great breadth of oats sown. Corn is worth 75@ 
80c.; oats, 65c.; white wheat, $1.70; red wheat, 
$1.55; potatoes, $1; butter, 28c.; cows, MjQ@80; 
working oxen. $300@250; horses, $ 100@25fl ; hired 
men, per month, $20@26; girls, per week, $ 1 @ 3 . 
—E. S. B. 
year, from this source, quite an important sum* 
Sound lives will therefore see that it is tor their 
interest, to insure with the Company which is 
the most rigid in its selections. 
“The expense anticipated la by a loading •!! 
the net premium varying with the different 
plans -and, lor the sake of absoluteaalety, large 
enough to cover overt possible contingency. As 
a matter of course, the actual expense lulls be¬ 
low this; the balance saved is properly return- 
aide every year. . .. , . 
“The rate of interest anticipated is four and 
one-lialf percent.; the difference between this 
rate and that actually obtained forms a very 
important contribution to the dividend. It 
will be borne in mind that the Reserve for each 
policy increases with its age. The surplus in¬ 
terest must, therefore, increase every year. 
Tills is what gives the progrc&fvc character Io 
the dividends ol i his Company, and which would, 
did tlie other conditions remain the same, every 
year unvaryingly increase them. 
“Tin! gain from the fourth source is also im¬ 
portant/ As strange us n may appear, many 
carry a Policy :i lew years, and arc never heard 
from agnlu—neither signifying their intention 
: , discontinue their premiums, nor making n 
demand upon the Coinpimv lor their reserve, 
which In such case would bo no longer neces¬ 
sary. |n ail the old Havings Hanks a. fund has 
nccumnlatod from the neglected deposits so 
large as to be troublesome, been use the charters 
do not provide for Its distribution. In llankaof 
daily deposit such gains are made. In the Cus¬ 
tom House largo quanlilies of merchandise are 
sold unreclaimed. Ol Express Qlllcea the same 
is true. Ol baggage in depots,Ac.’’ 
The Herald, in the article above alluded to 
considers that, in order to obtain the best results 
for the policy holder, the dividends should bo 
allowed to accumulate. It says: 
“It will be easily understood that it takes 
some time to realize the. enormous seen mu la live 
power of compound Interest—an important part 
of the foundation upon which the system ot life 
insurance rests, It must, therefore, be manifest 
to every policy holderllutt it la for his advantage 
to allow his dividends to collect for some y ears 
before touching them, as Hie compound interest 
atone gives a company much additional power 
to make returns. The dividends will thus be¬ 
come pro portion ably larger. The period selected 
by English olBceato declare a “bonus, ' as it is 
called in England. Is usually ni ter the payment 
of the fifth annual premium, nml il luts been 
found to work morn satisfactorily, hoih to the 
assurero and to tbo assured, than an earlier 
dividend." 
In fact the best authorities on the subject of 
life insurance admit that they consider tli© 
pract ice as by no means so perfect as yet as to 
discourage the idea ol’ any substantial improve¬ 
ment. And the man or men who shall succeed 
in increasing the value of a life insurance pol¬ 
icy will deserve the highest meed ot praise, as 
there is to-day nothing of more pecuniary im¬ 
portance to maukiml than the principle thus 
involved. * 
one in Alabama; three in Texas; one in Arkan¬ 
sas; one in Tennessee; two in Kentucky: one 
in Missouri; four in Georgia; three in Ohio; 
three In California and one in Oregon. The 
general report, therefore, for winter wheat and 
rye is exceptionally promising, takenasa whole, 
throughout the country. 
THE GREAT ILLUSTRATED 
INDUSTRIAL SOCIETIES. 
Groin 'JTrnasportation In Illinois. — The New 
York Sun, May 5,saysThe Governor of Illi¬ 
nois lum signed a bill, which it is believed will 
put an end to the outrageous exactions of the 
railroad companies and elevator monopolies 
upon (lie grain producers and dealers of that 
State, mid prevent In the future many of the 
disgraceful frauds upon the public for which 
the Chicago grain market has been notorious. 
