r 
$600 to $1,000 for tbe season of clieese 
making (eight to nine months) ancl board. 
The very best cannot be had for less than 
the last figure named. Sometimes cheese 
makers who have lmd but one or t wo years’ 
experience, may be obtained for a compara¬ 
tively low price, say $000 per year and 
board; and will succeed in producing a 
first class cheese. Like any oilier business, 
those cheese makers who have bud expe¬ 
rience, who have been successful, and have 
acquired a reputation, will command more 
money than others who have a reputation 
to make, though perhaps it. may turn out 
Unit the product made by each is about 
equal in quality, generally, however, the 
best at the dearest prices are the cheapest. 
How to Keep iiCliuin from Frothing Over. 
Hardening one day to visit the house <>f 
a friend who kept a cow mid made butter, 
1 saw there a simple method to be used to 
overcome the great trouble of all butter mak¬ 
ers using the old-fashioned upright churn ; 
his plan was as follows:- Take the body of 
the cliurn and cut a groove round the inside 
of the mouth, about three inches from the 
top and thrcc-eighilis or an inch deep, and 
then remove half tlm thickness of the wood, 
making a shoulder all round ; then take the 
cover and cut it nicely to fit inside, and you 
have now done away with all the old nuis¬ 
ances of cloths, tubs, pans, etc., heretofore 
required to save the cream that flowed over. 
An v man, almost, can do this, or the churn 
may be taken to a carpenter and treated for 
•a few cents. We find the foregoing in the 
Working Farmer. 
)C 
an; 
A 
SPORTSMAN’S NOTES. 
A Wolf for Breeding limner Doge. 
A correspondent, traveling in Texas, 
writes the Rural New-Yorker :— “1 
brought down a young loper wolf, Many 
persons in meeting me would say, ‘ What ft 
pretty little puppy.’ These wolves are ex¬ 
ceedingly destructive to stock of all kinds, 
and are very annoying to stock raisers, who 
have often to put. out poisoned bait for them. 
This one, in question, Was one of four whelps 
found hot ween the Perdonulesaiid Bee creeks, 
near the Colorado River. One of the old 
ones was afterwards poisoned. 1 gave her 
to one of my acquaintances, who wauled to 
raise her to obtain ft breed of hunting dogs, 
by crossing the stock. The old saying, that 
‘what is bred in the hone will come out 
through the skin,’ will prove true in her 
case, at some day , for she will necessarily 
he tied up and kept in confinement, to pre¬ 
vent her from destroying the chickens, Arc,, 
in the neighborhood of the house of her 
owner. A dog raised in this wav is said to 
he a good hunter; hut. they snap at every¬ 
thing they are set to catch, and are severe. 
'Pile wolf seems to he towards the genus 
wtJMwhat the Indian is to the genus homo." 
To Too Squirrel Skills. 
Pl.acic the hide on a smooth, round sided 
slab, made for the purpose, with two legs in 
one end, and lei the other end rest on the 
ground; drive a nail in the tipper end to 
hold the skin from slipping while fleshing. 
Scrape off ill I t he flesh with a blunt knife, 
being careful not to tear tbe hide. Then 
take the brains of the squirrel and work 
them thoroughly into the skin ; this renders 
the skin pliable. Then to preserve the skin 
from the ravages of insects, scatter on some 
powdered alum and a little saltpeter. Let 
dry ; then stretch and work - it until as plia¬ 
ble as may he desired. The above is ac¬ 
knowledged to he a very good recipe for 
tanning all kinds of fur, although there may 
be better ones in use.— M. g. 
Sportlmr K iiife. 
T am eighteen years old and fond of bunt¬ 
ing. 1 like to own the best sporting imple¬ 
ments. Can you describe the lust sporting 
knife? A friend of mine sent lor one but 
does not know whether it is the approved 
sort or not.—F rank L. 
Among the heat sportsmen a plain knife of 
first-class material and which combines a 
probe, a pivot picker, a nipple wrench, a 
turn-screw, a fleam for bleeding dogs and 
one for horses also, is considered essential. 
But the needs and wishes of hunters vary. 
There may he other essentials for different 
classes of sportsmen. 
