tills large percentage of water by the stom¬ 
ach, when it. is mixed with coarse foods. 
Paris, Ontario, July, 1871. W. H. B. 
-»♦» 
CARROT CULTURE. 
In answer to your correspondent’s inquiry, 
allow me to say that unless he lias manure 
entirely free from seed lie should manure his 
land in the fall, and heavily; plow deep, 
smoollie the land, and sow the seed at early 
corn planting time. If he has no suitable 
markers, take an ax and auger, go to the 
woods, get a pole suitable, bore holes for 
legs two feel apart; cut some poles for thills, 
leaving n limb on each for a hold-hack ; put 
in the pole three or four legs for markers, 
each two feet long; insert the thills and two 
sticks for handles, hitch on the horse, put a 
boy on, if lie lias one (and he ought, to), and 
drive on, marking out the land. Have the 
seed in a small pail, which hold in one hand 
and sow with the other. Choose a time to 
sow the seed when there is no wind. To 
cover, take the hoe with the edge up: start 
backwards on the row ; give the dirt a rake 
at the side of the row to cover the seed ; 
cover about one inch. When the entire 
patch is sown, roll level. 
On sod ground there will he but little 
weeding to do. Tend them well; thin if 
necessary. The common long yellow carrot 
I find the best. One pound of seed will sow 
an acre. By the mode described, I can sow 
and cover an acre in one day. I raise my 
own seed. I pick the seed-heads and keep 
them without shelling. The seed will keep 
well two years, and I presume longer. When 
the carrots are to he dug, plow a deep fur¬ 
row close to the row, and they can he push¬ 
ed or pulled out easily. 
There is more money in a patch of carrots 
for horses and cows than in any other crop. 
Corry, Pa. j. s. 
-- 
FIELD NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Seeil pel - Acre. 
I find the following table going the rounds 
of the agricultural press, and send it to you 
that you may publish it in the Rural New- 
Yorker and ask farmers to give, from their 
experience, any corrections they may think 
proper to make in the amount, of seed desira¬ 
ble to sow per acre, of the respective crops 
named.—J. G. P., Livingston Co., 111. 
The following is the table referred to by 
our correspondent: 
Kind 
of seed. 
Clover (rod)...., 
Clover (white)........... 
Tini'itliy.. 
lied top 
I,awn itrase. ... 
Kentucky Blue Grass... 
Millet.. 
Hmifffirlan Grtios 
Flax Seed. 
Buckwheat... 
Turn I j) Seed . 
Turnip?. 
Wheat. 
Oats. ,. 
Bye.. 
Itarlev. 
Com In oar. 
Corn meal.. 
Irish potatoes. 
Sweet potatoes.. 
Corn (tarjjo yellow). 
Corn (smalll ... 
Peas meld). 
spin pent!. 
Beets (field).. 
Heims (white). 
Castor beans.. . 
Carrots. .. . . 
Onions . 
Top onion setts. , 
Hemp. 
Upland eotlon seed. 
It ape seed. 
Kale seed . . 
Osape oran.ee seed. 
Horghuin seed. 
Bran. . 
Dried pouches... 
Dried applos. . 
Malt bin lev. 
Silt. 
Coal. 
I .line .. 
Cement. 
Plaster Paris. 
Hair. 
Seed 
per acre. 
.6 to 10 lbs. 
.4 to li lbs. 
.8 to III lbs. 
..8 to la lbs. 
..IJf, j-i to 2 bush 
• H to IS lbs . 
■y to i bush. 
• H to ft hush_ 
.W hush. 
• S to Y hush... 
.1 lh.. . 
Pounds 
per bush. 
..fiO 
li( to 1 q bush... 
.'•! to 3 bush. 
I.g to 1‘, hush... 
. l'Y to 2 bush. 
.12 to 15 hush ... 
.1) to 3 rjllal Is . 
,4Y to n quarts. 
.2 to bush... 
aiii, 
..10 lbs. 
, .3 quai ls. 
..3 t.O 4 lbs. 
..4 to 5 lbs. . 
. .30 to 00 lbs. 
. It to 10(1 lbs.... 
..lOto 12 lbs .... 
.10 to 12 lbs. 