This law requires railroad companies to give 
full and accurate receipts for all the grain that 
may be intrusted to them, to deliver the same 
quantity as shipped »l the destination ordered 
by the consignor, and to transport all grain of¬ 
fered, without distinction, discrimination, or 
favor between one shipper and another. Tins 
consignor is entitled to recover of the railroad 
company the tull value of the grain ut Hie plao 
where if was shipped, in ease Uiecompany failed 
to deliver at the point designated. The propri¬ 
etor* Of grain warehouse* are forbidden to give 
duplicate receipts lor grain, unless ptuch receipts 
are marked “Du ptleau ” on tho face; and to 
prevent imposition by a second use ot receipts, 
i ho warehousemen arc directed to mark the re¬ 
ceipts “Canceled” when delivered up. If tho 
new law is strictly enforced, it will be a good 
thing lor tho reputation of Chicago. 
X>. D. T. 3VIOORE, 
Conducting Editor and Proprietor. 
CHAS. D. BRAGDON, ANDREW S. FULLER 
Aseooiivte Editors. 
for their votes; but there is Name for tins de¬ 
signing, corrupt men. whether the so-called 
* carpet-baggers' or the ‘scalawags,’ Who, pro¬ 
fessing great sympathy xvltlt iho poor, merely 
wished ib ueo thorn ns pack horses cm which to 
ride into place and power, and who have shown 
Its their inis that their own aggrandizement, uud 
niit the good of the State, mis tlieir object. 
The following letter is from Alabama—from 
a Northern man whose name wo have in our 
possession, but whose name and location wo do 
not give lor obvious reasons: 
" In vour issue of April 29th you n ipenr to 
give considerable credit to extracts t roui a letter 
from Mississippi, in regard to ‘carpel baggers, 
negroes, Ate., that 1 don't, think can be Cbriect. 
I can't tell tho reason why the Southern people 
dislike Hie majority of new settlers coming from 
the North, especially If their political nn.cli'i- 
tlosvim with a certain party. They a re also down 
on what is termed here ‘BcalUiwug*. full as 
had or worse than on Yankees. I suppose you 
know a *scidliiwag* is a native born, who is a 
Radical or Hepuhlh an In pollHo*. 
I came hern mid liOUK'hi. Jn 180ft j liftvo not 
attended a political meeting since coming to tlm 
State; have always considered it my duty and 
privilege to east mv ballot as 1 thought best; 
imi in the most of the elections and all the po- 
iiiieol meetings 1 have advised my hands to slay 
at home, on account Of the feeling against blacks 
voting unless they vote the Democratic ticket. 
Again, 1 have always furnished my hands with 
plenty to eat, s<, that they have never killed 
nthor people s block lor meat; at least I hove 
n. ver heard such a charge agulnsi them, Still 
the Kii Kinx, or at least disguised men, have 
postered tile hands on ray farm more than on 
adjniofitft tw ins where It tfi CUtTeiu that jno 
blacks kill stock, I have no means ot railing 
cxi it!lly iiow tunny luti'6 fciU« <1 in uijk 
count V bv disguised men sin CO the advent of 
Ku-Ktuxi'sm, hut should think toffy blacks and 
ten whiles not far from the number. It seems 
ns though tins comity must he made lo undergo 
still more judgments nnd scourges before she 
will get purified mid take an upward course. 
People at. the North Imvc hut a lalnt idea of 
the negro race—at least the large majority eon- 
stiiuUng tho field hands. They arc inclined to 
HENRY S. RANDALL, LL. D., Cortland Village, N. Y., 
EniTGR OF THU DnrAKTMr*T OF Slfffffr lfUFBANOUV. 
X. A. WILLARD, A. M., Little Falls, N. Y., 
Editoh <i» tiik Depaiitmest o» Daisy Hobaspry. 
Co), s. D. HARRIS, Cleveland, Ohio, 
TraVJMko CoBimmOSPOG ISpitob. 
T. HART HYATT, San Francisco, 
CoBPlirTOIl OK THB P»«IIIC StOPK Del IRTMEST. 
CHAS. V. RILEY, St. Louis, Mo., 
ColfPOCTOB OR Till KbTOMOI.OOICAL DEPARTMENT. 
MARY A. E. WAGER, 
EOITOR CP TUB llOMKRTIC ECONOMY DEPARTMENT. 
