Early Valentine — An old favorite, very 
early, and the pods tender and excellent, 
continuing a Jong time in a green state. 
As a pale, snap bean, the Indian Chief is 
perhaps, the best, unless the new Giant Wax 
bean should prove to be superior. To keep 
up a succession and constant supply of 
snap beans during summer, several plant- 
desired information from any one in this 
section, and wishing to obtain it, I thought 
best to write and sec if you could not give 
the same.— Jas. II. Smith. Ovid, Mich. 
The grain in wood is not due wholly to 
the spiral vessels, for there arc a great variety 
of forms of cellular tissue, woody tissue, etc., 
etc., all of which go to make up what is 
generally termed the grain of timber. For 
instance, if wc take a small cross section of 
an cider stalk and examine it under a power¬ 
ful lens, we will find nearly or quite a dozen 
very distinct forms of cells, and only one 
among the number of a spiral form. Beets, 
and many other vegetables, contain vascular 
tissue, and in some the spiral form is fully 
developed. 
Arboriniltnrf. 
As a pale, snap bean, the Indian Chief is THE EUROPEAN LARCH, 
perhaps, the best, unless the new Giant Wax 
bean should prove to he superior. To keep I have just received the Rural New- 
up a succession and constant supply of Yorker Feb. 4tli, and in it find an article 
snap beans during summer, several plant- on European Larch, which closes with an 
ings are necessary; but there is little use of invitation to subscribers to furnish practical 
putting any kind into the ground until it information on some rather new points 
becomes warm. Plant peas early and beans advanced. I have never seen Grigor’s 
late, is a good and safe rule. work, published in Edinburg, referred to in 
putting any kind into the ground until it information on some rather new points 
becomes warm. Plant peas early and beans advanced. I have never seen Grigor’s 
late, is a good and safe rule. work, published in Edinburg, referred to in 
■ 11 ♦- the above article. We have European 
EARLY PEAS. Larches that have blossomed and produced 
- cones for several years—at. least ten years,— 
On the 28lh of August, 1867, I planted a growing in this city, and I am the owner of 
row of Landretr’s Extra Early Peas; they several of them. I have no recollection of 
THE BOYD APPLE. 
be kept into winter. Catawba and Isabella 
can be kept, but they require too long a sea¬ 
son to lie generally cultivated, and hence 
their value is measurably small. The same 
may be said of Iona. Apparently the season 
of some of the new varieties, as En melon 
and Martha, will he short. My.success with 
keeping the Salem, and some others of Rog¬ 
ers' numbers, leads me to suppose that, for 
winter keeping, tirese are not surpassed by 
anything we now have. The Salem, I think, 
is the best. It seems to retain all its rich¬ 
ness and flavor, and if possible, is sweeter 
than in the fall. 
This variety was shown at the winter 
meeting of the Western New York Horti¬ 
cultural Society in fine condition. I have 
them now in a good state of preservation, 
and no doubt shall have April 1st. 
A grape to be a good keeper need not 
have a thick skin; but it should be tough 
and strong. This shots out that destructive 
agent, oxygen, and guards against the too 
frequent changes of temperature. This 
quality of long keeping will be more and 
more in request as people come to recognise 
the importance, both to health and enjoy¬ 
ment, of having choice varieties of grapes 
through all the winter months. In planting 
for family use, a fair proportion should be 
selected of the longer keeping sorts, and the 
same rules should apply in planting for 
market. 
The process for keeping grnpes into win¬ 
ter is not at all difficult or expensive. Dry¬ 
ness and a cool, even temperature are the 
points to be sought after. i. u. b. 
Lock port, N. Y., Feb., 1871. 
