ropes, A B, knotted together, being drawn as 
tight as possible; we unlay the strand, a\ of 
the rope, A, for half the length of the splice, 
and twist the strand, V, of the rope, B, strong¬ 
ly in its place, tying a' and b’ together tightly. 
The same process is again gone through on 
the rope, B, the strand, a", of the rope, A, be¬ 
ing knotted to the strand, b\ of the rope, B. 
When all the strands are thus knotted to¬ 
gether, we Interlace them with the strands of 
the cable. Thus the strands, a o' <i\ are in- 
40. Belaying-pin opened to serve as a but¬ 
ton ; these arc used where it is necesary to 
stop or check velocity. 
41. Chain knot, or fastening. 
43. Variable or regulating lashing. By 
laying the piece, a /, horizontally, it can ho 
slipped along the rope, b ; by raising or low¬ 
ering this we shall raise or depress the weight, 
e, the cord b, running over the t wo pulleys, d, 
from the piece, af, in the direction shown iu 
the figure. The friction of the cord, b, pass¬ 
ing through the hole, 
_ — ^ e, sufficiently fixed 
the piece, a /, and 
/yT/V\ ll0,(ls ll,tJ weight, c, 
T5-, wit, 
three ties. 
* D 1£ 1,1 e cord. 
^ The piece, a /, 
~k j - r X/TZ T*. a stay. 
-JLj .,f', '4b. Loop for slip- 
^ ping other lines. 
/ i „ 49 • A “bond ” 
which is only used 
lor fear of the stop- 
g—>—_ r pers snapping. 
50. Bastard loop, 
\ made on the end of 
/ __ the rope, and whip- 
0 P°d w ith yarns. 
^ 51. Tie to pins; a, 
r mi the P' n ; 5, 8 m a 1 i 
t j cords fixed by a cross 
1 iff 52 . Gleet, fixed to 
the “ rail,” either 
\ with screws or nails, 
( 0 -vvliicli ^ the lines 
Tig. 12.. Jt/j 53. Waterman’s 
55. Tie, or bend to 
56. Simple fnsten- 
Fui 11: f) 57 ‘ fastening by 
^ / j a loop. This can he 
t tied or untied with- 
\ out loosening the 
' > vV loo P itself. It is 
. made by following, 
\ towards the longer 
^ loop, the direction as 
■- numbered 1,2, 3,4, 
Tj} 5, and is terminated 
by the loop, (5, 7, 8, 
V\ finally passing it 
,|V) over the head of the 
n liSfe-A post, A. This knot 
** i * ^A £^ • holds itself, the turns 
^~z -. being in opposite di- 
reelions. To unite 
___ f it,we slack the turns 
f /■ •/ V •, '-'1^ • of the cable sufil- 
jfV'’ ciently to again pass 
fFLM the loop, 6,7, 6, over 
vyHSir - the post., A, and turn 
\,. N /. the ends in the con- 
trary direction to 
VVT that in which they 
Aid.Mm'-: ' (L V^> were made (as 5,4, 
29. This splice is not, however, very strong, 
and is only used when there is not. time to 
make a long splice, w T bich is much the best. 
34 and 35. Marlin-spikes. Tools made 
of wood or iron, used to open out a rope to 
pass the strands of another through it. 
36 Shows strands arranged as described 
in No. 30. 
37. Fastening wheu a lever is used, and is 
employed when hauling upon large ropes, 
where the strength of several is necessary. 
button, a, is made with the strands, a , and 
b, with those of the rope, b. 
23. Slip clinch to sailors' knot. 
24. Slip clinch, secured. 
25. Ordinary knot upon a double rope. 
26. Bowline kuot for a man to sit in. 
27. Called a “ short splice,” as it is not of 
great length, and besides, can be made 
quickly. 
30. Long splice. This extends from a to 
b. We unlay the strands of each of the 
mntifu; antr fftsjcful 
KNOTS AND SPLICES. 
1. Turn used in making up ropes. 
2. End tapered for the purpose of passing 
it readily through a loop. To make this, we 
unlay the rope for the necessary length, re¬ 
ducing a rope diminishing iu diameter to¬ 
wards the end,which 
is finished by inter- l | |<|r rrT / N 
lacing the ends with- f j / A 
out cutting them, as <t'V 
it would weaken < C v /& j 
the work; it is last- - -c 
ly “ whipped” with SSIj 0[ l| 
small twine. |j I 
3. Tapered end, ^*s-s***j3 |[ i j JL 
covered with inter- 1 k&K 
laced cordage for 
the purpose of mak- Tig. 17. 
ing it stronger. This ^ 3 
is done with very ^ 
small twine attached 
at one end to the '*** 
small eye, and at the 
other to the strands \ lAj 53. 
of the rope, thus y 
making a s t r o n g . 
“ webbing” around 
4. Double tun: y 
used for making ^ 
5. Eye splice. ^ 
The strands of the ' t JV 
cable are brought V0£n) Tig.55. 
back over them- lT»[ 
selves, and interlaced yUT'" 
with tiieir original ffl 
turns, as iu a splice. 
