lilt 1 
u-ihtrb. 
- % 
two roosters cost him for food, (beside $12.50 
worth of chickens raised) $12.82—that is, 
not quite 43%c. each per year, without the 
young chicks. The latter says he “ Paid 
^TT TTY rnWT for $10.95; hud sixteen hens and one 
cock that will average about 04!;>e. each 
I am desirous of breeding a variety of per year. Now, I have kept poultry for 
fowls of the above name. Can you inform some time, keep the most correct account; 
me where I can procure a trio of them ? yet 1 have never learned lolmv food enough 
What are their characteristics, history, for one hon wit ii one cent, to'feed her one 
&c. ?—O. Hayeb, Cook 111. y i .... w , iUn it 
week ol seven uu)b. V\ hut the cost oi 11. 
We do not know where Silky fowls can j* p. > a is, and what 1. 0. paid for his 
be purchased, neither have we ever had any may be a p r j„kt, bllt j W ould ] ike to know 
experience with them; but they are said to 
be careful sitters and mothers; as layers 
they about equal the bantam ; in size they 
are between the Bantam and Hamburg. 
They are compactly made, and stand on 
very short feathered legs. We herewith 
give a very fair engraving of this breed of 
fowls which was made from a pair of birds 
shown at, the last New York Slate Poultry 
Show. The feather of the Silky is so divid¬ 
ed in the web that it looks like floss silk all 
over the birds; their heads are decorated 
with small upright crests and double combs; 
the cheeks have ft tinge of black or bright 
blue, and by some are termed “ negro- 
faced the deaf-ears are blue, and the beak 
aiul legs black. These fowls were first im¬ 
ported to England from China and Japan. 
Those who have had experience with them 
aver they can be reared ns readily as the i 
Bantam fowl. 
-- 
POULTRY NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Pigeon Perches. 
As anything pertaining to improvement - 
is sought after by readers of the Rural 
New-Yorker, we have deemed the Birin- how much their poultry eat, that cost noth¬ 
ing-ham pigeon perches of sufficient import- ing. If poultry have a range of acres, with 
ance to have them engraved for our columns, access to barns, stables, &c., where they can 
They are not patented, therefore those of “ pick up their living,” let the reader know 
our readers having pigeon lofts are at liberty it, so that the amateur, who lives iu city or 
to erect them without the fear of infringing town, may not become discouraged by read- 
upon any one’s rights. The London Field ing other’s experience, when lie knows what 
says: his own is.—H. Robinson, Frostburg , Md. 
“ In construction 
, y~ liiu Egg**) &c. 
they are cheap and /„ r „ . , .. „ 
“ Uncle Williams, in charge ot the 
r U , Phu' / // \ 'V Rochester office, writes the New York office 
.° ’ ° / A of the Rural that 8. A. Smith, Wheatland, 
fixed against or sus- - - , T , . . . «. „ , 
.., N. Y., showed him soccimens of Brahma 
pended to a wall has , , ’ „„ „ • , . , . , , 
... .. lien s eggs, fifteen of which weighed three 
projecting from it a , ~ , , 
‘ and one-fourth pounds. 
number of square __ ~ XT T i m 
nerches each about Geo. Pearson, hprtugfield, N. J., exlnbil- 
peiclics, each about /====£> ed iu our office an egg of a Light Brahma 
four inches in leugtli. / , , , , . , 
On these the nhreons / A X pullet, which measured by 7% inches, 
, _ y ., / j/'k and weighed 8)^ ounces. Mr. Prauhon in- 
loos ’ m , as le forms us he has had remarkable success in 
perches are short, . , . , , 
, rearing chickens this season. With 40 hens iie 
there is only room , , , . . . , ... 
