liarn of a ilnraltst. 
DAILY RURAL LIRE. 
From the Diary of 11 Gentleman near New 
York Citv. 
Sowing Kn la-lingan. 
June 2f>.—Sowed ruta-bagas to-day, select¬ 
ing the “ American Improved” instead of 
more fancy sorts. The ground was made as 
level as possible with harrow and rakes and 
ti k seed sown with a drill. I had intended 
behind some of our older favorites When 
I look upon my oldest plants and think of 
the price paid for them ($3 each) and then at 
the low rates at which they are sold now, I 
wish that I had waited a while before pur¬ 
chasing. Auratums arc getting cheap for 
the very good reason that they grow and 
multiply like weeds. 
-Huvkccinar Rlack C'npn. 
July 1.—-Having a few bushels of Black 
Cap raspberrries to spare 1 sent a thousand 
baskets to market and received two and 
a-half cents per basket. They were a prime 
article and reached market in excellent or- 
Arboriculture. 
loosely upon the trees, not enough to cover “ Bones maybe made fine enought for this 
them, but to break the force of the sun’s operation, either by grinding, etc., or by 
i put on a roller after the seed was in, but a dcr; hut at such prices 1 fail to see where 
shower prevented and in a measure rendered 
the rolling of the ground unnecessary, as it 
beat down tholight soil and made it quite 
compact. If the soil had been a heavy one 
and the surface covered with lumps, then 
a good rolling would have been beneficial. 
3Iv soil is a light, sandy loam, and I have 
found that rolling the surface, especially over 
small seeds, such as turnips, carrots and par¬ 
snips is very beneficial. Last year 1 tried an 
experiment on my turnips, rolling one-half 
the plot as soon as the seeds were sown, 
leaving the other portion unrolled. Quite a 
severe drouth followed, but the plants on t he 
rolled portion were fully two weeks in ad¬ 
vance of the others, and held it throughout 
the season. In a heavy soil or during a moist 
or wet season, no such results would have 
been obtained ; hut l am quite certain that 
garden and field rollers are implements not 
fully appreciated. 
PrimliiK Roues. 
June 27.—The June roses are passing out 
of bloom and the first (lush of the Hybrid 
perpetual* is also over, I usually com¬ 
mence pruning at this time by removing 
the oldest stems and branches and shorten 
those that are left for another season. Prun¬ 
ing at this time is quite an important opera¬ 
tion with those varieties from which blooms 
are expected again this season. The vari¬ 
ous classes of perpetual or monthly roses 
produce their flowers upon young shoots of 
the present season’s growth; therefore the 
more new growth we can obtain the more 
roses. It is not only a good plan to prune 
severely at this time, hut to add strong, 
stimulating manure to the soil; if applied in a 
liquid form, so much the better. Boses re¬ 
quire, and will bear, more manure than 
almost any other shrubby plant that we cul¬ 
tivate, and the “ perpetuals ” repay extra 
culture with large dividends in superb 
flowers, 
Tlir Chestnut. 
June 28 .—The chestnut trees are now in 
full bloom, ami their long, yellowish-white 
calkins or staminate flowers hang in grace¬ 
ful clusters from the end of almost every 
small twig and branch. I have a dozen or 
more large specimens in a grove near mv 
bouse, and although I admire and prize 
them highly, still they give me more trouble 
than any other tree upon my place. There 
are usually about twenty-five of these catkins 
on the end of every small branch, conse¬ 
quently many thousands upon each large 
tree. As soon as the pistillate flowers are 
fertilized the catkins begin to fall off, and 
during the next two weeks or more evory- 
Hiing beneath or near the trees is sure to he 
covered with those long, dust-scattering, 
worm-like appendages. Paths, walks, roofs 
and lawn are littered with this cast-off filth 
of die nohle-appearing chestnut. If the 
catkins fall upon a roof they will he carried 
down into the cisterns, if there are any, giv- 
’ u = il dark color to the water, and to it any- 
diing but a pleasant odor. The chestnut is 
n,S0 one of the first trees to shed its leaves in 
autumn—not that they all fall, hut a few are 
broken off and scattered about in just suf¬ 
ficient numbers to spoil the looks of a well 
i^l’ 1 lawn. I appreciate, the chestnut, not 
only for its beauty as an ornament, hut for 
valuable nuts and timber, hut would not 
plant it near nuy building or upon a lawn. 