..tO to 20 Iba. 
.57 
.(10 
.32 
. 55 
. 10 
.50 
. 50 
.no 
. 50 
. 50 
. fit! 
. HI 
. GO 
Effect of Limed liny upon Stock. 
The Boston Cultivatin' says:—“A farmer 
informs ns, who limed some of liis hay one 
season, that li is cows when fed on it scoured 
badly; in older to satisfy himself, lie fed 
them on unlimed hay, and scouring at. once 
ceased, lie then fed them again with limed 
hay with the same result, lias any other 
farmer had a like experience nr otherwise V” 
Sonp Suds mol Potato Hups. 
A conuEspoNDKNx of the Iowa Farmer 
says lie saved his vines from llie bugs by 
showering them once a day for a week with 
soap suds. 
M. B. Bateham in Ohio Farmer says: 
“Only a few of the ‘bugs’ have as yet ap¬ 
peared in my neighborhood, hence 1 have 
not experimented as largely on them as I 
had intended; but from what I have done 
in this way I am convinced that the use of 
carbolic soap suds will prove a much safer 
and cheaper remedy than Paris green, and 
equally effective if properly applied. My 
chief object in writing now is to urge those 
whose potatoes are infested to try this rem¬ 
edy and report the result. The kind of soap 
is that called “Carbolic Plant Protector.” 
The cost is about filly cents per pound—less 
by the quantity. One pound of this soap 
dissolved in eight or nine gallons of water is 
as strong as the plants will bear, and 1 find 
on experiment that a single application of 
this liquid, sprinkled over the potato tops 
with a fine watering can or syringe, during 
the day lime, when the insects ure on the up¬ 
per side of the leaves, will speedily kill all 
the eggs and t he bugs that are not more than 
half grown ; and a second application a few 
hours later will destroy those of larger 
growth. None that had changed to the 
winged state were included in my experi¬ 
ments, as none were to be found at the time.” 
The European Hop I'rospectN. 
Emmett Weeds in his Hop Circular for 
July 13, says—“ The Continental crop will 
now he watched with more than usual in¬ 
terest. Reports from all the districts except¬ 
ing Belgium are discouraging, and point too 
small yield. England will hardly know how 
to get along without German hops, and if she 
has to depend entirely upon America for her 
deficiency, our growers will he apt to real¬ 
ize remunerative prices; it behooves them, 
therefore, to take extra pains in the culture 
and care of their yards this summer, and 
strive as fur as possible, to improve the qual¬ 
ity of their produce. The low prices winch 
have ruled during the past three years have 
been the means of causing many farmers to 
neglect their yards; the result is, there lias 
been a great deterioration in the quality of 
the hops. If we are to be favored with an 
export demand from England, this coming 
seasou, tlml demand will be. only for our 
choice hops, as the blight and disease on her 
own crop M ill furnish all the common hops 
she will require. With only an average yield 
in this country, a partial failure of the crop 
in Germany, and a total failure in England, 
high prices must rule; and judging from 
present appearances, things are certainly 
tending that way.” 
arm (fcconomn. 
I; be $}crrsi mm. 
NOTES P0R HORSEMEN. 
Remedy for \Yiml-It it a hi hr. 
Having accidentally seen in the Ruiiae 
New-Yorker of June 17th an inquiry for a 
wind-breaking horse, I thoughl I would 
send you a remedy I have used with success: 
One even teaspoonful, of gunpowder; the 
same quantity of asafmtida; roll in a piece 
of soil, paper; bold the tongue down with 
the k-fl hand and put the medicine as fur 
down the throat as possible; repeal the 
dose two mornings, then miss three. If it. 
is not cured, try in the same maimer again, 
if it is fora win Abrculdng instead of wind- 
broken- horse, 1 think this will be successful; 
I if not, here is another recipe: 
One [tint of vinegar; two ounces alum 
(powdered); a. tcaspoonful of ginger; mix 
and shake well and then add one teaspoon - 
ful of soda. Drench immediately. 
P. S. — The last recipe is an excellent 
remedy for bolts in horses.—S. R. IIubbell. 
!"Urnftrlilrulnir n Horse’s Ankle. 