- — — - 
POMOLOCIOAL GOSSIP. 
iave had good opportunity to judge of their . rri1 ^ ® H,<1 Apple, 
lif.riic t win , a NOTICE and description of this apple 
nuns. I will now mention a few that are Wft9 ni!U(e un<] p U i,] is i ie ,\ in tIie Ohio State 
mt so common, but winch seem to do re- Horticultural transactions for I860, prepared 
narkably well, so far as I can judge from a ' by Dr. J. A. Warder, but as nothing in 
ew trees only' of a sort. bis description told of the apple's history or 
Boston, or Pmneo —Ver y fine like Golden Vll,ne * 1 have, since the Ohio State Society's 
Beurre but a more ihriftv ’ winter meeting, written for and received 
i ™ tinitty tree. from Mr. Woodson the following,The 
Uapps Favorite—l consider tins quite au Boyd came from McPherson's farm, in 
inquisition; it is a splendid, large pear of the Monroe county, Ivy., and is a seedling in- 
icst quality, and colors even better than the troduced by Alfred and Thomas Boyd. It 
lartlett, having commonly a. red check • it is a valuable late keeper. The tree is a good 
ias, however, one bad fault: it rots too soon slroll g .grower with some inclination to be 
Aytonno At , . straggling and knotty. If makes a good 
' ' ' ” fine large and looking tree when grown. The young wood 
lost beautilul pear, of good quality ; a very is quite dark, with white specks." 
egular bearer; would seem to be valuable. With regard to this being a new seedling. 
Apothecary— A very large, showy pear 1 have nothing, at present, to say ; lime will 
° ’ . - y 1 ‘ prove that; hut the apple is one worthy ot 
.< ut d. Butte) A large ami very hand- uttention of all fruit men; and should it 
aine pear, good quality and productive, prove an old sort, with a new name, it will 
Wrcdow — A remarkable handsome and be none the less valuable, 
ood pear, but an unthrifty tree. A description of the fruit as I have it, 
W<shall- A handsome, good and very aho .'\ t \ n wise:-“Fruit. 
7 T ^ large, oblate, with broad ribs or undula- 
oi uc ivc pear. lions; deep, rich red, overspread on a yellow 
Beurre de Montyeron, or New Frederick of ground ; calyx closed ; basin broad and 
certain crops with the professional gardener; 
the cause of difference in results being at¬ 
tributed to care and culture at the proper 
time. Those who intend growing this vege¬ 
table on a large scale, should always con¬ 
sult the best and most thorough works on 
the subject; but the man who only wants a 
lew hundred head of celery, may produce 
them by adopting the following plan : 
The Sect) Bed. 
Celery seed usually germinates slowly, and 
the pi anti are exceedingly small and tender 
when they first appear, consequently a 
carefully prepared seed bed is positively 
necessary. If there are no hot-beds that 
can be used for this purpose, select a warm 
spot on the south side of a fence or building, 
and as soon as the frost is out of the ground, 
dig up a bed, say three feet wide and ten 
feet long, cover it with fine manure, two to 
four inches deep, and digit in and mix it 
with the soil. Rake the bed level and 
sow the seeds evenly over one-half the sur¬ 
face, leaving the remainder vacant, and for 
use when the plants are large enough for 
their first removal. Pat down the surface 
with the back of a hoe or spade, and this 
will usually cover the seed sufficiently deep; 
if not sift on a very little very fine soil. 
Give the bed a good soaking of tepid water, 
applied through a watering pot with a fine 
rose. It will not do to dash on water with 
a pail or some similar vessel. 
The seed bed must be frequently watered 
until the plants appear, and thereafter suffi¬ 
ciently to keep them growing. If the plants 
come up too thickly, thin them out; but as 
soon as large enough to handle, take up and 
transplant into rows, beginning on the va¬ 
cant end of the bed, placing them four 
inches apart each way; and a bed of the 
size named will hold about three hundred. 
The plants may remain in this position until 
wanted for final planting in the garden, 
which we usually do about the first to mid¬ 
dle of July, Plants that have beeu trans¬ 
planted in the seed bed can be safely removed 
at almost any time, whether the weather is 
moist or dry. 
Finn) Final into 
We adhere somewhat, tenaciously to the 
old practice of trench planting for ordinary 
garden culture, A trench is dug of the re¬ 
quired length, or several of them, four feet 
apart, and one spade deep, which, as a gen¬ 
eral thing, will not be more than six or 
came up, and were growing well, when, on 
the morning of Oct,. 8th, while they were 
full of small pods and blossoms, we had a 
sharp frost that froze the vines quite stiff 
and killed every blossom and pod on them. 