Tcviiim.— Only S1.50 per Volonio of ‘in numbers, 
or pur year Of <)‘i numbers. To Claim—|>rr Vol¬ 
ume: Five copies for $7 ; Seven, and one free to 
agent, for fti.50: Ten. and ono free, for fU A Per 
Year: Five copies for $14 : Seven, and one free, for 
$10; Ten; and one free, for $25—only *2 M per copy. 
The lowest Vearly rate to Canada Is $2.70, and $3.50 
to Europe. Drafts, P. O. Money Orders and Regis¬ 
tered Letters at our risk. 
The It n nil Ncw-Y'orkcr la sold by News Deal, 
ers generally. The Trade Is supplied by the NEW 
YORK News Co., No. ft Spruce St., Now York. 
Adviki I81NO.-Inside. 75 cents per line. Again 
space ; Outside, $1 per line, each Insertion. For Ex¬ 
tra Display and Out*, a price and a half. Special and 
Busina** Notices, $1.50 and $2 a lino. No advertise¬ 
ment Inserted for less than $3. 
Steam I'Jow Wanted.— A Mississippi corre¬ 
spondent of the Rural NEW-YoitKEKask.s wlmt. 
linn become of the trnclf on steam plow exhibited 
in New-Jersey last season, and if it is likely to 
prove practicable. We do not know what has 
become of it. It required Alteration in iho 
Judgment of some Of our friends who saw it 
work; bul they thought IIichc alleratiOUS could 
Do made, and il* ullljjty as a farm traction pow¬ 
er established. Will such as may have knowl¬ 
edge of it give us information concerning it? 
The E.xperimcnlnl Farm of the Illinois Indus 
irlni I’mveraliy 1 a to be conducted under I he di¬ 
rection of W.C. Flagg ol’ Alton, III. Mr. Flagg 
is a very thorough agricultural student and crit¬ 
ical observer. We suggest Hmt the first, experi¬ 
ment he ti les be to mu ke tlic Experimental Farm 
self-supporting; ttiosecond, to make tt pay a 
good profit to the University fund, annually. 
We arc inclined to think these two experiments 
will be found the most difficult ho enu possibly 
undertake. 
MAY 20, 1871 
and season, is. their own shti'tlossnens and no 
work ol ‘Leagues' or ‘Carpet Baggers.* IS e 
have a Northern or * carpet ong Probate Judge 
and Count v clerk ; bul 1 think he isan Improve¬ 
ment. in some things ut least, over Ids predeces¬ 
sors ' to tho manor born.’ If there is any labor 
or other League teaching any such doctrine aft 
your correspondent from Mississippi asserts, 1 
have not heard of it- 1 * there were forty 
Leagues, 1 doubt 11 the blacks would get the 
right (o vote as they choose, with tho planter 
giving them their tickets and following them to 
the ballot box to set them deposited, let alone 
instances of their being Voted with revolvers 
drawn on them, Ku-lvlux, after the election, wo. 
Tim climate hero is very fine, and Hie soil, 
one year after being well plowed, yields well. 
All the red clay lands can be made good soon 
hv thorough cultivation, and in Hie poorest 
spots bv the application or a little manure. 
Fruit of nil kinds do well with any attention at 
all. Irish potatoes produce and keep well it 
plained early and dug when ripe and properly 
taken care of. Early Goodrich rlpeiiRbout July 
1st. A hog got into tny patch to-day, April List, 
and rooted some up as large as a small hens 
pgg. This country needs to be tilled up with 
small farmers owning the land they cultivate; 
but when that will be is more than 1 can even 
guess ut.’’ 
The following is from G. W. Barnett, Big 
Spring Depot, Va„ and requires no comment. 
It will cxplulu itself; 
You say, In your excellent paper of April 8 th . 
“Our Southern friends, who are so anxious to 
rivomole immigration from tie* North, through 
our columns, sjmuld use such iniluenceas they 
may, to prevent the impression, which is fast 
obtaining possession of' tho Nottljorn mind, that 
the Soutli ts the lust place a Northern man 
should go to. This mill be done by umtod effort 
to punish Hie perpetrators of outrages against 
Northern men, that uro both unlawful and bar¬ 
barous. There is no excuse for such crimes us 
are reported as committed by disguised men in 
the South against Northern mou.” 