THE RED-HEADED WOODPECKER: 
I’icuit Eiytliroceplinlin** 
While out walking one fine day recently, 
my attention was drawn to the peculiar ac¬ 
tions of one of these beaut iful birds. 1 hap¬ 
pened to he strolling through an apple orch¬ 
ard, and I stopped to observe, lie ran up 
and down the body of tlie tree, placing his 
head close to the bark in a listening altitude; 
finally, in his inspections, lie came to a small 
limb. Plainly something attracted his at¬ 
tention; lie stopped, and laying his head 
against the bark, listened. He minutely ex¬ 
amined the limb farther up and farther down, 
and at last hit upon the desired particular 
spot; then ho commenced pecking; his head 
went like a steam hammer with lightning 
rapidity, the bark flew, and it did seem as if 
he would break his bill, orneck, or knock bis 
brains out; but he did not. 
He soon flew away, and I examined the 
limb after a great destruction to my coat in 
climbing to it. I found lie had bored to the 
center and taken out some sort, of grub. I 
examined still farther, by cutting, and found 
that the grid) had eaten the pith out of the 
limb as far as 1 took pains to investigate. 
The body of this bird is covered with 
black, white, crimson and sometimes blue 
leathers, beautifully, systematically ar¬ 
ranged alternately, so as to produce the 
pleasantest effect. Black predominates, ex¬ 
cept. upon the breast., which is a beautiful 
deep scarlet. The head is possessed of a 
fine aigrette of vermilion color, which, com¬ 
bining with the breast and symmetrical 
body, make liim one of the most beautiful of 
birds, and conspire to produce a favorable 
impression even before observing his actions. 
lie is endowed with wonderful activity 
and sprighlliness, and will perambulate a 
tree with the agility of a squirrel. His 
flight is billowy, sometimes with a sidewise 
motion. Button, the French Naturalist, 
describes its cry as “wild and saddening, 
disturbing the silence of t lie forest, and ex¬ 
pressing constraint and effort.'’ Bill 1 have 
observed the bird a great deal, and cannot 
agree with him. Wilson, in his “Ameri¬ 
can Ornithology,” enthusiastically defends 
this beautiful and cheerful bird against all 
of Bi.’PFOn’b invectives. Ho says:—“The 
posture is that for which the whole organi 
zntion of his frame is particularly adapted; 
and though to a wren or a humming bird 
the labor would be. both toil and a slavery, 
yet to him it is, 1 am convinced, as pleasant 
and as amusing as the sports of the chase to 
the hunter. The eagerness with which he 
traverses the. upper and lower sides of 
branches; the cheerfulness of his cry ; and 
the liveliness of his motions while dislodg¬ 
ing the vermin, justify this belief.”— ,t. j. J. 
•-- 
SNAKE STORY. 
mium of fifty dollars for a North American 
serpent, alive or dead, ten feet in length 
not, however, for a skin. To claim the re¬ 
ward it is only necessary 1« forward the spe¬ 
cimen to our office, either alive or preserved 
in alcohol, or in a solution of carbolic acid, 
which answers the purpose equally well. 
NOTES FOR NATURALISTS. 
Oywier m-oimirnrion Wn*liiiifflon Territory. 
Lewis II. Rhoades, Pacific Co., W. T., 
writes the Ritual New-Yorker:—’ “ I am 
engaged principally in raising and propa¬ 
gating oysters in the waters of Shoal Water 
Bay, W. T. The business is quite extensive, 
and quite a number of your subscribers are 
engaged in il. Now can any of your l eaders 
tell us something in regard to securing the 
spawn of oysters? So far we have got no 
benefit from Hie spaw n after we remove 
them from natural beds to planting beds. It 
appears they spawn just as much after they 
are planted as before, but they do not set to 
any extent. Those that we remove from the 
natural beds grow faster and change to a 
better flavor. It seems as though they arc 
part vegetable. Cannot your readers give 
us light?” _ 
Fifth lor Brooding. 