The vines were left, and continued to grow 
as well us before, hut did not produce an¬ 
other blossom. The practical lesson learned 
from the above experience was, that while 
we may get frosts sharp enough to kill blos¬ 
soms or pods, it would not injure the vines. 
If wc want early peas, acting on the above 
experience, we must plant early. 
Ou the 17th of February, 1868, I planted 
two rows of Landrktiih’s Extra Early Peas; 
M arch 17th, they appeared above ground 
and, although we had some very rough 
weather, and the vines were frozen stiff sev¬ 
eral times, they grew well, and on the 30th 
ol April they commenced blossoming; on 
the 4ih of May they presented a fine display 
of blossoms; we gathered them on May 26th. 
They were a few days earlier than any other 
peas grown around here; they produced an 
abundant crop; soil, good loam, fifteen 
inches, on clay subsoil. 
Carter’s First Crop Pea is earlier than 
Landketh’s Extra Early, in this vicinity. 
On the 1st of March, 1869, I planted two 
rows of Carter's First Crop Pea by the side 
of two rows of Landretu’s Extra Early 
Peas; they appeared above ground April 
9th. The month of March was unfavorable 
to vegetation. The Carter’s commenced 
blossoming May 9th, and Landreth’s May 
13th. I gathered Carter’s June 4th, and 
Landretii’s June 8ih; each produced an 
abundant crop. e. 
Brighton, N. Y. 
GARDEN NOTES. 
The Trophy Tomato. 
Geo. W. Wilson of Ohio writes “ Last 
spring I received a package of the Trophy 
Tomato seed, which were planted in a hot¬ 
bed, and the plants grew vigorously. The 
fruit ripened very early. One tomato, not 
the largest on the vines, measured sixteen 
inches in circumference. MoBt of the to¬ 
matoes are smooth as an apple and very 
solid, containing few seeds, and cutting like 
a round of beef steak. To sum up:—The 
vines are vigorous growers and enormous 
bearers, while the fruit is large and smooth, 
ripening unusually early and being very 
solid, so that little goes to waste in cooking; 
and in flavor it is all that can be desired.” 
A Cheap IIot-Bed. 
As many of your readers have no regular 
hot-lied, 1 propose to give them here a cheap, 
simple and effectual plan—one within the 
reach of everybody. Get a common, large 
“W” goods box—as large as you like, or 
several of them if you need so many. Fill 
it with fresh, dry stable manure, and water 
it gently as you put it in. When the box is 
two-thirds full, put on about two or three 
eight inches, and about a foot wide. This ’ nc * ies °* rich, fine soil, and sow your seed; 
Wurtethbcrg—The, few trees I have of this 
vat iety have proved the most valuable of any 
that 1 have. It is the most beautiful pear I 
ever saw ; size from medium to large, very 
uniform in size and shape ; quality generally 
good; most remarkable for coloring uni¬ 
formly, with a brilliant, red cheek, and re¬ 
maining in this way on the tree for weeks— 
deep; stem set in a broad open cavity; 
flesh yellowish, moderately juic.y, a little 
tough, subacid, and of good flavor; core 
with large hollow capsules, abundant in 
seeds.— f. r. e. 
Bose Bed Apple. 
May not the apple in Report of J. J. 
Thomas ns “ Rose Rod ” be the same as 
llosy Hcd of Downing ?—e. 
trench is then half filled with fine stable 
manure, and this is mixed into the soil in 
the bottom of the trench. The trench, when 
thus prepared, will be about four indies 
deep, exclusive of the soil, which has been 
thrown out upon either bank. The plants 
are then set in the center of the trench six 
inches apart, and, after planting, carefully 
watered. The reason why we like the 
shallow trench is the convenience of water¬ 
ing, as when applied it is sure to reach the 
roots and not spread over the surface, as 
when level culture is adopted. From this 
time forward, until the blanching is com¬ 
menced, all that is required is to keep the 
then put a common window sash—or make 
one to fit—over it, and put the box in a sun¬ 
ny spot, sheltered from the north and west 
winds. Water occasionally, and give air on 
hot days, You will thus have plenty of fine 
plants at small cost. Even a common bar¬ 
rel will answer a pretty good purpose.— 
Woodman. 