, has succeeded in rearing, up to June 10, (the 
lor one bird, so that , , ... A , - , 
„ , . k'v. date lie visited our office), 3oQ chickens, and 
fighting- is inipos- Tv , .. , ... tt i 
.., .> has lour hens setting. He has not lost a 
prevent the birds / >\ ehicken out of all U.s c ulcbca by tbs- 
fouling on those A\ ense or otherwise save one lb,it was taken 
perched below, two v / ^ * «'• , Mr *• of "l >,nlon T “ n0 
oblique wimrsare let ^-f “f‘V 11 ‘"T****• ,stal ‘“ 
into each perch i of ihelii. Thu ,a h,s tint season in the 
these effectually pre- cU,ck< '“ '"“‘“L. 
Serve the bird Under- Two Hrooils ofTurlm N II Year, 
Death from being 1 have a turkey hen that reared two 
soiled and being broods of young turkeys last year, but found 
obbniip thpv dn nnt a S ood deal of trouble with the last brood, 
o Uque, they do not it a frequent, occurrence to have a turkey 
allow any foothold hen broody t wice in one season ? Isildetri- 
by which a would-be intruder could gain an mental to “the fieri to allow it?—C. O. Mouse, 
advantage. A few of these placed against Loganssport, III. 
the walls of the loft are very conducive to Hen turkeys frequently lay and hatch a 
the peace of the inhabitants. A strong bird second time in the season ; but laic broods 
often persecutes most unrelentingly a weaker require great care. The chilly mornings 
one of the same sex, and under the ordinary aud cold nights of autumn may come before 
arrangements the poor victim does not know the poults have outgrown their delicate 
whore to fly for peace; but where these time; therefore the lute brood needs extra 
perches are present they furnish harbors of good care. We do not think it injurious to 
refuge; the bird flies on one and trims his the lien to allow her two sittings a season, 
plumes, despite of his pursuer.” hut if we could avoid it we should not allow 
how much their poultry eat, that cost noth¬ 
ing. If poultry have a range of acres, with 
access to barns, stables, <&c., where they can 
aim 1‘ntsbanirm- 
SUNDAY 0HEESE MAKING. 
The question of Sunday cheese making 
is beginning to occupy considerable atten¬ 
tion. At the Dairymen’s Conventions very 
little has been said upon the subject. It is 
true certain parties, and in some instances 
the representatives of certain Christian asso¬ 
ciations, have earnestly protested against the 
vY PAIR OF SILIi^T FOWLS. 
Feeillnif Yu miff Clitckeue. 
One of my difficulties used to be the in¬ 
terference of the grown tip poultry with the 
food of the young chicles while feeding 
them. At last l hit upon this device, which 
may be of use to some others:—1 made a 
frame four feet square, three feet high atone 
end, four feel at the other; placed four roost- 
iug poles—old broom bandies—across it, 
and roofed ii tight, leaving a small door in 
the Center of the roof. Then I made the 
sides by nailing lath on them, horizontally, 
just so far apart as would permit the en¬ 
trance of the young chicks but to the ex¬ 
clusion of chickens of a larger growth. 
We called the structure our “chicken 
boarding bouse,” and it answered to a 
charm. The little ones seemed to take to it 
naturally, and our Mary’s tin basin and iron 
spoon beating a tattoo, brought the little 
vagrants home in spite of an eratic mother’s 
clucking protests. They particularly pat¬ 
ronized the roosting rods in the heat of the 
day.— W., Germantown, Pa. 
Intonnatiou Wanted. 
I might say that I take Moore’s Rural 
New-Yorker almost exclusively for the 
Poultry Yard, (and I know others who do 
the same), therefore, I like to read the 
“Notes and Queries” for either profit or 
pleasure. But the “Poultry Experience” 
it, so that the amateur, who lives in city or 
town, may not become discouraged by read¬ 
ing other’s experience, when he knows what 
his own is.—II. Robinson, Frostbitrg, Md. 
Uiu Ebkh, &c. 
“ Uncle Williams,’’ in charge of the 
Rochester office, writes the New York office 
of the Rural that 8. A. Smith, Wheatland, 
N. Y'., showed him specimens of Brahma 
hen’s eggs, fifteen of which weighed three 
and one-fourth pounds. 
