shire. As the crosses -were made some 
thirty-five or forty years ago, atid have since 
been carefully and judiciously bred and im¬ 
proved by Mr. Mag ns and others, this may 
be regarded as a permanently established 
breed.—J. Karnes, Highland Co., Ohio. 
by the working of the frame. Over ridges 
and through hollows, the independent action 
of the cutter is perfect, enabling either end 
to raise or fall without affecting the other. 
In addition to this, it has an independent 
rolling, rocking or wabbling motion, which 
is a very important feature when the machine 
is used in mowing, as it enables the points of 
the guards to raise over bogs, ant-bills, loose 
stones, or projecting ledges or rocks. It also 
enables the operator to change the bight of 
cut. at pleasure, when the machine is in mo¬ 
tion. 
All the machines made this year have the 
Revolving Self-Rake attachment, which is a 
marvel of simplicity and effectiveness, in all 
conditions of the grain, whether tangled or 
lodged, long or short, delivering the bundles 
neatly, at the rear of the platform, out of the 
way of the next round. Bee advertisement, 
and send for illustrated pamphlet, s. d. h. 
convince us that the affection is a very fre¬ 
quent one, and liable to bo exceedingly fatal; 
or, if not fatal, to produce prolonged aud ex¬ 
haustive disease.” 
Trichina. 
The following is from the Journal of Chem¬ 
istry :—“ The frequent occurrence of deaths 
from the presence of these parasites in (he 
huinau system creates alarm on the part of 
nearly all pork-eaters. Pork infected with 
the worm is generally darker than usual, 
and it, presents a speckled appearance to the 
naked eye. When pork is eaten containing 
the parasite, the cyst in which it is involved 
is quickly dissolved by the gastric juice, and 
the creature Is set free. Finding itself in the 
midst, of nourishing food, it rapidly grows; 
ao that in twoor three days it is four limes its 
original size, and begins to penetrate deep 
into the muscles of the victim. To do this 
it bores through the walls of the intestines, 
producing terrible mischief. The most ex¬ 
cruciating pain is produced from the Inflamed 
muscles, and the patient dies in great agony. 
The pig is most, commonly infested by the tri¬ 
china ; but they have been found in the 
muscles of dogs, rats, foxes, frogs, moles, 
and most carnivorous birds. Thorough 
cooking of pork destroys the life of the para¬ 
site; and, therefore, no cold raw 1mm, 
sausages, or uncooked pork in any form 
should be used.” 
uraltst 
A SIX MONTHS’ MAGIE BOAR, 
DAILY RURAL LIFE 
From the Dinrj’ of n Cat* tit 1 pin an near Now 
York City. 
April 17.—Received a few hundred small 
Hemlock Spruce from a nursery, and pro¬ 
ceeded immediately to plant them. As the 
ground in which they were to be planted 
was rather light, (It being a sandy loam,) I 
feared that every fibrous root would not, 
come in close contact with soil, unless some 
precaution was taken, such as puddling or 
dipping them in water j oat before placing in 
the trench. Either will do, but the surest 
plan is to puddle. I usually select a place 
whore there is a little or considerable clay in 
the soil, and dig a hole large enough to hold 
two or more pail fulls of water. Fill the hole 
with water, and stir in soil sufficient to make 
the mixt ure of a consistency of thin mortar. 
Take a handful of the plants and dip their 
roots into the puddle, and lay aside, being 
careful to have all the roots thoroughly cov¬ 
ered, then proceed to plant. If no clay is at 
hand, loam or muck from the swamps will 
answer the purpose, I have found from long 
experience, that a little time expended in 
this kind of preparation for planting small 
evergreens, is a profitable investment. And 
further, I think it is a good idea, and worthy 
of being more generally put into practice 
with all kinds of small trees. These little 
evergreens, not more than a foot high, will 
in two or three years be fine plants for hedges 
or groups, and they cost but a trifle now, 
and in a few years will ha worth a lmlf dollar 
or more each. I have found it a very eco¬ 
nomical plan to grow my own evergreen 
and other trees. Buy them when small and 
plant thickly in nursery rows, and thin out. 
as they increase in size, and in this way l al¬ 
ways have trees at, hand to put out when and 
where, wanted, without scarcely knowing or 
feeling the least burden in regard to expense. 
April 18— A cloudy day, with a few light 
showers. A splendid time for setting out 
strawberry plants, and we have improved it. 