AVe arc contemplating stocking a pond 
with fish; said pond is supplied With pure 
cold water near my dwelling, and is dura¬ 
ble. We think it better adapted to trout 
than perhaps any Other kind. We would 
he glad lo learn if the Slate of New York, 
or any other corporation, furnish any assist¬ 
ance; if so, wind, and how? Any infor¬ 
mation on t lie subject would be gladly re¬ 
ceived by a—C onstant Subscriber, Al¬ 
mond, A r . Y. 
We don’t know that the State furnishes 
assistance. If our readers do, let them 
answer. _ 
The FreuUft ol n lien. 
A CORRESPONDENT Of the RURAL New- 
Yokkbu writes: — “About October 1st a 
cat littered her kittens in the side of the hay 
mow. Some time after their eyes were 
opened, an old lien, disposed to do some 
little good in the world, took to brooding 
them; jtor could her step-mother proclivi¬ 
ties he changed. When the old cat would 
return from a foraging expedition, Biddy 
would take up her position *a top o’ tin* 
heap,’ so that the old cat and her kittens 
went, to bed in true German style.” 
—I— - 
$ 
tc 
CA 
a 
crrsttmtH. 
To True Pocket Uophers. 
Go where they work ; find the last mound 
made; open the hole, set in a common 
spring trap, cover with a little light sand; 
leave the hole open. Thu gopher will come 
to close the hole, and get trapped. I have 
caught nearly thirty that way.— William 
B. Bliss, Scott Co., Minn. 
-«--*-+- 
Inquiries for Sportsman,— Gan some of the 
readers of the Rural New-Tohkkh inform uie, 
through it, how to tan woodehuelc skins, leav¬ 
ing' the hair on? A SUBSCRIBER.—Mr. (husks 
for n description of and remedy lor dog dlstem- 
ter; also, it it is dangerous. 
The largest snake story of the season is 
that lately recorded in the Kansas Slateman, 
in which we are informed that a serpent 
thirty-eight, leet long has been lately cap¬ 
tured near Fredouta in that Stale. To be 
more accurate, the exact measure was thirty- 
seven feet nine inches; its greatest circum¬ 
ference being forty-three inches. It is said 
to have been of a peculiar color, between a 
blue and a black, with deep, dark yellow 
spots, and large scales. The editor of the 
Kansas Statesman assures ns that this is a 
snake story, but a true one, and that the ani¬ 
mal may at any time be seen at Wood’s Mu¬ 
seum in Chicago, by inquiring for the Twin 
Mound Snake. 
It is hardly necessary for ns to comment 
upon ibis snake story, further than to ex¬ 
press our regret t hat, the captors did not wait 
a little while longer, until the length of forty 
feet had been reached, as being a more con¬ 
venient size to bear in mind and compare 
with that of the Anacondas and Boa Con¬ 
strictors of South America, and the Pythons 
of Africa, nil of which are fairly outdone by 
our native North American, if the editor of 
the Statesman is to be believed. 
Seriously, however, it is about time that 
frowned down by Ihe community. Some of 
our writers seem to vie with one another as 
to ■which of them can have the biggest story 
(shall we say lie?) on nil subjects; but as 
far as North American serpents nro con¬ 
cerned, we very much doubt whether* spe* 
cimen of any native species, Imsever been seen 
in the United States, exceeding eight, or at 
most ten feel in long! h. It is very easy to pro¬ 
duce the skin of a serpent that will be of 
much greater dimensions. But those who 
are most familiar with the subject are well 
aware that a little manipulation of a skin 
will suffice to impart to it a length double 
that of the animal itself; this being due to 
the fact that the scales of tlie snake are held 
in folds of the skin, and that whew the skin is 
stretched these folds are pulled out, and the 
increase in length referred to is the result. 
We are quite willing to tost our confidence 
in the assertion we make, by offering a pre- 
N0TES FOR HORSEMEN. 
Crib Bile Iteiiicily. 
To W. II. Gage's inquiry for a cure for 
crib bite of horses, 1 would say, crib bile is 
not, as most people suppose; a disease of the 
stomach, but simply a pressing together of 
the front teeth. The writer lias learned that 
momentary relief can be obtained by biting 
the manger or any Ollier object, and pulling 
in, thus pressing it upon the front upper 
teeth, which are generally all the trouble. 