Geo. Pearson, Spriogfield, N. J., exhibit¬ 
ed in our office an egg of a Light Brahma 
pullet, which measured ti}4 by 7% inches, 
and weighed JHj ounces. Mr. Pearson in¬ 
forms us lie lias had remarkable success in 
rearing chickens this season. With 40 hens he 
has succeeded in rearing, up to June 10, (the 
date lie visited our office), 350 chickens, and 
has four hens selling. He has not lost a 
single chicken out of all his clutches by dis¬ 
ease or otherwise, save one that was taken 
by a cal. Mr. P. is of opinion there is no 
need of losing chickens if proper care is taken 
of them. This is his first season iu the 
chicken business. 
Two IlrondM of Turkeys a Year, 
1 have a turkey hen that reared two 
broods of young turkeys last, year, but found 
a good deal of trouble with the last brood. 
Is it a frequent occurrence to have a turkey 
lieu broody twice in one season ? Is it detri¬ 
mental to tlic hen to allow it?—C. O. Morse, 
Logamport, III. 
IIen turkeys frequently lay and hatch a 
second time in the season ; but late broods 
require great care. The chilly mornings 
and cold nights of autumn may come before 
the poults have outgrown their delicate 
time; therefore the late brood needs extra 
good care. We do not think it injurious to 
the hen to allow her two sittings a season, 
but if we could avoid it we should not allow 
it, for it has a tendency to weaken the hen 
and requires more care to fatten her, if it is 
desired to send her to the market, or even 
“ keep over.” 
Chicken Ten or Hurdle. 
Those desiring to pen or fence in young 
fowls within a small compass, on the lawn 
or in thegarden, will find in the accompany¬ 
ing engraving a neat plan for hurdling in 
young chicks or ducks. It is made of one 
and a-half inch wire mesh netting, in pieces 
one foot high by three feet long, and is fixed 
on wire spikes (as shown in engraving), so 
that a fold nf any required size can be fixed 
in two or three minutes. The mesh can be 
obtained of any dealer in wire-work. 
Crosninff Fowls. 
R. O. Chester informs us that he is satis¬ 
fied, after repeated trials, that the best 
breeds to cross, if a good hardy fowl is de¬ 
sired, is the Dorking with the Brahma. 
Sunday working of factories, and they liave 
asked the dairymen, when assembled at their 
annual conventions, to take action in the 
matter, and by resolution, at least, to show 
their disapproval of the practice. We do 
not remember to have seen any resolution, 
from any of these bodies, condemning the 
practice, nor do we know that a test vote 
has ever been taken on that question. We 
have been present at Conventions when the 
subject has been introduced, rftul where 
strong opposition was urged by certain 
speakers against any change of the usual 
practice, on the ground that the actual ne¬ 
cessities of the case demanded its continu¬ 
ance. The chief argument urged is, that it 
is far better that a few hands at the indi¬ 
vidual factory should work on the Sabbath, 
than that they be relieved and the members 
of a whole neighborhood be sudjected to 
labor. 
Again, it is argued that the abandonment 
of Sunday clieesQ^tking at factories would 
be destructive to Uni interest of tbc factory 
system to such an extent as to break up 
most of these establishments, and dairymen 
would go back to family cheese making. 
One of the principal reasons, they say, why 
the factory system lias become popular is, 
that the farmer’s family is relieved of Sunday 
labor, and hence any change of practice at 
the factories can not be tolerated. 
On the other hand, the factory manufac¬ 
turers and their assistants feel that their 
labor is oppressive, and that no community 
has a right to demand continued work, from 
day to day, during the whole cheese-making 
season. That they are not only deprived of 
all privileges for religious worship, but that 
a day of rest is imperatively demanded by 
the laws of nature. That a disregard of 
these laws, or of necessary rest, is the source 
of infinite ills and evils, for which the wages 
received at the factory are but a slight com¬ 
pensation. Indeed, that factory cheese mak¬ 
ing, as now generally conducted, is one of 
the most slavish employments in which per¬ 
sons can engage. Furthermore it is argued 
that the delivery of mi Ik on Sunday morning 
and evening requires extra work on the 
part of the dairyman and his team, and that 
to some one of the farm hands at least the 
Sabbath, under this practice, affords no day 
of rest. 