The ground was all ready, and had been for 
several days, waiting for favorable weather. 
From a half-dozen plants of "President 
Wilder,” received last year, I had plants 
enough to set. a bed one hundred feet long, 
of three rows. This new sort promises well, 
hence the preference in planting it first. 
The Kentucky, Matilda and Michigan fol¬ 
lowed next, in order of new varieties of 
promise. Among the old ami reliable sorts 
I give the Wilson, Triomphe de Gaud, Boy- 
den’s No. 80, Brooklyn Scarlet, Barnes 
Mammoth, Green Prolific, and Chas. Down¬ 
ing a prominent, place in my garden, as they 
have never failed to yield a good crop of 
choice fruit. Nicanor, Napoleon III,, Ju- 
cunda, and many other kinds which are said 
to succeed admirably in some localities, have 
always disappointed me at the time of gath¬ 
ering their fruit. 
April 10. — Spring flowers are making 
their appearance with wonderful rapidity; 
particularly those growing wild. Among 
the more common, I notice the following in 
full bloom. Dog-Tooth Violet, or Adder’s 
Tongue, ( Erythronium Amcricanum /) yel¬ 
low and white (E. albidum;) squirrel corn, 
( Dicent.ro, Canadensis;) also the Dutchman’s 
Breeches, ( Dicentra, Cucullaria,) both beauti¬ 
ful little plants and as worthy of cultivation 
as their more showy relative from China, 
the Dicentra speetafniis. The little Spring 
Beauty ( Clni/tonm\ Virginv'a) begins to show 
its pink flowers, and calls to mind Hie good 
old botanist, John Clayton, who died a 
hundred years ago, and in whose honor this 
plant was named, and will carry it down to 
all future generations, and thus become a 
monument more enduring than marble or 
granite. I would rather have my name at¬ 
tached to such a little plant than know it 
was blazoned upon bronze or granite, and 
likely to he overthrown and destroyed by 
mobs or revolutionists. 
Apnl 30.—Cherry and peat'll trees in full 
bloom ; also apricots and nectarines. A se¬ 
vere frost would destroy the present fine 
prospect, for a large crop of these fruits. 
Strawberries, particularly the early sorts, 
would also he injured; although, if a few of 
the first flowers are cut off, others will he 
produced. Gooseberries and currants in 
bloom,'and the leaves almost fully developed. 
April 21. — Received from the Rural 
New-Yorker oftb-e a Horned Toad, (Phry- 
nosama regale—G\n\nr >,)sent tty W S. Cm- 
Chester of Texas. His toadahip came to 
band by post, packed in a tin box; and al¬ 
though he had been fourteen days making 
the journey, he seemed to he in good health. 
Tliis singular-looking reptile is covered with 
a coat of mail, bristling with horns, a terror 
to children and timid women, hut exceed¬ 
ingly interesting to a naturalist, l sliull en¬ 
deavor to cultivate his acquaintance, and 
have no doubt wo shall become very good 
friends. 
April 22 — Commenced raining this morn¬ 
ing, hill at noon cleared, when i ordered my 
working force to plant a few more strawber¬ 
ries; also Iramjpmnted and divided a few 
choice shrubs. Peas and early potatoes, that 
have been showing a few green leaves above 
ground for the past two weeks, seem to re¬ 
main about in the same condition, and I begin 
to doubt if I have gained much by making 
baste in planting. Perhaps the roots are 
gathering strength for a bold push whenever 
the weather becomes favorable for growth. 
In your issue of April 15th, under the cap¬ 
tion above, one “ H. G.” gives the weight 
and age of a Magie boar, and the manner of 
feeding, and asks “ what reader can beat 
this (tbe boar) with a Chester White?” He 
says he fed his boar three ears of dry corn, 
“ morning and evening, and his drink con¬ 
sists of dish water,” and his pig, at six and 
a-half mouths’ old, weighs 215 lbs. Let us 
look at this statement For two aud a-half 
months from birth, it is not probable that 
this pig ate much “dry corn.” Allow his 
pig to weigh 71 pounds at two and a-half 
months' old, the corn and tbe dish water in 
the next four months produced 144 pounds 
of increase. Six cars of corn a day for four 
months would make 720 ears. It takes 140 
ears to make a bushel, and 720 ears would 
make five and one-seventli bushels of corn, 
which would weigh 288 pounds, giving one 
pound of pork for two pounds of corn 1 
This looks a lillle fishy, but may he account¬ 
ed for when the richness of the “ dish water” 
is considered. 