We find the following in the Ohio Farmer, 
credited to “Exchange:”—Last spring 1 
bought, a horse for six dollars, for the pur¬ 
pose of plowing a few days during the time 
Hint my mare was not. til to work. This 
horse was crooked in one of bis fore feel; so 
much so that bis foot would tip dear over, 
lie went down bill on three legs. 1 worked 
him six or eight days. I did pot expect any 
more value from him; but on the 18 th of 
May I cut the large cord about halfway to 
the knee, so that it let Ids foot down flat on 
the ground. In six weeks it healed up, and 
I put out over thirty acres of when!;, and he. 
helped to do it, besides considerable other 
work. He is now ten years old. I consider 
him better than a ringboned or spavined 
horse. He is now able to do as much farm 
work as any horse. Three years ago he was 
worth $200. I got from a young physician 
the idea of remedying the defective foot. I 
write this for the benefit of any who may 
have such a horse. 
Remedy for Bruises, Galls, Eic. 
I saw an article in the Rural New- 
Yokkkk from a Florida correspondent, tell¬ 
ing the numerous remedies he had tried on 
his mule’s back. I’m sorry for tlie mule; 
and 1 venture to say if it had not been a mule 
he never would have survived. Allow me 
to recommend a salve made ns follows: 
Take a piece of stone lime the size of a man’s 
list; put in an earthen vessel; add water; 
let it slake and settle; lake the clear water 
and slit* in sweet oil to the consistency of 
thick cream ; then it is fit for use. Thelime 
water will cut the oil like alcohol. The 
lime cleanses the sore and llieoil heals it. 
This for bruises, galls, aerate lies, sores on the 
lop of horse’s neck, &e„ is the best, simplest 
and cheapest remedy I Lave ever found. It 
is also good for human llesh, for old sores of 
long standing, erysipelas, salt rheum, &e. 
Let all the Rural readers who are afflicted 
with any of the above try it, as they can hut. 
be pleased with its effect. Thecost is trifling. 
Let me add, this recipe cost money, but if it 
should help the mule or any of the human 
family, they are thrice welcome. 
To Break n Horne of Rawing. 
Toll your Mitldlcbury correspondent to 
nail iron strips across the horse’s stall—say I 
Strips one inch wide and one-liidf inch thick, 
six inches apart, securely nailed crossways 
liis stall—and they will soon make him sick 
of pan ing, when he will no doubt find some 
other way of passing away the time. If lie 
takes to kicking, fasten the trace chain 
around his fetlock; if to cribbing, trade him 
off and let someone else cure him pf that de¬ 
testable habit.—II. N. Carpenter. Clinton 
Co ., Mich, 
IRRIGATION IN COLORADO. 
At a recent meeting of t he St. Louis Farm¬ 
ers’ Club Mr. J. II. Tick said he was one of 
the party which went to Colorado. His ob¬ 
ject in going there was to inform himself 
thoroughly before be formed an opinion tiro 
or con. He must, confess that during the 
first three days he spent in the Territory, see¬ 
ing the slovenly and certainly unscientific 
irrigation there was around the new place 
Of Greeley, where they knew nothing of ir¬ 
rigation, and where they did injury to their 
crops and trees, lie was not favorably im¬ 
pressed with it. In the neighborhood of 
Denver there was not a den 1 of cultivation 
in comparison with other portions of the 
Territory. As before stated, the price charg¬ 
ed for irrigation was a dollar and a half per 
acre, but then it was regarded as enormous, 
and at Boulder the actual cost of a per¬ 
son using the water is not more than about 
five or eight cents to the acre. If u man has 
sixty acres of land he can buy an interest in 
the water used in irrigation for fifty dollars. 
Then lie is taxed a pro rata for keeping up 
Hie main ditch ; the side ditches he lias to 
keep up himself. Whatever the charge of 
keeping up the main canal may be, it is rated 
among the stockholders. It usually costs 
lour dollars annually, and was never known 
to be five dollars. If they were to calculate 
six percent, on the fitly dollars, and add five 
dollars for keeping the canal in repair, that 
would he all Hie expense for water, for ICO 
acres. It would be five cents an acre. That 
they do produce enormous crops there is no 
question. 