Now, many doubtless would be glad to 
have this practice of Sunday working 
changed, if they could see any possible way 
out of the difficulty. The cows must he 
milked and the milk cared for. The milk 
must not be thrown away; and to retain one 
day’s milk at tlie farm in the ordinary way 
would result in considerable loss on nccounl 
of sour milk, &c. It is true, they say, if we i 
had well constructed milk cellars, provided 
with conveniences of cold running water, ! 
the milk, doubtless, could be kept over in 
good order; but wo cannot go to this ex¬ 
pense and trouble, and, consequently we 
must continue in the old rut of delivering f 
milk on Sunday at the factory. 
We think Sunday cheese making at fac¬ 
tories may be abandoned, and without 
pecuniary loss to dairymen, while at the 
same time very little, if any, more labor will 
lie imposed upon them than under the pres¬ 
ent system. The recent invention of the 
large dairy pan, which is arranged so as to 
he surrounded on the sides and bottom with 
cold water, opens the way for the dairyman ! 
commodate different sized dairies, each pan 
having capacity to hold the entire mess of 
milk from the dairy at one milking. T wo pans, 
therefore, would be sufficient for the milk of 
one day. With cool, running water con- ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES. 
slanlly flowing under the pans, the milk - 
may be kept at a low, even temperature in The Periodical Cicada, alias Seveuteeu- 
an ordinary milk room, and under proper . V tI1 . 1 
care as to cleanliness and ventilation, may Tins interesting insect, is to appear over 
be preserved In good order over tl.e Sabbath c l uile a b i load , cxteilt country the present 
it the farm year, and as there will.no doubt, be many 
Suppose, tltcD, tbateaclx dairyman be pro- -Xojun® 
vital Will, two or ttaaa pans—that Ue sols >. I quote from the Missouri Bn- 
lito Saturday night's milk iu one and the “""logical «<J»rt for 1808, the loUow.ng 
c . * • , ... , ,, r P , passages m reference to the two Broods, 
Sunday mornings milk iu the other, then 1 . ° , ’ 
if the cream be taken off from both pans at 'vInch if my prophecy be correct, must now 
the time of milking on Sunday night and ^ rendering the woods noisy with their rat- 
the skimmed milk canned by itself and sent ? ,n ? i BO i n 8» 1U of 
to the factory Sunday night, with the night’s ‘lulicM tcd ; 
, ., It ROOD V.—Scptcmdeclm—l&i, 1871. 
milk canned also by itself, it may he kept by T . , 
it-self at the factory and made into skim- 
mod cheese on Monday morning. Or the probability, appear around the head of Lake 
Saturday night and Sunday morning milk Michigan, extending as far East as the mid- 
may be kept at thefarm until Monday morn- die of the State of Michigan, and West uti 
tug and then, taken to the factory. ‘ In this onkuown distance into Iowa. Also in Wal- 
o ,, i , i , | | „ •, worth couuty and other portions ot South- 
way Sunday cheese making could be avoid ern Wisconsin, and Southward into Illinois. 
ed and the profits from the butter of the Tbig brood is equal to Dr. Fitch’s .Sixth, 
milk would lie equal to the value of the It extends all over Northern Illinois, and as 
milk if made into cheese on the presentsys- far Smith as Edgar (Ounty. and its appear- 
tein. But even if it was found necessary to ;lUf ‘ e * n 1837 ami 1804 is well ami thoroughly 
the skimmctl milk to awl.., we should 
favoi this plan, believing that no pecuniary nois tvedectm brood, while it also interlocks 
loss would be sustained by making butter with Brood XJ1I {sejitcmdecim} in the same 
from the milk for one day during the week, county. 