AiioiiiuIiim (iii Grape Vine*. 
June 29.—Within the past few days seve- 
1 1 injurious species of beetles have appear- 
!j, ,,J)on l) ‘y «mpe vines,eating their leaves. 
,-V arc :il 'oiit three-eighths of an inch 
jn -, \ el low, black or brown color, aecord- 
! ; 'I* 0 s pecies, mid in form somewhat 
mu' beetle, although much 
1 u. ] hese beetles are known to ento- 
S ! ' S The Gloomy Ano- 
", ‘ ; " W/v "#) is of a pale, dull yellow 
' llb a thorax. Another spe- 
■I hl„V ina :' ll,K ' olliM )'ms a spotted neck Avit.li 
.. U * ln P‘ ! or large spot on each side of 
although’ The A almta is entirely black, . 
of a if , 1” HOm ° specimens the abdomen is j 
numei ' ' I These beetles, when 
by cons 'd«rahle injury to vines 
ewerh “ g „ , eilves; bnt they are easily 
from lliek-avel !‘, HV ° hflbit of ar °PP>ng 
" ps when disturbed. 
Jui on AHratiim. 
Hlics are heginuing to show 
f: ‘-‘itainiv -il' !' ,* °' ver8 ‘ The auratums are 
tense fr'n-T 7' !tb olI, ers in size and in- 
sooner t'hanT’ lUl l!link 01,e Ures of them 
s Pecies Th !f Uy tbe °^ er anf i smaller 
^J.\. Tbey are gaudy and make a meat 
my profits are to come from. Tlieremay be 
a profit, in growing raspberries at ten cents 
per quart, gross, or five, to eight cents net, 
but the producer must do most of the work 
himself and draw strongly on his imagina¬ 
tion to see a good balance sheet. 
tomc-fiertr* 
BLACK TEETH IN PICS. 
There is such a thing as black tooth in 
pigs, but not as a disease. Why do black 
teeth cause wheezing? Why not cause 
swollen and inflamed gums or sore months? 
Why do the breathing organs become uffeet- 
ed by black teeth, and not the parln more 
nearly connected? Examine their mouths 
and see if the gums are inflamed or swollen 
about these black teeth. If not, present 
some proof or give some reason why black 
teeth do affect the breathing organs of pigs. 
My experience is t hat all pigs have black 
teeth at a certain age. I have pigs six weeks 
old that have black teeth; and I have a Bo¬ 
land hoar, seven months old, that bad black 
teeth not more than a month ago. He 
weighs now two hundred and twenty lbs. 
I also have another lot of pigs, four months 
old, that have black teeth at, this time, and 
all my pigs are healthy and doing well. 
More than this, I dressed two hogs last win¬ 
ter which weighed two hundred and forty 
pounds, net, and were fat, healthy, doing 
well, and yielded over forty pounds of lard, 
rendered, per bead, which bad black teeth 
when killed ; being pets, 1 could examine 
their mouths at any time, and I found them ' 
with these teeth five or six weeks before be¬ 
ing killed. 
I would advise persons whose pigs arc 
affected with black teeth, to see that, they 
do not lay iu dusty beds or manure heaps; 
that they have no other disease than black 
teeth and plenty to eat. I think pigs can 
endure the two last named complaints and 
live. o. p. g. 
Kingston, Ohio. 
-4«*~*- 
PIG-PEN PAPERS. 
HEDGE IN KANSAS. 
A Kansas reader of the Rural New- 
Yokkkk wants to hedge a one hundred and 
sixty acre farm, but don’t like Osage Orange 
because “ they say it will have to be trimmed 
twice a year; and it would take me all sum¬ 
mer trimming hedges. Can’t you recom¬ 
mend something that won’t have to he 
trimmed ?” No, nothing hut wire, hoard, 
&c., fence. No hedge plant that we know 
of, good for anything, but requires trimming 
if it is kept down to a four and a half or five 
feet fence. But why trim at all after the 
bottom is thick enough ? In many portions 
of the West, wide head lands arc left about 
forty-acre fields, each side the hedge, which 
are seeded with grass and mown as meadow. 