Sometimes they have abundant rains in 
the fall, and in such cases, if the ground is in 
good li 1 Hi and winter wheat is sown, it yields 
abundantly, just as abundantly ns spring 
wheat will do. But the fall being generally 
unfavorable, and Hie chances being against 
its taking root suffleient. to maintain during 
winter, they have generally abandoned the 
growth of winter wheat. He saw a field of 
winter wheat that was wlmt they culled a 
volunteer crop. It was where a crop of win¬ 
ter wheal had been grown a year before. It 
bad Sprung up from what had been left on 
the field after harvest. The prospect was 
that the yield would he from twenty-five to 
thirty bushels to the acre. The reason it was 
not turned do^n^na that in the spring of 
the year it was seen Hie winter wheat had 
come up, and as it was promising pretty well 
they let it go. Now, said he, there is a Mr. 
Wilson there, who is from Pennsylvania, 
and a capital farmer. He says he has grown 
wheat, there for seven years, and that during 
that time he has always fully averaged the 
price of wheat in New York city, selling it 
by tlie centum—$8.40 to $5.80 per centum. 
The flour made of that spring wheal, is equal 
to Ihe best St. Louis Hour lie ever saw. It 
lias not Hie character of spring wheat Hour 
here, which is complained of by those who 
convert it into bread, and certainly finer 
bread made from Unit he never saw. 
-- 
ECONOMICAL NOTES. 
Protection to Cotton Planters. 
The Reconstrue led Farmer says:—“Let 
every Legislature in the. cotton States ap¬ 
point salaried officers, whose business it shall 
he to go nroun I as regularly in the spring as 
do the tax assessors, and list the number of 
acres of land in cotton and grain,and in the 
fall (say October) let him go to every gin 
House in his district and there learn, as near 
as possible, the extent of the crop, and im¬ 
mediately make a report to headquarters of 
the Stale, By a system of this sort, we 
should avoid being swindled as we are. 
This would save the States South millions 
annually that are now directly filched from 
them by willful misrepresentation." 
Management of lien Mniiiirc, 
Josiaji Puffer, in the New England 
Farmer, says:—“ T would say that in 1868 I 
took four bushels of dry hen manure, t urned 
it on the barn floor, took a common flail and 
threshed it to a powder; then took twenty- 
five bushels of muck that had been dug 
eighteen months, spread it. on the burn floor 
and thoroughly mixed it with the lien ma¬ 
nure. A single handful of this compost was 
put in the hill, and the com dropped upon 
it. I had a splendid field of corn. Planted 
one row without Hie compost. That row 
could be distinguished all through the sea¬ 
son, being about two weeks behind the 
rest of the field, and finally it never did 
catch up with the rest. I believe if farmers 
that keep from twenty to thirty hens would 
save all the droppings and compost it in the 
n ay as above, or in some better way, instead 
of buying fertilizers as many at the present, 
day do, it u'ould be very much more to their 
advantage.” 
Piaster of Paris. 
Please inform me if the plaster I often 
see recommended in the Rural New- 
Yorker, for different crops, is our common 
Plaster of Paris. If so, in what way does 
it benefit plants?— Ignoramus, 7,inn, Muss. 
The substance so often referred to in our 
columns as plaster, is also known by several 
other names, such as Gypsum, Sulphate of 
Lime, Alabaster, Plaster of Paris, etc., etc. 
Pure gypsum is composed of lime, 28 parts; 
sulphuric acid, 4ft; water, 18. When re¬ 
quired for fertilizing land, it is merely quar¬ 
ried and ground fine; but when wanted for 
finishing walls and stuccos, the water is 
driven off by heat, usually termed boiling 
or baking ; this is of little use to land, com¬ 
paratively. The action of plaster upon soils 
is somewhat similar to that Of common lime, 
i. c., aids in dissolving organic materials, and 
putting them into a proper condition lobe 
used as food for plants. It is quite probable 
that a small portion of the plaster is also 
taken tip by plants, but this material alone 
u ill not make a poor soil fertile. The ben¬ 
efit to be derived from the use of plaster 
depends very much upon the season and t he 
composition of the soil to which it is applied. 
|k fjerbswam 
HEAVY STOCK MEN ATTENTION. 