Under the present system a large number '1 he.v M ill also appear in the same years 
ot dairymen arc forced to purchase a co.is.d- tcr cou ., t Pl , 5l f w hat is called the “ Pe- 
erable quantity oi butter for family use, and qut . a Valley,” having appeared there in vast 
often find much difficulty in obtaining a numbers in 1854. 
good urtiele. Some, even, are obliged to pur- The earliest known record we have of the 
chase of the grocer, and therefore have to appearance of periodical Cicadas, 5$ in Mou- 
puy him a i ofit l<u handling, xuidcs the u, e y appeared at Plymouth, Plymouth coun- 
mconvenience of buying in this way and tbe t}% Muss., In the year 1033. Now. accord- 
liability of getting a poor article —all of iug to that date, one might be led to suppose 
which could lie saved by manufacturing iu that this recorded brood of Morion’s be- 
the way we have named, at the farm. longed to this Brood Y, as exactly fourteen 
Without entering upon a discussion ot tiie 
morale of Sunday cheese making, and the we |, av c no other records ot Ids brood tliuu 
bud influences which it necessarily must that iu the “ Memorial,” whereas there aro 
have on the rising generation throughout the abundant records of their appearing one 
dairying districts, there is abundant argu- in tl,,; Pame locality ever since 
° ,i , r _ ,, . ‘ , 1787. There is, therefore, good reason to 
incut to prove that fanners would not only h( , li( . V( . t|ml lluJ ’ visil reC( mled by Morton 
save money and labor by the change m prac- Wll8 iV ,,,-cmature one, and that it was prop- 
tice proposed, but would also find relief by erly due in 1034 1 have therefore placed it 
having more leisure on the Sabbath than i" Brood VIII, and have little doubt but 
now obtains. The subject is one of very that ii records could be found, these would 
. . . , prove the Cicadas to have appeared m 1651, 
great importance, and we allude to it m the 1(W - im 17l0f nae/fog, !UU | 1770, 
hope that dairymen may seriously consider lxs l)ie y ,ua m 1787,1804,1821,1838 mid 1855. 
all its bearings, and with a way open for the ijkOOD VI.— Trcdcclm— 1858, 1871. 
abandonment of Sunday cheese making, In ll.e year 1871, being the same year as 
take such steps as will inaugurate a change the preceding, and ut intervals of thirteen 
of practice. years thereafter; they will in fill probability 
_»»»_ appear in tbe extreme south western corner 
BUTTEB TAINTED WITH LEEKS. 1“ 
Can you or any of the readers of the Rural \™ iV m'wSinn S 
New-Yorker inform me of anything that ‘A A.ix; ,V , \ 
will take the taste of leeks from the butter, 1 wmw ?*1^ H ' 1 ’s h m 4 r 
when the cows are obliged to run iu the lllld AT,, f ; : m 
woods where leeks grow in abundance ?-A ' vUu ® SSt * d ,be ‘ l StS « ill o 
StTRscurimn near hikv >“g the years 1832, 184.J and 18o8, while it 
* ’ . is distinctly remembered by aged people iu 
Ao, we do not know of any practical |,j g neighborhood as having also appeared 
method of taking the taint of leeks from therein the years 1800 and 1819. Dr, Smith 
milk and butter when cows are allowed to gives their range from the Mississippi River, 
feed upon this noxious plant. Leeks and e:lsl ,0 :l Udge forty-five miles from the 
... ’ , ,, liver that divides the btate, north and south, 
onions owe their peculiar odor, as well as am , and gOHlh l0 { he boundaries of 
ti.cir pungent and stinmliitmg qualities to , he 8llUe . recording them as occurring in 
an acrid, volatile oil. This principle is taken 1806, T9, ’32, ’45 and ’58. 