I raised a Chester White boar which is 
over a year old now. I gave him all lie 
would eat of corn and dishwater, with the 
general offal thrown into it from the kitchen. 
When he was six weeks old he weighed 44)£ 
pounds. He was not weighed again until 
he was seven months and ten days old. He 
then weighed 312 pounds, being 97 pounds 
heavier than the pig of F. G., aud nearly 
four pounds per day for the difference in the 
age of the two pigs. From this statement, 
your readers can judge which was the best, 
pig, the Chester White nr the Magie. 
Lvsanokr W. Babbitt. 
Corn Menl and the Growth of IMks. 
Say to your Vidalia, La., correspondent, 
(in Rural New-Yorker of April 8th,) that 
I know, from experience, that six-months- 
old pigs have grown, for several weeks in 
succession, at the rate of one pound (live 
weight) for every three and one-half pounds 
of corn meal eaten. At tbe prices he gives, 
(viz., corn $1.10 per bushel, and pork 22 
cents per pound,) this would make what a 
Northern farmer would call a very good 
profit. If your correspondent,, or "any 
other man,” expects to attain this ratio of 
increase, he will find it necessary, 1st, to 
have good, thrifty pigs to feed ; 2d, comfort¬ 
able quarters for them ; and 3d, to feed them 
regularly, aud just as much and novwre than 
they will eat.—T. Newton, Jr., Henrietta, 
h. r. 
utnralist 
THE TERRIBLE TRICHINOSIS, 
John C. Dawson, M. D., Professor of 
Physiology and Microscopic Anatomy, pub¬ 
lishes a long and exceedingly interesting 
paper on this subject, from which we make 
the following extract: 
“ The pig seems to be the animal naturally 
the most liable to trichinosis. He is certain¬ 
ly more liable to this disease than any other 
animal used for food—neither sheep nor the 
ox being subject to It. It lias been found in 
this country, by investigations In Chicago in 
1866, that of all the pigs brought to market 
in that city, one in fifty is infected with tri¬ 
china. This shows that we are all in danger 
of being infected by the use of pork, unless 
measures be taken in preparing the meat to 
destroy the vitality of the worms. Smoking 
and salting will not do this effectually. Only 
thorough cooking is to be relied on as a safe¬ 
guard. It is remarkable that most, if not all, 
of the cases of trichinosis in this country, 
thus far, have occurred among the Germans. 
This is because they have the habit—not 
otherwise common here—-of eating ham, 
sausages, and even sometimes fresh pork, 
nearly or quite in the uncooked state. 
" To kill the worms, the ham must not only 
he salted and smoked, but it must be cooked 
and cooked thoroughly. Now, if you bear 
in mind that one pig in fifty is infected with 
trichina, yon will, perhpos, think many 
times before putting between your lips a 
OARHARTS TW0-H0RSE CULTIVATOR 
Will the Parrot Tnlk? 
A lady at Petersburg, Vu., bought a par¬ 
rot of a traveling bird fancier, who asserted 
that it would certainly talk; but “ poor Poll ” 
has failed to master the English language, 
and onr correspondent asks some of our read¬ 
ers, experienced in educating parrots, to tell 
her how she shall loosen “ Poll’s” tongue. 
In the midst of the city of Syracuse, N. 
Y., where the land is worth $100 a foot, 
front, is a four-acre tract owned by Chris¬ 
topher Columbus Bradley, and his son, 
Chris., mostly covered by extensive shops 
and warehouses, for the manufacture of va¬ 
rious agricultural implements, chief among 
which are Johnston’s Belf-Raking Reaper, 
(otherwise called “ (jlnimpion-Kiug-Sweep- 
stukes,") the light, two-horse Economy Mow¬ 
er, (which is durable, simple and cheap,) the 
Independent-Tooth, Sulky Hay Rake; the 
Scotch Harrow ; Steel-Blade Road Scraper; 
Fine Tooth Cultivator; Horse-Hoe, with 
adjustable wings; Dairymen’s Milking Stool, 
&c., &c. 
But the article of manufacture by C. C. 
Bradley & Son. to which we wish to call 
particular attention at this time, is Carhart’s 
Patent Two-Horse Cultivator, ns represented 
in the accompanying engraving. This Cul¬ 
tivator consists of a stout wooden frame, in 
which the shanks of the hoes are used as 
bolts to hold the pieces together. The hoes 
are in two ranks, with four in the front and 
five in rear rank, so set as to cover the whole 
breadth of surface passed over. 