6. Tie for tbo end 7 ^*^" 
of a four-strand rope. X Tin $7. /~ 
7. The same com- 
pleted; the strands . s. 
are tied together, '-AMe 
forming loops, lay- f 
ing one over the 
8. Commoucement 
for making the end . bty*' 
by interlacing the Jpj 
ft. Interlacing com- V // 
plete, but not fast- ^ 
10 and 11. Shell in 
two views used in ff) 
No. 65, showing the ^ 
disposition of it at " T * ’ 
the throat. This 
joining is advanta- 
geous, as it does not A .A' m 'j 
strain the cords, and JgA' ffi,, | 
it prevents them tTf » Vm 
from cutting each wf 
other; so that the V. 
rings pass one into ^ 
the other, and are 
joined outside the ffllf ? 
intermediate shell. S 
12. Interlacing in 
two directions. A& 
13. Mode of finish- TiglZ. rnffo. 
ing the end by seve- 'V j & k iy, 
ral turns of the twine Jvcfflie&$ 
continued over the 
14. Interlacing 
commenced, in one 
15. Interlacing fin- 
ished, the ends being > 
worked under the ^ /r A' 
strands, as in a Ap r 
17. Interlacing **\t^0* 
fastened, ^ 
18. Pigtail with 
strands taut. ttffln 
19. Dead eye, vlGc 
shown in two 
y : 58. Iron “shell,” 
tj jSJ ' in two views. 
Jri(/.23. s 59 and 60. “ Wed- 
S - ding” knots; a b, 
jjr v eyelets; c d, the 
in// iA- " ! oin ’ e ’ ^ 1C htsten- 
I *i m 61. Lark’s - head 
^ fasteniug to running 
^ 62. A round turn ; 
\ the cord,«, is passed 
'■ S< ^X/ through the bight of 
the cord, 6, over the 
tv Tin. 28. button, c, where it is 
^ secured by an ordi- 
g 7gFi(J.26 63. Belaying-pin 
. splice. The cord, b, 
• “stops” the phi, e, its 
e n (l being spliced 
upon itself, and 
“ served” with yarn ; 
this rope, with its 
pin, is passed 
through the spliced 
e ye,/, of the line, y. 
64. Hound button. 
65. Joint by a spherical shell, each loop, 
a and b, being made by ties and splices, and 
surrounding the shell, c. 
6G. Belaying-pin, shown separately,before 
being stoppered. 
67. Fastening to shears. 
68. Square mooring. When the cable is 
round the post, A, and the piece, c, witliout 
being crossed, it lays in the section 1,2,3, 
4, 5, 6, 7, and the end is fastened by tying. 
[For conclusion of above article see page 
299, under heading of “ Scientific and Use- 
views. /SUL a 
20. Pigtail finish- f/jMsA yn% 
ed. We pass the ends f/ '{h 
of the strands, one lo r 
under the other, in Yk M 
the Bame way as if f X/V 
>ve were making a \K. 
pudding splice, thus xK 
bringing it i a a line ^XVv 
with the rope, to 
which it is seized 
fast, and the cads cut o£ 
■<Jl. Scull pigtail; instead of holding the 
enc s by a tie, we interlace th:,n again, as in 
No. 16. the one under the other. 
22. Pigtail, or “lark’s nest.” We make 
this to the “ pennant” of a cable, which lias 
peveial strands, by taking the requisite num¬ 
ber of turns over the muldWr B nrh „ 
ropes we intend to join, for about half the 
lengtli that the splice will he, putting each 
strand of the one between two strands of the 
other. 
31. Simple fastening on a rope. 
32. A “ shroud ” knot. 
33. The ends of the rope are prepared for 
making the splice (No 29) in the same man¬ 
ner as for the “ shroud ” knot in No. 32. 
When the strands are untwisted, we put the 
ends of two cords together as close as possi¬ 
ble, and place the ends of the one between 
the strands of the other, above and below 
alternately, so as to interlace them as in No. 
38. A “pudding splice.” This is com¬ 
menced, like the others, by placing the rope 
end to end, the turus of the one being passed 
between those of the other; having first 
swelled out the yams by a “ rat's-tail,” we 
put them, two by two, one over the other, 
twisting them tightly, and opening a way 
for them with the marlin-spike. The Incon¬ 
venience of this splice is, that it is larger in 
diameter than the rope itself; but when 
made sufficiently long, by gradually reduc¬ 
ing the size of flic strands, it has great 
strength. 
89. This shows two strands, a and b, of the 
tcrlockcd by being passed alternately above 
and below the turns of the cord, B, the ends 
being also sometimes “whipped.” In the 
same manner the strand?, b b‘ b\ pass altern¬ 
ately over and under the strands of the rope, 
A, ami are in like manner “ whipped,” It is 
important that I lie several interlacings and 
knots should not meet at one point; we re¬ 
duce the size of the strands towards the end, 
so that they lose themselves in the body of 
the splice, cutting off such parts as may pro¬ 
ject. This splice is employed for joining the 
ends of a rope when a chafed part is cut out, 
and is quite as strong as the rope itself. 
manner that the strands shall lay under each 
other. This “ pigtail” forms a knot at the 
end of the rope. It thus draws together two 
r°l>es, as shown in No. 32, forming a“ shroud" 
<n °t. these two pigtails, the strands are 
ciossed before finishing the ends, so that the 