Will vou please allow me to say that, suppos¬ 
ing you to be no “ politician," but an honest 
friend to your whole country, that you do the 
mass of Hie people of tho South, (and, indirectly, 
ihe North.) a very grave injustice in the above 
advice. Though pirn should be aware of the /del, 
I will still cal) vour attention to it, Unit the very 
unwise and suicidal laws of Congress outlaw the 
greater pm iion of ilio icspn-iable men of Hie 
Nmili, who an- unwilling to perjure themselves 
to obtain any pdrlinu ot authority or power; 
ami t.luj negroes nml dishonest whites, equally 
ignorant. ar<‘ governed and controlled by a class 
of men from I he North, (who. 1 lifivo no doubt, 
you tire glad to lie relieved oLi wil.li whom no 
honest mmi of anu mlioti wlftt nwnviaie; conse¬ 
quently, their only hope of holding tlieir posi¬ 
tions uY plunder nml place, is to keep up the cry 
oi pcvseoiHiou. Hut. Willi all tlieir combined 
meanness, you cannot, find one ixtobUshed <’<we of 
ouintuc mjiiimt a NoHltern won suuthern k<>- 
•pfe. Look nt nil the disturbances in the South 
impartially. Look at the riot at Meridian.Miss., 
where Hie lawless negroes were enroll) aoed, il 
they were not hired, by Northern men, m burn 
arid murder - Look at. North Carolina, where a 
in i lined (ineifutir ooulcl not find a man mean 
enough to do his bidding', without importing a 
fugitive ihint and murderer from Tennessee, to 
harass the honest and civil citizens beyond.en¬ 
durance. Look al I lie trouble in Richmond. \ a.; 
ilie leader and origimiiov now on trial tor for¬ 
gery ami robber.v. Look al South Carolina, where 
the ignorant nml beastly nejfnioa arc armed to 
ednlrol an intelligent and peaceable people. 
And, with all these disadvantages, the Smith is 
as law-abiding ami quiet as t ho North and IN eat, 
in fact. , , .. 
You read, no doubt, ol outrages daily in the 
South, but 00 you examine rite evidence ol Hie 
lad V Do you seek lor the truth ? I hope you 
will, and find it, There is not a respectable man 
in |he SouIh but desires to see the whole billon 
prosperous and great ; but so long as we are 
governed by corrupt and unwise “ politicians, 
we cannot prosper. . „ ' 
In conclusion, let me say that any honc«fNort h- 
era man* coming auiou# ns for tiny Hottest pur- 
nose, will always be welcomed >md imitod kind* 
lv; and we would be particularly ph ased to see 
liiany such, including yourself, believing that 
you could not disbelieve your own eyes, and would 
then be willing to do us justice. 
Inquiries for Advertisers. — LUTHER ASHLEY 
asks where bods of cork shavings are made, and 
who makes them.—A Massachusetts correspond- 
ent asks whore he can obtain “Magio” hogs.— 
“ A Subscriber," Northville, Mich., asks where 
Christmas Rose seed can be obtained. 
CHANGE IN TOIE OF ISSUING THE PAPER! 
The Gonliiientnl Washing Mneliine.— In the 
Rpual New -Yorker of May 6 , our Correspond¬ 
ing Editor incidentally named Mr. Bjunkkr- 
hoffos the Inventor ot this valuable machine. 
This appears to bo cm error, a* we are reliably 
informed that the Continental was invented by 
Mr. John I>. Van DpSEN. >Ve cheerfully make 
the correction, and give “ honor to whom honor 
Is due.” 
»♦*-- 
Approprintlen* to ill*' Illinois Industrial Culver- 
*liy.—The late a Avi'opriai ion bill passed by the 
Legislature of gives to ihis institution us 
followsMain TuJFtfng, $70,000; meohanicalde¬ 
partment, $ 35 ,($ 0 : chemical apparatus and 
books, $5,500; liorticultura) department, $3,500; 
agricult ural depm tine.nl, $ 6 , 000 ; books ou agri¬ 
culture, $10,000. Total, $125,000. 