5>cirntific ttnb 
APPLES FOR SWINE. 
So much has been written showing the 
value of apples as food for stock of all kinds, 
that it appears almost, useless to add there¬ 
to; but as it is said "you can never have 
too much of a good thing,” perhaps my 
mite of experience may be of avail. A few 
years since, finding myself short of supply 
of other food for a pen of five pigs that bad 
been kept most of tbe summer on weeds and 
the slop from my kitchen, and having on tny 
premises an orchard mostly composed of na¬ 
tive sorts of apples, I commenced, in Sep¬ 
tember, feeding them to my pigs—at first 
only a few, say half bushel at a time to the 
five, and increasing as I found they ate 
freely aud seemed to improve thereon. I 
continued feeding until near the last of Oc¬ 
tober, my pigs gaining rapidly, when, as my 
apples were nearly gone, I bethought me of 
killing, aud was told that the pork would be 
good for nothing, and that I must finish off 
with corn. Well, I butchered one pig, then 
procured corn and fed alternate apple and 
corn for about three weeks, when I butchered 
the remainder. All the pork was as good 
as I ever saw or ate; nor could I detect any 
difference in that of the first killing, fed and 
fattened alone on apples, aud that of the 
corn finished lot. Frank Amon. 
[Concluded from page 305, tills No.J 
69. Wooden shell in section. 
70. Crossed fastening. The turns of the 
cable, passing hi front of the post, B, are 
crossed at the back of C, in tbe direction 1, 
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, tbe end, 8, being secured to 
the cable. 
71. Woodeu shell. 
72. Double-chain fastening. 
73. Lashing for “ ram” block, or “ dead- 
eye.” The ram blocks, a and b, are strapped 
by the cords, e, which hold them ; the small 
lanyards, d, pass through the holes to make 
the connection, and ns they are tightened 
give the requisite tension to the cordage; 
the ends are fastened to the main rope. 
Usually one of these dead-eyes is held by 
an iron strap to the point where it is required 
to fix and strain the cordage, which is ordi¬ 
narily a shroud. 
74. Chain fastening. 
1’, Simple band, showing the upper side. 
2’. The same, showing the under side of 
the knot. 
3’. Tie, with crossed ends, commenced ; a 
turn is taken under the strands, to hold the 
ends of the cord. 
4’. The. same, completed. 
5’. Bend with crossed strands, commenced, 
the one end being looped over the other. 
6 ’. The same, completed. 
7’. Necklace tie, seen on the upper side. 
8’. The same, seen underneath. The 
greater t he strain on the cords, the tighter 
the knot becomes. 
9’ and 10’ are similar splices to 7’ and 8’, 
with slight modifications. 
11' shows the commencement of 13’, the 
legs in elevation; 12’ being a front view. 
An ordinary hand, mafic by several turns of 
a small rope, is lapped round them and 
hauled taut, and then interlaced at the ends. 
This done, the legs are shifted into the shape 
of a Bt. Andrew’s cross. Tims the lashing 
is tightened, and, for further security, we 
pass tha line several limes over the tie aud 
between the spars, knotting the ends. 
13. Portuguese knot. This is a lashing for 
shear legs, and must be tight, enough to pre¬ 
vent the spars slipping on each other; the 
crossing of the two legs gives a means of 
securing the knot 
14. For binding timbers; a, knot com¬ 
menced. Take several turns round the tim¬ 
bers, and fasten the ends by pa -sing them 
under the turns; b, knot, completed. The 
end of a round stick, m n, termed a packing 
stick, should be passed under the km>b, the 
cord being slack enough to allow of this. 
By turning the stick, the turns can he tight¬ 
ened to any extent; when light, we fast¬ 
en the longer arm of the lever to some 
fixed point, by a rope, p q , so that it cannot 
fly hack. Cnro must be taken not to turn 
tbe slick too far, or the rope may be broken. 
As the timber dries and shrinks, the lever 
may be used to make all taut again. 
BLACK TOOTH IN PIGS. 