We think such harsh measures ns Dr. Trim 
ble recommends may slop them for the 
time by giving the horse more pain than 
he already lias, but cannot cure or benefit. 
My cure is to saw or file the teeth apart 
with a thin jeweler's tile or a saw made for 
that purpose. To do this, the host way 1 
have tried is to throw the horse and hold 
the mouth open with a gag made by taking 
a piece- of soft wood, three inches thick by 
six inches long, and held in the month by 
passing a strap over the head and nailing it 
to ouch end of the block.—O. A. 0., Hew- 
ark, W J. __ 
To Cure IT coves. 
I do not pretend to know the cause of 
heaves, but there is certainly one remedy 
which will never failTake your horse to 
one of the Western Slates and feed him on 
the wild native hay, and lie will he entirely 
cured in three months; this I know, for T 
have seen a number of cases of horses hav- 
in"- the heaves verv bad in the Slate of New 
York, which, when taken to Indiana in the 
fall and led on the* wild bay, w ould lie sound 
in the spring, and never show a symptom 
of it. afterwards. Another evidence of this 
cure is found in the fact, that horses in the 
West are never found to have the heaves; 
in fact, I have never seen a ease of the. kind 
in this country or any of Ihe Western Stales, 
except tliev w ore recently lrom the East.— 
\V Waterhouse, Mammoth, Oregon. 
POMOLOCtICJAL GOSSIP. 
Shockley Apple In ibe South. 
In the Southern Farmer for June, we find 
the following copied from the Plantation, 
Atlanta, Ga.’, (no date given), which may 
interest our Southern readers :—“ Wo were 
shown yesterday six Shockley apples, 
which were taken from a young tree, as first 
fruits, last November. There were but 
seven of these apples; the one making the 
seventh was given to a Itiend a month or so 
ago, and without, a spot or blemish proved 
to be delicious. Not one of these apples 
ever developed a speck ot decay. I o-duy 
these six Shockleys are so perfectly pre¬ 
served and highly colored that they look 
like pictures. Now let us learn from this 
that fruit intended for market and winter 
use is often spoiled by careless handling." 
In Downing, we find that this apple 
originated in Georgia. The tree is described 
as “moderately vigorous, upright, very pro¬ 
ductive, hearing young and regularly. Fruit 
below medium, roundish conical, pale yel¬ 
low,overspread with red, inconspicuous (lots; 
stalk long, slender, inserted in a deep, acute 
cavity; calyx partially closed, set in a shal¬ 
low, corrugated basin; flesh crisp, juicy, 
rich, saccharine, slightly vinous and pleas¬ 
ant ; good; season, April and May. J iiis 
is one of the most profitable varieties at the 
South, where it. not only bears abundantly, 
but keeps and sells remarkably well.” We 
wish some of our Southern readers would 
send us specimens ol t his apple when il is 
mature. _ 
IIn rdv A ppleft in Richland Co., Win. 
Mu. Hatch says:—The “ first hardy list ” 
of the Wisconsin Horticultural Society rec¬ 
ommended for general cultivation is as fol¬ 
lows:—Red Astracliau, Duchess of Olden¬ 
burg, Tall Hum Sweet, English Golden Rus¬ 
set and Fameii.se or Snow. Of the foregoing 
the Duchess of Oldenburg lias proved the 
hardiest variety iti cultivation ill tlm coun¬ 
ty. It is a variety but just coming into 
fruit bore. Mr. Albert. S. Neff of Wood¬ 
stock, and a number of persona at Richland 
Center have them Bound and healthy from 
two to live years planted, and without, a 
blemish from the weather. This is probably 
one of the best tested, successful, hardy trees 
grown in the county, as it is succeeding in 
the valleys on the most, trying sites. Tin* 
Haas apple (Gros Pomieij is another very 
hardy variety well tested in this climate. 
'Die Haas apple seems to tic sufficiently 
hardy to stand winter, even in the most un¬ 
suitable places. The Red Ronuinite is an¬ 
other extra hardy sort. Mr. R. L. Carver of 
Port Andrew lias a tree that bore a crop ot 
six bushels at about nine years of age. 
may be found:—Maiden’s Blush, Roxbury 
Russel, Keswick Codlin, Gilliflowcr, Twenty 
Ounce Pippin, Lowell, King of Tompkins 
Co., Pound Sweet, Early Joe, Sweet Wine 
and others. 11 seems that on good sites, with 
care, some sorts will succeed that fail under 
less favorable circumstances. 