Tut: removal of the RURAL New-Yorker Office 
to its new quarters nt No’s 3 and 6 Bookman St., (be¬ 
tween Park Row and Nassau St.,) requires so muck 
time and attention that we have concluded tfi defer 
the issuing of our next number (for May 27,) for one 
week though it will ho printed and mailed In ad¬ 
vance ol date. About Subscribers will receive the 
full Fifty-Two Numbers during tho year, they will 
loso nothing by t his change, the only difference being 
in the time of receiving their papers. And as we now 
put tho Ur RAL to preF,s two weeks in udvnneeof date 
-to which many Subscribers and Advertisers ob¬ 
ject -tho delay occasioned by removal will really net 
us right with those who think we are wrong in being 
so extremely prompt, or so far ahead of time. 
— Our Counting and Book Rooms are already estab¬ 
lished in the new quarters, and Editors, Compositors 
nnd Engravers hope to ho “ at homo “ there In a few 
days. Our new Office (nr offices, for the Rural will 
occupy rooms on four different floors,) furnishes 
spacious and convenient accommodations lor the 
several departments of business to he transacted 
therein, and it is believed the change will prove ben¬ 
eficial to all interested. 
As our new headquarters are only half a block from 
the former—in fact, only “just around the corner”— 
Agents, Advertisers, and other friends having occa¬ 
sion Uj call, will have no difficulty In finding the Ru¬ 
ral's latch string; and they may expect a cordial 
welcome and courteous treatment. 
J. \V. Marline**, Corresponding Secretary of 
tho Miuncsota Slate Horticultural Society is 
dead. The Fanners Union (Minneapolis. Minn.) 
says:—“Mr. Hark dess was one of our most 
promising horticulturists. He was called from 
tills life in the full vigor of manhood and useful¬ 
ness. His loss will be extensively leit in Minne¬ 
sota. He was a man universally respected. ’ 
Lenox, Madison Co., IV. Y., April 27. —YFeare 
having a fine rain, to-day; grass and wheat are 
coming on finely, Ou low lands farmers have 
turned their cattle- Spring sowing more than 
half done; about the usual breadth is being put 
In, with the exception of barley. The low price 
of that grain, for the last two years, does not 
encourage tut-mers to sow it largely.— e. f. l. 
Ames, N. A'., May I.—Spring opened here 
about three weeks earlier than last year: have 
had nice spring weather since the middle of 
March, and now we are having warm, growing 
weather. Buds are starting very fast. Sowing 
is mostly all done In this region. Wo have had 
uo very soaking rains until the 27th ult. Mead¬ 
ows are looking well.— G. E. w. 
Williams, Bay Co., Mich., May 1,’—The spring 
dime In warm and dry KbOfit the middle ot 
March. Since then wo have had several heavy 
rains which have kept the roads muddy and 
have retarded the farmers in their work. Tho 
weather still cloudy but warm. Potatoes have 
tell to 80c. per bush.; hay is $ 10 <£ 1 J per ton; 
cows, $90@95.—J. u. w. 
Easton, Aid., April 25. -The weather has been 
unusually fine. Farm work far advanced. Most 
of the corn crop in this section planted; ground 
dry and in excellent condition. The wheat crop 
looks very promising—much of it from one to 
two feet high. Trees in nearly full leaf: all 
vegetables several weeks earlier titan usual, and 
this is becoming quite a business here for the 
Northern markets. Farm labor, 50 to i5 cts. per 
day, with board; corn, $1 per bush.; wheat, $1.40 
@1.80; white potatoes, $1.26; sweet, 75c.@$1-50; 
land, $20@100 per aero; oysters, 35@50c. per bu., 
and plentiful.—J. »- M’n. 
Union CUy, Randolph Go., 1ml., May 1.— Wo 
have had a* most beautiful ana early spring- 
near three weeks in advance. Peaches are all 
killed from the severe cold last Christmas. Ap¬ 
ples are in blossom and promise a large crop. 
Farm era have commenced planting corn ; tiie 
ground is in the most excellent order. Wheat 
never looked better. Rye coming out in head. 