The hedge does not injure the grass crop 
materially. Ami on the prairies such 
screens about forty-acre fields are not con- 
j demited yet, we believe, by those who are so 
1 fortunate as to have them. 
Bui suppose you do want to trim them. 
There are hedge trimming machines in use 
in Illinois that are drawn by two horses, 
which, driven on one side the hedge trim 
half of it. as fast us I lie team can walk. In¬ 
deed we believe parties who own these ma¬ 
chines travel around neighborhoods trim¬ 
ming by the job at very small cost to the 
owners of the hedge. 
The Honey Locust is an excellent, hedge 
plant, and does not grow as rapidly, and 
would not require as much trimming as the 
Osage. Neither ought to be objected to, 
however, because of their rapid growth, by 
any man who lias a prairie farm to fence. 
-♦♦♦- 
GROWING EVERGREENS FROM SEED. 
At the last meeting of the Kansas Horti¬ 
cultural Society, Mr. Robert Douglas, Wau¬ 
kegan, III., probably the largest, grower of 
evergreens from seed in this country, related 
lbs experience in growing evergreens from 
seed, ids mode of culture, transplanting and 
pruning. He saw no reason why evergreens 
cannot he successfully grown here. Other 
trees grow here that arc quite as difficult to 
transplant. He was of opinion that I he prin¬ 
cipal cause of failure is in planting too late. 
The idea has got abroad that the kept time 
to move an evergreen is just as it is starting 
into growth. Such is not his experience; 
thinks the notion originated in the fact Unit 
nurserymen who have a large amount of 
work to do in the spring, must put off some¬ 
thing, and evergreens will hear delay better 
than deciduous trees; the latter are pretty 
surely killed by transplanting late, while the 
evergreen is only stunned. Since ho came 
in, a gentleman had called his attention to a 
fact of great importance: The growt h of an 
evergreen just transplanted, is no evidence of 
its vigor or of the formation of new roots 
and a good hold of the ground. The growth 
which it makes is entirely dependent on the 
buds formed the previous year. In these 
buds are stored up all the elements of the 
Shoots made this year. Now, a tree planted 
out early will finish its growth early, and 
afterward go on making roots, and perfect 
tine, plump buds for a good growth next 
year; while a tree set late,although it makes 
t he same growth tills year, and appears vig¬ 
orous, will next year only make a feeble, 
stunted growth, because its terminal buds 
were weak and imperfect. 
Another important, point is, to pack the 
ground thoroughly about the roots. A vast 
number of failures occur from this cause. 
Many think they have tramped the earth 
A Hoif Clmuircs the Color of it* shin. evergreen just transplanted, is no evidence of 
As some of your correspondents seem to its vigor or of the formation of new roots 
take great pleasure in relating the eircum- and a good bold of the ground. The growth 
stance of a “so-called” Chester White sow which it makes is entirely dependent on the 
producing a spotted pig, 1 propose to give buds formed the previous year. In these 
litem another “mu toeraek,” by relating the buds are stored up all the elements of the 
fact following, to-wit.I have a Chester shoots made this year. Now, a tree planted 
White sow, one year old on the 7th of Janu- out early will finish its growth early, and 
ary last. When a pig about, six weeks old, afterward go on making roots, and perfect 
I noticed a blue or black spot about the size fine, plump buds for a good growth next 
of a silver five cent, piece on the skin, just year; while a tree set late,although it makes 
behind the left ear, which grew with the the same growth this year, and appears vig- 
growtli of the pig, until it was about the size orou8 > will next year only make a feeble, 
of a silver half dollar. stunted growth, because its terminal buds 
On the 7th of January last, when the sow were weak and imperfect, 
was just, one year old, she dropped her first Another important, point is, to pack the 
litter of pigs, which were all perfectly white, fii'ound thoroughly about Llie roots. A vast 
but which, from some cause, all died during number of failures occur from this cause, 
t lie course of the. day. I had a. litter of seven Many think they have tramped the earth 
Chester White pigs about one month old, thoroughly, but if they will observe they 