Troth's Early l’raeii in the South. 
The editor of the South Land (Louisiana) 
says:—“ This has not been a universal favor¬ 
ite in the South, for the reason, perhaps, that 
we have had others equally early and of bet¬ 
tor quality. In fact, it, is not so eaily as the 
May Beauty or Hole’s Early, both of which 
are superior in flavor, it is, however, a 
beautiful peach, being round and uniformly 
red. It, is small, flesh white, slightly red at 
l lie stone. Quality not first-rate as to flavor. 
Glands, globose; flowers small. Season, 
about the goth to the last of June,” 
Wilson,Trlnniphc ami llovey Strawberries, 
Here is wluit the editor of the German¬ 
town Telegraph says this season :—“It will 
tie remembered that we have stood by the 
‘Trioinplic’ strawberry for several years, 
and since the first, year that we raised it. 
Whether our soil is peculiarly adapted to it 
or not we cannot say, but we have obtained 
very heavy crops of as large berries ns nnv 
we ever cultivated, and of ft quality misur- 
passingly fine. We dcsirfi no belter straw¬ 
berry. Wc continue to grow Hovey’e Seed¬ 
ling; but while we admit that Wilson’s 
Albany is the very best market variety yet 
cultivated, and ibe most productive, and 
well adapted to persons with whom a straw¬ 
berry is a strawberry, we should be sorry if 
anybody would clandestinely stick a single 
plant in our garden.” 
Ileffroo’s Sruilling S( rn wherry. 
The Western Rural, June 17, says:—" I). 
S. Tleffron, Esq., has shown us a new seed¬ 
ling strawberry, raised near Chicago. It 
has very favorable characteristics, being evi¬ 
dently a strong grower, very prolific, uni¬ 
form in size and color, and Of good flavor. 
It is a seedling of Russell’s Prolific hybrid¬ 
ized with the Wilson. If it should prove as 
valuable as now indicated, it will be a fine 
acquisition to the strawberry list. No plants 
arc for sale.”_ 
Monaeeli ot the West Strawberry. 
Jesse Brady, Kendall Go., Ill., writes ns 
that, lie sends us specimens of this new fruit 
He forwarded them lo the Rochester office 
(they should have been sent to New York 
cilv direct), and they were so badly decayed 
that it was impossible to decide upon flavor. 
They were very large, and that is all wc 
can say about them. 
Nnomi null Franconia. 
J. P. Parsons, Cold water, Mich., asks if 
we know any difference between the Naomi 
and Franconia raspberry. We confess our 
ignorance of tbe difference, if there is any, 
which we doubt. 
What Sbnll I Do for ihe Coll? 
Last harvest a sucking colt of mine cut 
one of its fore feet, two or three inches above 
the pastern joint. The wound was made by 
tile colt getting its foot between the guards 
of the mower. The cut seemed to he slight. 
But., instead of healing, a fleshy, almost 
wart-like, excrescence began lo grow from 
the wound. The part protruding is about 
half ns large as a turkey’s egg. It is not 
sore, neither does it lame the coll. 1 have 
tried various remedies for removing the pro¬ 
tuberance, such as burnt alum, corrosive sub¬ 
limate, &c., together with healing applica¬ 
tions. Nothing does any good. What shall 
I do ?—m. w. 
IHny IIuWm—C rntncitllB /Eslivnles. 
The Bossor Banner, Louisiana, says: 
“The May Haw crop is tine this year in this 
vicinity. The fruit is already ripe, and the 
lovers of tarts and jellies must hurry up in 
order to get a supply. No preserve is nicer, 
or better, or easier made, than jelly from this 
fruit." The following recipe for making 
May Haw jelly is given by the same paper: 
“ Simmer the fruit in a brass or carlhern ves¬ 
sel, with just enough water to prevent lmru¬ 
ing, in the beginning. When done, and the 
juice runs from the fruit freely, strain through 
a flannel cloth. To a cupful of the juice put. 
a cupful of sugar. Boil together in a brass 
or earthen vessel for twenty mi miles. Pour 
into small vessels, as cups, tumblers, etc. 