We saw in Rural New-Yorker of April 
6th, an article telling C. F. T. of Pittsfield, 
N. Y , what he should do with his pigs. Not 
knowing C. F. T.’s trouble, I will not try to 
prescribe for them ; but will say, do not pull 
their teeth. As for “ black tooth,” there is no 
such disease; and if any of the many readers 
ol the Rural thinks otherwise, let him ex¬ 
amine the teeth of the healthiest, and he will 
find as many black teeth as with the most 
puny one. A neighbor lately called, who 
said his pigs were dying with black tooth, 
and that he had extracted many of them. 
Having about fifty hearty pigs at the time in 
my pen, he was convinced that Ids pigsdied 
from want of sufficient milk from the sow, 
instead of black tooth. Am sorry that any 
one should recommend so foolish and cruel 
a practice through the columns of a journal 
so extensively read as the Rural New- 
Yorker. A. E. McEwen. 
Lawrenceville, N. Y., 1871. 
piece of pork, or ham, or sausage, in the raw 
state. You will be certain that it is cooked. 
One of the worst cases of trichinosis that has 
come under my observation was caused by 
eating pork chops which were rare or slight¬ 
ly underdone. Now, these chops were well 
enough cooked *.n the outside; but on the 
inside they were red and juicy, and the dan¬ 
ger was precisely the same as if the patient 
had taken the meat entirely raw. In order 
to destroy the vitality of trichina, the meat 
should he subjected to a temperature of 212° 
F. Now, if you will boil a ham for half an 
hour, or even an hour, you do not necessari¬ 
ly subject all parts of it to that temperature. 
In tbe central parts of tbe ham. the tempera¬ 
ture will not rise to that point unless the 
boiling has been long continues I speak of 
this particularly, as it is a very important 
matter. A temperature of less than 160° F. 
does not destroy the trichina. As shown by 
direct experiment, therefore, a piece of tri- 
chiuous meat, any part of which has not 
been raised to or above this point, is just as 
dangerous as if it were taken in the raw state. 
“ These are the chief points of importance 
in regard to the trichina and trichinosis. The 
disease is fatal enough, frequent enough, and 
revolting enough to induce us to take all 
possible measures to prevent it. And T do 
not think that anything is sufficient for this 
but a personal examination of every piece of 
pork, ham, bacon or sausage used as food, to 
see that every part of it has been subjected 
to a thorough cooking process. 
“There are other hints of considerable in¬ 
terest with regard to the rapidity with which 
the human subject, may be infected, the great 
number of persons who may become infected 
by eating the product of a single slaughtered 
animal, and the degree of fatality attending 
the disease. Enough, however, is known to 
PIG-PEN PAPERS. 
THE DODGE R EAPER AND MOWER. 
During a recent visit to Auburn, N. Y., 
we investigated tbe establishments of the 
Dorse & Stevenson Manufacturing Com¬ 
pany, and found them in full blast, with a 
goodly number of the Dodge Reaper and 
Mower aud Self-Rake in their spacious ware¬ 
houses, from which they were daily shipping 
machines to all parts of the country. The 
Dodge Harvester is comparatively a new 
machine,but has already established a repu¬ 
tation for compactness, lightness of draft, 
excellence and elegance of workmanship and 
finish, combined with great strength aryl 
adaptation to all kinds of work. 
An important feature is the double joint 
finger-bar, which allows it to follow the sur¬ 
face of the ground, without being affected 
Kidney Worm*. 
T. H. W., Collaraer, Onondago Co., N. Y. 
Your pigs ate doubtless affected by kiduey 
worms. See Rural New-Yorker April 8, 
page 218 for mode of treatment. 
The Poland aud Hi* China, 
nt"’ a ° ie h,) £' llle y arc termed in some 
places, arc a black and white, spotted breed; 
the spots small; tbe black m the hair only 
dominlr 1“*’ in "Wcl, ‘he white pre- 
we e tUc s l“«. when Ibey 
band Tl e' OI,t 18 “ W ' M l “ r « ,! as » man’s 
and they were produced by a cross of 
B) field, and subsequently improved bv 
crosses with the Irish Grazier and Berk 
Alligator Shoe*. 
A Boston paper says:—The new style of 
American shoes in vogue, in imitation of 
alligator leather, is very popular. This su- 
ariau imitation originated at Woodlnirn, 
Mass., in January last, and all the shoe 
towns are now making alligator hoots and 
shoes. And there is no doubt, from present 
Indications, that pebbled goat and all varie¬ 
ties of grained patterns, will give way to the 
new alligator imitations. In fact, Hliiratnr 
stock, as a fancy brand, is the highest priced 
stodk in the market. 