the mother of which lmd died the day pre- will discover that the first heavy rain settles 
vious. I put these pigs with tlio first men- ft still more. It is difficult to get the earth 
lioned sow, and in the course of a month hack Into the same space with the closest 
they had sucked her down poor—in fact, to packing; hence.it must be done with ex- 
bare skin and bones, and 1 was forced to take ceedingeare. Loose earth should he thrown 
them off. I fed the sow with the best of feed, 0,1 tbc top to prevent baking. Last summer 
and when she began to thrive she shed her was a very trying season for transplanting 
hair, and the blue or black spot began to trees, and he took a trip through the country, 
grow. Tier stow is now bine or black over among his customers, expressly to observe 
her entire body, and the hair is coming out f,,e effects of different modes of planting, and 
white as before. in the large majority of cases where ever- 
Will some of your correspondents, who greens lmd failed, he found the earth not 
seem to take great delight in heralding to th inly packed about the roots. Sometimes 
the world tlie fact, that a Chester White it will be made firm at the top, but a cavity 
sow, “so-called,” had produced a spotted left underneath. This is the most dangerous 
pig, give us a reason why this sow changed fault of nil; a tree so planted is almost eer- 
the color of her skin, and why, while the ta ' n t0 die. When one lias but few to set 
skin is changed to blue or black, the hair and plenty of time, it fa better to raise earth 
remains white ? in the center of the hole, in the form of a low 
“ The leopard cannot change his spots, c °ne or pyramid, and spread the roots care- 
uor the Ethiopian his skin,” but a Chester fahyoverit; blit by all means avoid abowl- 
Wbite sow can.— Lyhander W. Babbitt. shaped hole, lowest in the center. The eart h 
- will settle most in the center, and leave a 
Rea ring i’i«« i>y Hand. cavity just under the stem, which is fatal. 
1 here is no double in rearing pigs by Never wait fora rain to plant evergreens; 
hand taken Irom the sow (see Rural New- would not advise to plant in the mud, though 
rays. He imports nearly all his seed, simply 
because lie can get it cheaper; sows broad¬ 
cast in I lie spring, in his shaded bed, and 
rakes in; sows thick enough, so that the 
little trees will soon cover and shade the 
ground. At one year old lie sells off a part, 
thinning out the beds; runs a thin, sharp 
spade a few inches under the plants, and 
then they are easily pulled out. Those left 
in the tied, having the tap roots cut, will 
make fibrous roots, and are the same as 
transplanted trees. The number of seeds in 
a pound varies from 15,000 to 320,000, so 
that no fixed value can be given as to 1 he 
weight, to be sown per rod. Very small 
trees are most conveniently transplanted 
with a dibble, larger ones by digging a 
trench, laying the trees in, and lightly cov¬ 
ing. Tramp them firmly with the loot, then 
boiling under pressure, as previously de¬ 
scribed; indeed, by whatever metliod bones 
arc pulverized, they should always be treated 
with sulphuric acid before being applied to 
I lie soil, as this will more than double their 
value for immediate use. 
“ Bone-black is chiefly used by manufac¬ 
turers of superphosphate of lime, who treat 
it with acid the same as lias been directed 
above, only that, they grind the black very 
finely before applying the acid. 
“Mono ashes, or bones burned to whiteness 
may lie similarly treated. Indeed, in all of 
the forms of bones here described, the phos¬ 
phate of lime remains unaltered, ns it is in¬ 
destructible by heat; the differences of com¬ 
position are only in the admixture of organic 
constituents. 
“ The reason why superphosphate of lime is 
throw on more fine earth. Evergreens may so much better than phosphate, may be easily 
be trimmed just as safely as other trees, to 
thicken up or to change their form. 
-- 
ARB0RI0ULTURAL NOTES. 
IIcHk'uik. 
You will please inform me how to make 
a good hedge. VVliat kind is the best suited 
for ordinary land in West.Tennessee? When 
should I plant? Where can 1 get the seed ? 
What length of time is required to make a 
fence sufficient to turn stock? — A New 
Hand. 
To answer ail your questions would re¬ 
quire more space than we can spare, and wo 
would advise you to purchase some one of 
the several works on Hedging. See our 
book list, for title and price. 