Wheat, $1.2u@L30 per bush.; corn, 40c.; oats, 
John Johnston’* Address is Geneva, N. A'. This 
in answer to T. 8 . CRAMEfi, who neglected to in¬ 
form us whore he lives, or he would have been 
answered by letter. 
BUSINESS INFORMATION, 
SOUTHERN AFFAIRS, 
Dividends of Life Insurance Companies. 
There is, perhaps, no question which possesses 
ho much interest for tho general reader, and 
which so vitally affects the fmuro of our com¬ 
panies us this matter of dividends. Instead of 
comparing the teal merits of two companies, 
and considering that It is the nccuritu offered 
which gives the only value to a life policy, the 
comparison ot dividends is now almost the uni¬ 
versal test. Those companies which have the 
hardihood to declare nidu the dividend fairly 
earned, find themselves distanced in public 
esteem by their more unscrupulous rivals, who 
capitalise the present at the expense of the 
future. In its issue of Apj’il 5th the New York 
Herald says; 
•‘There is, in connection with life insurance, n 
qiieslimi which deeply concerns tile public. We 
aliudtt io tho practice followed by many of our 
companies <.f announcing huge annual divi¬ 
dends. apparently as an inducement lo insure 
will, thein. This custom has of late yearsol>- 
Tnr people of the North have quite ns much 
interest in knowing the truth concerning (lie 
conditioner the South us (.lie Southern people 
have in having the truth t old. Tho South needs 
and professes to want accessions of capital, prac¬ 
tical knowledge, skill, industrious men, good 
citizens, good schools, etc. There is a large pop¬ 
ulation in the North that would gladly supply 
these if they could feel assured or seouriiyin 
the enjoi meat of their rights as American citi¬ 
zens. They do not ask nor expoet more. They 
do not ask even social welcome, except as they 
may prove themselves entirely worthy of it. 
And u is with a knowledge of these fuels that 
we have written wind we have concerning the 
South ihc past two years. We have no desire io 
tell more nor less than the truth. We would 
not influence a Northern man to go South, and 
have him assert that ho went because of such 
millionoo, and was sorely disappointed. In fact, 
we would not recommend any man, North or 
South, io move with his family to any State in 
the Union until lie has been over the ground 
himself, and become satisfied us to what lie cun 
realize, and how he can realize it, by removal. 
We want tho South developed. It is full of 
grand opportunities for enter prising, industri¬ 
ous, practical men. The people of the South will 
gain grcitIJy by such accessions. And il is with 
this desire, and the kindest feeling toward the 
Southern people, (among whom we believe we 
count many friends,) that we have heretofore, 
and may hereafter, give space to matters relat¬ 
ing to Southern affairs. We propose in thiscon- 
nection to nuiko extracts from Southern letters 
recently received. The first, is from Guilford, 
N. C„ under dale of April 26: 
“ .•V>r one, 1 was much pleased with the Edit- 
er’s remark- in the Hi hal New-Yorker of 
April 20. oil ‘Southern Alfxirs/ They arc true 
and timely. Some Northern people also might 
learn a lit tle common sense from I lie Mississippi 
letter. ITiim my early childhood, brought up 
to regard slavery as an evil, politically, socially, 
morally mid religiously; never having had a 
particle of sympathy with the rebellion, believ- 
RURAL NOTES AND QUERIES, 
Condition of Winter Grain.—From the De¬ 
partment of Agriculture we have an elaborate 
report on the condition of winter grain. Our 
limited space compels us to give briefly the sub¬ 
stance. The only except ions ion good prospect 
are in some localities in Maine, which report 
loss from winter killing; also in New Hamp¬ 
shire and Vermont; from counties of Onondaga, 
Schuyler and Washington, N. Y.: Tioga and 
Union Co.’s, Fa.: Montgomery, Nprtbtiruber. 
land and Dinwiddle Co.’s, Vn.; three counties 
in North Carolina, and three in South Carolina; 
business notices 
PRESERVE YOUR HARNESS, 
by using the celebrated Vacuum Oil ISlitHin 
upon it. Applied to Boots, it will render i 10 
Leather so/i at Snv, besides making then 
proof. All enterprising Harness Makers am 
keep H, or will order it for you, from \uci 
Company, Rochester, N. Y. 