Grain !u Vegetables. 
We are told, and it is generally acknowl¬ 
edged, that the grain in timber is occasioned 
by its spiral growth. Now, if this is what 
makes the grain in timber, what is it that 
occasions the grain in the beet and other 
vegetables. Not having been able to get the 
i seeing catkins of any color except rod ; hut 
' it is quite possible there may be some here. 
Regarding the sowing of seeds from Illi¬ 
nois trees, that cannot be tested for many 
years yet; for, although wc have trees that 
have produced bushels of cones for several 
years, we have not yet found any perfect 
seeds. Thinking this remarkable, I wrote 
to our mutual friend, Titos. Meeiian, and lie 
replied that he had never known the Euro¬ 
pean Larch to produce perfect seeds in this 
country. This is not remarkable, however, 
as Balsam Firs, standing within two or 
three rods of my larches, and two or three 
years older, although producing cones liber¬ 
ally for several years, do not. give more than 
one plump seed for ten to twenty blind seeds. 
The Balsam Fir being much the shorter 
lived tree should produce perfect seeds pro¬ 
portionately earlier. 
You may, as 1 do, think it strange that the 
Duke of Athol’s trees, brought from the 
Tyrol, (see A. J. Downing’s “Landscape 
Gardening,” old edition,) should produce 
red-hearted trees, while the seeds from the 
same locality should produce while-hearted 
trees. Wm. Bryce of Glasgow,' Scotland, 
quotes “Tyrolese seeds" in Ids catalogue 
about thirty percent, higher than the Scotch, 
or rather thirty per cent, higher than simply 
larch seeds. Now the common understand¬ 
ing has been, not that either one or the other 
was diseased, or that one would produce 
white and the other red wood, but that the 
Tyrolese seeds being gathered from older 
trees produced more prefect seeds in pro¬ 
portion to the imperfect ones. 
There is a peculiarity about larch seeds 
worth mentioning here, viz:—that the Mind 
seeds are so near the weight of the plump 
ones that they cannot be separated. This is 
probably owing to the shell being quite thick 
in proportion to the size of the seed. It is 
not uncommon to see in European tree seed 
catalogues, larch quoted as of excellent 
quality, forty per cent, that will germinate; 
nothing will be said about the spruces, pines, 
or firs, that will germinate ninety per cent. 
Seed collecting in Scotland is an extensive 
and important interest, and it must beguiling 
to collectors to see the Tyrolese seeds held 
in higher repute by their own seedsmen. 
Still it Avould not be generous to impute sel¬ 
fish motives to the Scotch seed collectors; at 
the same time we would want, strong proofs 
to convince us that the Tyrol trees that were 
red-liearted when the Duke of Athol’s trees 
were introduced, now produce seeds that 
grow white-hearted trees. 
As neither you or 1 were ever in Scotland, 
and may never be there, let us compare this 
red and white theory in the European Larch, 
with the red and white facts in the Ameri¬ 
can Larch. Michaux says the American 
Larch grown farther North, is an upland 
tree; and that it reaches a very large size, is 
well known. Grown there, it is red-hearted; 
the Canadians call it Epinette rouge , from its 
red wood. So much did it differ in appear¬ 
ance, that Loudon classed it as a variety, 
calling it Larix Americana rubra; but now 
all the botanists, I believe, agree that it is the 
same tree. As the American Larch is a red- 
wooded tree in the British Possessions, where 
it grows in higli laud, and white-wooded 
where it grows in swamps, may it not he 
that these white-hearted European Larches 
are planted on low ground? (I recollect, 
very many years since, of hearing that the 
Scotch planters had become alarmed about 
their larches, .fearing they were becoming 
diseased, but finally found that it was only 
the trees that stood on low, wet ground.) 
Sir T. D. Lander, writing of the Euro- 