When cool, cover nicely with writing paper 
dipped in whisky, the paper to lie imme¬ 
diately on the jelly. Sun the vessels a few 
days.” _J_ 
Tender Apples in Uieliluud Co., AVIs. 
A. L. Hatch, Sec’y Richland Co., Wis., 
Hurt. Soe. reports the following apples as 
having winter-killed :—Rambo, Esopus Spit- 
zenberg. Early Harvest, Spice Sweet. N. Y. 
Greening (?), Gene ton, Yellow Belleflower, 
On ley, Rhode Island Greening. He adds: 
AH the above except the Yellow Bclleflower 
are considered tender by Western nursery¬ 
men, and very few of them are now propa¬ 
gated. Yet there are some good trees of 
the foregoing in fruit in the county—show¬ 
ing that we have some good sites for orch¬ 
ards, or that there is something in care. 
Take the Rhode Island Greening for ex- 
ample—Mr. M. Whitcomb of Richwood has 
one a foot in diameter, apparently sound 
and in good bearing state. Sir. Levi limits p j' 3 ' 1 T^RoBENsTIEL of 1 hat piacejms taken 
of Orion lias half a dozen good irees that . ti.» •««ii»1iinci , v is now ‘a- 
liave been in bearing some time. lie had 
supposed them Lo be St. Lawrence. Mr. D. 
R. Turner of Orion, Mr. C. H. Whitford and 
Joseph Martin of Sylvan, have each a tree 
of the Rhode Island Greening. The latter 
bon; six bushels in 1809. 1 know of but one 
bearing Yellow Bclleflower in the county, 
and that is owned by Mr. L. D. Pellut ol 
Forest. -Air. J. Elliot of Port Andrew lias a 
tree of Early Harvest that bore about twelve 
bushels in I860. 
The following tender varieties have been 
set, and some good trees of some of them 
FIELD NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Oal Ornss. 
The specimen of grass received from AN . 
C. B is commonly called Oat Grass (Arren- 
athenun avmuccmn). It is also called Grass** 
of-lhe-Amies, and if more or longer names 
are wanted, add “ Pestiferous Grass.” It it 
becomes too plentiful in your meadows, 
plow up and plant with corn,or other kinds 
of crops that require hoeing, until this grass 
is killed out; then seed down again with 
better varieties. 
Cnbbaiceft ns a Field drop. 
The New England Homestead, June 3, 
say»“S ylvester Mortars,Ellington, Ct., 
evidently understands raising cabbages. 
Last season lie devoted three acres to the 
business, and his crop Bold for $1.-00. 
From one acre lie sold $000 worth, an t 
from two acres $1,100. On one aero he had 
5,000 heads, and some of them -weighed 
from twenty to thirty pounds each. The 
cabbages were grown on a moist soil, am 
were highly fertilized wilk phosphates. He 
also raised an acre, and a-half of tobacco 
from which he realized $863.” 
TheSjiicar Beet Experiment at Freeport. I"- 
Sometime since we announced that 1 11 
Clmftsworth, Ill., Beet Sugar Manufactory 
was to be removed to Freeport Ilk. ami that 
ail interest in it. The machinery is now 
j„o removed. AVe learn that great improve- 
J Hits are to be made in the ariangemen 'l 
ilie machinery with a view to saving kd.oi 
P eifivof wale,-the want of which wn9 » 
great drawback at Clmfiswortb—is 
by y el low Greek. Beets can be cont meud 
for in the neighborhood ol I* reepm t i 
dollars per ton. The machinery will 
fifty tons pel’ day, and Mr. RosENSTIEU t 
they will iw.lia- Hftjr !»«*»•• 
mein. Ue wys,iu >' C!irs ; s ' 1 1„’ 
and perhaps AN iimebago county , ’ 1 gan _ 
ten large sugar factories, lie » 
inline, not only of success, but of leaiizr 0 
very largely on the capital invested. 