A Hauler to all Smelt Men in (lie United 
Slates. 
I, Jacob See of Montgomery Co., Mo., 
•will bring my mammoth ox in a ring of 
sweepstakes to exhibit in St. Louis on the 
Fair Grounds of the Agricultural and Me¬ 
chanical Association during the fair in Oc¬ 
tober, 1871. 
The follou’ing are the conditions of the 
banter or challenge:—Each and every man 
entering, to deposit with N. J. Colman, or 
G. O. Kalis, Secretary of the Agricultural 
and Mechanical Association, $250 between 
now ami the first day of September next, 
the officers of said St. Louis Association to 
appoint the Committee to decide on said 
animals, with the following understanding: 
one-half of the whole amount found on de¬ 
posit on the first day of September next to 
he given to the man that shows the best 
fatted bullock; the other half to the man 
that shows the bullock that is worth the 
most money per pound. No bullock allowed 
to enter weighing less than 2,500 pounds. 
A Proviso.— In case of the death or any 
unavoidable accident to any animal entered 
for the above rings, the owner to have the 
privilege of drawing ln« money without any 
forfeiture on his part, by filing a statement 
of the same, verified by oath, that the death 
or accident. Mas unavoidable on liis part. 
New Florence, Mo. Jacob See. 
-- 
NOTES FOR HERDSMEN. 
Wlmt Ails my Cow? 
About six weeks since she began to get 
stiff, as if foundered, and lias been growing 
worse ever since. Now she cannot get up, 
and lias lost all use of her hind parts. She 
eats well, chews her cud, and appears all 
right in her passages. She calved about the 
first of April, and the afterbirth was detained 
three or four days. But she. did well several 
Meeks and gave her usual quantity of milk 
for some time after she commenced getting 
stiff. Any person giving a remedy will con¬ 
fer a favor on a—B uckeye. 
A New Cm i to Disease. 
C. II. Stoddard, Rock Island, III., writes 
us that during a recent trip through Mercer 
county in that State, he learned of a disease 
among cattle of which he had never hoard 
before, and by which one man lost thirteen 
animats out of a herd of twenty. He says: 
“ The cattle were taken with a pain, or itch¬ 
ing, about Ihe tail or hind parts that caused 
them to ml) very violently against anything 
—even thorny hedges, and in one case the 
cow M-iis so crazy that she caught hold of her 
oM’ii tail and pulled it off. They pass a 
bloody substance, so strong that it would 
take the hair off their legs •wherever it fell on 
them. They usually die in twelve to twenty- 
four houvs after taken. I think none recov¬ 
ered that M ere attacked.” 
Sliorhlloiim Ilanl lo Dent. 
I notice that whenever any one raises a 
pig or a calf, which they think hard to beat, 
they send Ihe age and weight to the Rural 
New-Yorker for publication. Taking their 
example, I send you the following:—I sold 
today lo William Simpson of Pottawatta¬ 
mie Co., Iowa, a two-year-old Short-Horn 
hull, bred by myself, which weighed 1,030 
pounds. This hull was calved March 20, 
1809, and is this day tuo years, two months 
and twenty-seven days old. I also sold to 
William Relink of this county, about two 
months ago, a calf from this bull and out of 
one of my Durham cows, which calf was 
dropped on the 14th day of February, 1871, 
and being uow only four months and seven 
days old, weighs over 500 pounds. Who, 
either iu the East or West, can beat, with 
their stock, these two animals? I think 
the} r are hard to beat.— Lysander W. Bab¬ 
bitt, Pottawattamie Co., Iowa. 
|kq) |nsbitnbrt). 
UNITED STATES WOOL INTERESTS. 
Now that wool growing has again be¬ 
come an interesting item in the farm econo¬ 
my of the United States, the question natu¬ 
rally arises as to the stability of prices in 
the future. What Americans most need as 
a pre-requisite to success in business is a 
fair comprehension of the probable future 
since this knowledge will enable any man' 
of good understanding to shape his affairs 
to any possible contingency. 