To Destroy Ants. 
Can you or any of your readers tell me 
bow to destroy ants burrowing among the 
roots of young fruit trees.—T. O. B., New¬ 
castle, Ina. 
Pour strong lime water down into their 
nest. This will cause them to leave if it, 
docs not kill them. The best remedv is to 
explained. The phosphate is very slowly 
soluble in water, and consequently furnishes 
food to plants slowJy. A piece of bone as 
large as a pea may lie in the soil for years 
without, being nil consumed ; consequentlv, 
it will be years before its value is returned, 
and it pays no interest on its cost while lying 
there. The superphosphate dissolves very 
rapidly and furnishes food for plants with 
equal facility ; hence its much greater value 
as a manure.” 
-- 
ECONOMICAL NOTES. 
fa i'll* Green nml llie Colorado Rorato Hub. 
A correspondent of the Cincinnati Ga¬ 
zette says that after extended experiments 
lie finds one pound of Paris green, mixed 
thoroughly with one hundred pounds of gyp¬ 
sum or ground piaster, will kill the bugs. 
As to cost of application lie says: 
When the bugs are in the ground over 
winter, ready to commence their ravages on 
the young potatoes as soon as they come up, 
it may be necessary to dust them four times 
>es not kill them. The best, remedy is to t ]" ,ill S ll, « • s< ' a90n bt ‘ r ° rt3 <lu ‘y will be out of 
... . 
ft l ,Iace Ull « where no lnrger animals will estimate of cost, upon the hypothesis that, it 
get at it. Put the solution in a shallow dish 
and then cover with a flat stone, leaving 
room for the ants to enter. 
Trees Girdled 1» Mice. 
A Pennsylvania correspondent, of the 
Rural New-Yorker writes that, lie had 
three apple trees girdled last, winter. He 
look three old boots, cut off llie legs and slit 
them open; put a shovel full of fresh cow 
manure to each leg and tied one around each 
tree, covering the girdled part (about three 
inches wide all around) and then threw a 
couple of shovels full of earth against, each, 
to retain, the moisture. They have con¬ 
tinued to grow as before, thrift illy, although 
the weather in April or May was very dry. 
if arm tf-cotiown. 
PHOSPHATE OF LIME, 
estimate of cost, upon the hypothesis that, it 
will be necessary to give them four dressings. 
The first dressing will be required when the 
vines are small. Fifty pounds of plaster and 
one-luilf pound of green will be sufficient for 
one acre. The second time will require 100 
pounds plaster and one pound green ; the 
third and fourth 150 pounds plaster and one 
and one-lmlf pounds green each time will be 
ample, making 400 pounds of plaster and 
four and a half pounds green. Piaster at$l 
per hundred and Palis green at 00c. (the re¬ 
tail price here), we have a cost of $0.75 per 
acre, but this amount can be reduced by 
buying tbe articles at wholesale, wherelarge 
quantities are used. 1 feel confident that it 
need not cost more than .$0 per acre to save 
potatoes from ibis destroying pest. I make 
no allowance for trouble and time spent in 
using or dusting the mixture on the vines, 
for the reason that the piaster will more than 
pay for the trouble of putting it, on. An ac¬ 
tive man can, with a duster such as I am 
using, dress two acres per day, when the 
vines are full grown, and much' more when 
they are small. It, is one of the advantages 
of using this remedy that it destroys every 
vestige of the Insect, old and young, wit h the 
eggs, so that they Imve to begin anew after 
^ each dressing. If all who try to raise pota- 
C. M. D., Malone, N. Yasks whatsuper- toes would use this remedy, and use it thor- 
phosphateof lime is composed of, and how it o'lglily and systematically, it would save mil¬ 
ls prepared. It is composed (if pure) of lions of dollars to the country, and keep this 
bones, bone dust, bone black or tbe pure of food at a reasonable price. 
ashes of bones, with sulphuric acid added. 
In Waking's Elements tbe following method 
of preparing it is given : 
“ The process of making it. from whole 
hones is slow and troublesome, as it requires 
a long time for the effect to diffuse itself 
through the whole muss of a large bone. 