(Entomological. 
up in the circulation and passes into the 
milk. In like manner any other impurity 
taken into the stomach, which is capable of 
being carried into tbe circulating system, is 
certain to be found ill the milk. It has been 
proved by repeated examinations under the 
microscope, that the blood and milk of cows 
kept in the swill milk establishments and 
fed upon distiller’s slops were full of parti¬ 
cles of corruption, and dairymen should 
understand from these facts how important 
good, sweet, healthy food is to the produc¬ 
tion of fine-flavored milk. 
Dairy products, both butter and cheese, 
are often very much injured on account of 
the cows feeding iu weedy pastures. The 
daisy has been known to give a decidedly 
bitLer taste to cheese, and nothing is more 
essential for the farmer to understand, who 
desires to put upon the market a laucy high- 
priced butter than the fact that the utmost 
attention be given to the feed of his cows. 
We have seen the cheese of a whole factory 
tainted by leeks, and on account of this 
taint great losses were sustained. Some 
pastures, especially those recently reclaimed 
from the forest, are greatly troubled with, 
this bad weed. The only way that we know 
of obviating the difficulty is to eradicate the 
weed, hut if any one lias discovered a rem¬ 
edy or process of taking out the taste of 
leeks from buffer, or of lesseuiog the evil in 
any way, we should be glad to publish an 
account of such discovery, for it would be 
extremely valuable to a great many persons. 
-fr-tafr- 
Freezing Milk Without Ice. 
W. Borst, Slevensburgh (no State given) 
asks the Rural New-Yorker how he can 
With regard to the first-mentioned Brood 
(Y), the pique have already been noticed in 
great numbers in many r^rts of Iowa, and 
as the exact limit to wtilch they extend in 
that State is not known, it is to be hoped 
that proper observations will be made to de¬ 
termine such limits the present year. 
With regard to the lust mentioned Brood 
(VI), it has already appealed, true to time, 
as 1 learn from Dr. Phares, who writes that 
the pup® had* been dug up for several 
mouths past., ami that by the first of the 
month the perfect insects were already ap¬ 
pearing very generally. 
Wherever an orchard is surrounded by 
timber in any of the districts indicated in 
Brood V, let the owner watch and destroy 
as many of the pup® us possible when they 
first issue from the ground, for after the flies 
have once perfected themselves it will ho 
next to impossible to prevent them from in¬ 
juring the trees.—c. v. B. 
Clievry Aphis. 
Inclosed please find a cherry leaf, on 
which there are some kind of bugs or lice 
in countless numbers. Please inform ma 
through your paper wlmt they are, and in 
wluit way 1 can best get rid of them. They 
are entirely destroying my trees — N. B. 
BooTn, Logansport , hoi. 
The insect is one of the plant lice which 
attacks the leaves of various kinds ol plants. 
Those on the apple are called Aphis malt; 
on the peach, A. persiae, etc., etc., therefore 
by the same rule these should be called A . 
cerasi. Tobacco water or freshly slaked 
lime, scattered over the branches and leaves 
when they are wet, will usually destroy 
them They will, however, leave as the 
pleasure* But tbe 4< Poultry Experience” Tiiis made variety lay and sit well, rear their cold water, opens tbe way for tbe dairyman 
of n. E. F. and I. C., in No. 16 of Rural, young without trouble, and will make a to bold milk a day at the farm without loss, 
I must Bay contains neither, to the readers, capital table bird; as they come to maturity and without much expense for the purpose. 
The former says his twenty-eight hens and quite early. These pans are made of different sizes to ac- 
freeze milk without ice for the purpose of wea iher gets warmer, even if not disturbed. 
shipping it in hot weather eighty-five miles, - 
and the cost of the machinery, .fee. The I,meet on Cherry Trees. 
Only processes we know of for freezing with- T. M- Chadwick shou i sene us I 
out ice involve an expense of from $10,000 mens of the insect that woi on is c i 
to $30,000 for a machine. We cannot detail trees, if he wants us to identity hem auu 
the process here. give him information concerning them. 