The past history of wool growing and 
wool manufacture in this country, i laa 
seemed to demonstrate the fact, that in order 
to success, there must he governmental pio- 
teclion to both, and when we arc called 
upon to say wlmt arc Ihe future prospects 
of wool growing in the United Stales, avc 
must refer, for a solution lo the question to 
what will be the policy of the Government 
in this item of domestic production. With¬ 
out extending our observations into other 
matters embraced in a general tariff system 
wc may accept recent developments as sig¬ 
nificant of a revival of feeling in favor of 
protection to American wool growing. If 
this can he assured to the farmers, there is 
nothing in the way of an increased atten¬ 
tion to the raising of sheep in this country. 
The presence of a fair proportion of sheep 
on the farm, with other kinds of livestock, 
is so eminently desirable, that nothing hm. 
ruinous discouragement, in the price of wool 
will prevent, our farmers from having them; 
and with a fair prospect of the continuance 
of the present encouraging aspects of ike 
wool interests, we shall expect a healthy in¬ 
crease of the sheep flocks of the couiilrv. 
For a successful prosecution of this business 
everything now seems propitious; the flocks 
have been weeded of all diseased and unde¬ 
sirable animals, so that the foundation of 
future Increase is both healthy and select, 
while the commercial disasters of the imme¬ 
diate past will regulate mens’ minds to a 
nise and prudent course of future operation 
in wool growing.—s. d. n. 
-- 
NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Feeding Hlieep Sulphur. 
In answer lo an inquiry, A. M. Garland 
iu Western Rural says:—“Unless they are 
diseased or have been exposed to some con¬ 
tagion, m'C think there is no necessity for 
feeding sulphur at all. Treat your sheep, 
and in fact ail domestic animals, upon the 
same common-sense principle that you do 
your children. Give them all the good, 
wholesome food they will eat up clean. 
Keep them otherwise comfortable, by fur¬ 
nishing plenty of water and shelter from 
storm and sunshine; salt, when on grass, as 
often as every fifth day—giving about a ten- 
spoonful to each animal. Iu winter once a 
week will he often enough. Avoid dosing of 
every kind until there is an apparent neces¬ 
sity for it. Sulphur is a good aperient; it 
should always he given in rather small doses 
—say one-half an ounce to one ounce. We 
have known it to be used both externally and 
internally when treating sheep for the scab, 
with apparently good results. Unless used 
quite sparingly, the animals should always 
be sheltered from storuiB some time after ad¬ 
ministering to avoid injurious consequences.” 
Pino Kliecp in Tennessee. 
One of the most noted flocks of fme- 
wooled sheep in this country, is that which 
was founded by Mr. Mark R. Cockuill, 
many years since, near Nashville, Term. 
Mr. C. when quite young—he is now more 
than fourscore years—went to Now Eng¬ 
land, and returned with seven sheep, driving 
them on foot the entire distance. They were 
selected from the different families of Hie 
Merino, being chiefly Saxon and Silesian. 
They found a congenial homo, increased 
rapidly in numbers, and improved in size of 
carcass, as well as quantity and quality of 
fleece. In 1851, Mr. U manifested the prop¬ 
er enterprise in placing samples of the wool 
on exhibition in the American Department 
of the London Exhibition of 1851 ; from the 
report on which, now before us, we take 
the following “ Mr. Cockuill : The wool 
transmitted by Ibis exhibitor, hum Nash¬ 
ville, is well got. up, and exhibits, like the 
preceding specimens, (German wool), a 
quality of fiber indicative of earn and slim 
in the’development and improvement of H‘ e 
fleece, which calls for the a.Ward ol the 1 nze 
Medal.” 
During the late war, the number of the 
flock was so much reduced that but some 
five hundred now remain. They are DOW 
owned by liis sot), B. F. Cockuill. >\ e 
saw the clip of the present season from tins 
tioclc. It was shorn very early. The avei- 
age weight of fleece is something over U>\u 
pounds, the grade very uniform and chiefly 
from XX lo picklock, and the market value 
as high as any clothing wool grown m tuts 
country. Tlie sheep are thorough-bred.'} 
judicious original selection and cared 
breeding for some fifty years can remiei 
them so. To Colorado, Texas, California, 
Tennessee, or any mild climate, they au 
admirably adapted.— National Stock Journal. 