When it is made in this way, the bones 
should be dry, and the acid should be diluted 
in many times its bulk of water, and should 
be applied‘to the bones (which may be 
placed in a suitable cask, with a spiggot at 
flic bottom,) in quantities sufficient to cover 
them, about once in ten days; and at the 
end of that time, one-half of the liquid should 
be drawn off by the spiggot. This liquid is 
a solution of superphosphate of lime, con¬ 
taining sulphate of lime, and may he applied 
to the soil in a liquid form, or through the 
medium of a compost heap. The object of 
using so much water is to prevent an in¬ 
crustation of sulphate of lime on llie surfaces 
of the bones, this must be removed by stir¬ 
ring (lie mass, which allows the next appli¬ 
cation of acid to act directly on the phos¬ 
phate remaining. The amount of acid 
required is about 50 or (50 lbs., to each 100 
llis., of bones. The gelatine will remain 
after the phosphate is all dissolved, and may 
be composted with muck, or plowed under 
the soil, where 0 will form ammonia. 
“ Bone dust, or crushed bom s, may be much 
ltlul - A Uddfiler’s lnuuiHcs. 
tliod Permit me to call out, a little information 
through llie columns of your paper. I have 
bole a field of eight acres which has been run a 
Hires little too hard ; have had two corn crops 
ftselt taken off, and now have flax standing ready 
tone, | 0 cut. It is a clay field. I turned sod 
when I put on the first corn crop. Now 
what I wish to know is, in the absence of 
manure, had I best lime it; and if so, liow 
much lime to the acre, in order to raise 
a good wheat crop next season—1872. How 
ought the lime to be applied in order to get 
its full virtue? Shall I put it on after Urn 
wheat is sown and roll it in? Is land pias¬ 
ter good for corn, and is it hard on the land 
—1 mean on clay lands? Is land plaster 
like lime to land ; if not, in what regard does 
it, differ.-—F. B. Smith, Adams Co., hul. 
How to Ijiiv Out i« 160-Acrc I'i’iilric Farm. 
Having just taken up 1 GO acres Govern¬ 
ment land, 1 would like some good plan by 
which to divide it up. It is just, half a mile 
square, with no wood nor water on ft. It is 
almost level. I would like some plan as to 
where to put my house, barn, orchard, lanes, 
(fee., so that, it would be most convenient.— 
Kansas. 
Our correspondent should have told us 
what kind of farming he is going to under¬ 
take—whether grain, stock, small fruit, or 
Aorker May 27, page 331), if one-third 
warm water ls added to new milk and fed 
for two or three weeks.—it. ir. k. 
-»-*■♦- 
Inquiries for Swineherds.— Will your 'corre¬ 
spondent tell me how many and what part of 
*ucy ZUCtrailflv niwl ivw.l--- ^ ' --1*111.JJ Hint nilUt |#UIL OL 
s!i °W; but for a rW • a greak the month, and of what size do black teeth ap- 
acquaintance are far pear, and what causes them.— f. w. m. 
lie himself was often obliged to do it. Did 
not himself shade small evergreens when 
transplanted, but it is better, especially in 
this hotter climate. 
A good way is, after the growth is fin¬ 
ished and the weather grows hot, go over 
the rows and shake a little prairie hay 
more easily changed to the desired Condition, wheat,? Let some of the prairie farmers 
as llie surface exposed in much greater, and who have experience in laving out farinand- 
thc acid can act. more generally throughout vise “ Kansas ” 
the whole mass. The amount of acid re¬ 
quired is the same as in the other case, but F * & vvv * lVul 
it may be used stronger, two or three times wrLlj be fomi(1 ° r m<ne value fov maintrial 
its bulk of water being sufficient, if the hones P ur P°“ 8 llinu f ' or cranberries; but if drain- 
are finely ground or crushed—more or less e<, > lllul 'be surface covered with a heavy 
water should be used according to tbe fine- Messing ot pure sand, it would, doubtless, 
,i „ i „ t,, .. produce cranberries. Wc shall have to refer 
lie s >1 the bones. Die time occupied will you to our advertising columns to find the 
also be much less, and the result of the opera- names and address of those who deal in 
tion will be in better condition for manure, plants. 
