h 
nrrTrrn- { 5 St., new Vork 
OFFICES. { 8 a Iiuiiaio s,. t Hodivatcr. 
WHOLE NO. HR3. 
NEW YORK CITY AND ROCHESTER, N. Y, 
FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, AUGUST 5, 1871. 
j #3.00 PER YEAR. 
■ i t<jji)jr|e iYo., Eight- L’cnla 
YOL. XXIY. NO. 5. 
[KMti'Tvti lu cordinc to Act of Consrres?, in the year 1ST1, by t). 1). T. Mouuii, in tlie office of the Librarian of Coru?reiss, at Wushtneton.] 
fentomologifiil. 
CODLING MOTH OR APPLE WORM. 
(Cni'pooayna Pomoiielln, Linn.) 
varies accordin'? to the slate oT the atmos¬ 
phere, temperature, Arc. 
Tileve are Two Brood* Enc-li Year. 
fruits, tins insect nevertheless breeds freely 
in pears, crabs and quinces; and, not con¬ 
tent with pip fruit, it has, during the past 
Between latitude 38" and 43' this insect is three, years, in certain localities, been found 
double brooded--'/’, e., two generations are 
produced each year, Froui experience and 
rioting in the more luscious stone fruits,such 
way, therefore, of preventing this insect's 
injuries is to catch the worms and kill them. 
This is best accomplished by a bandage 
fastened around the trunk ot tree below the 
brandies, so ns to intercept the worms. 
as plums and peaches. There is at present, I The natural habit of the worm is to spin its 
little labor, to each tree. During my travels 
this summer, I shall endeavor to get some 
person or persons to manufacture something 
of the sort, and 1 believe it will do more 
than aught, else to induce orchardists to 
guard their fruit.—[To lie continued. 
by o. v. riley. 
From inquiries that have lately come to 
Rand, and from the uncertainty existing as 
to some of the more important points, as 
exhibited in late writings on the subject, 
I am led, at the risk of repetition, to give 
you the leading facts about this most de¬ 
structive insect. It, will be my aim to doso, 
ami to touch on controversial questions in 
a condensed a form as possible, and those 
who wish details must refer to the later 
writings of entomologists. It is quite ovi- 
dent that we cannot too often harp on the 
facts, when such men as Dr. E. 8. Hull of 
Alton, Ills,, and J. W. Robson of Galena, 
Ills,— both eminent fruit growers—get into 
a controversy about well-settled points. 
File accompanying illustration (Tig. 1.) will 
r inter lengthened descriptions unnecessary: 
a represents a section of an apple that 
has been attacked by the worm, showing 
the borrowings and channel of exit to 
the led; b, the point at which the egg 
xva laid and at. which the young worm en¬ 
tered; f, the full grown worm; A, its head 
and first, joint magnified ; i, the cocoon 
which it spins; d, the chrysalis or pupa to 
which it changes;/, the moth which es¬ 
capes from the chrysalis, as it appears when 
at rest; //, the same with wings expanded. 
The egg is whitish, and 0.01 inch long, and 
b usually laid in the Calyx end, and more 
rarely in the* stein end of the fruit. The 
young worm is whitish with a black bead; 
the full grown worm pinkish with a brown 
head. The cocoon on the outside always 
partakes of the color of the object upon 
which it is spun. The moth is ash-gray and 
brown, with a large tawny spot streaked 
with bronze and gold on the inner bind 
angle of each front wing; and the male may 
always be distinguished from the female by 
having a black pencil, or tuft of consider¬ 
able length upon the upper surface of each 
of his hind wings. 
An Imported In*ect. 
This insect was originally a denizen of 
what wo are in the lmbit of terming tlie 
Old World,” but exists wherever the 
Apple is cultivated, and was imported into 
this country about the beginning of the 
present century. It was almost unknown 
in what wo term the West, even a quarter 
of a century ago. 
Time of Year that tlie First Moiho Appear, 
To make the stalcuv At answer for any 
latitucliq it may be safely Eaid that the moths 
begin to appear ns soon as the apple trees 
are in bloom—the same temperature that 
causes the beauteous blossom to unfold, 
also causing the little moth to burst through 
1,3 silken cerements. Egg-lajdng com- 
meuces soon after apples form. Of course, 
Gie lime of blossoming varies slightly with 
die variety; but the time of issuing of the 
moths varies still more, so that the state¬ 
ment holds good. As the seasons vary from 
tvo to three weeks, or even a month, in 
illative earliness, and as the appearance of 
the moths varies accordingly, the futility of 
t'o’nig exact dates becomes apparent. 
iiit Iti-quired iu the Preparatory .Stnirra. 
•i\ ing bred some moms nearly every 
.Year for ten years, in different localities, I 
can safely give the following as tlie average 
jongtu ot time required in the adolescent 
• ■ t.- ni the first brood; but which, as we 
jail presently see, do not hold good in the 
■i '.°" d ‘"fx-'d: —Egg state, 4—10 days; 
u or worm state, 25-30 days outside and 
\ J, cocoon ; pupa, Stale, 12-18 days. 
* , CiW be gained by isolated experi- 
’ because Die length of time required 
XI AY 
THE AM0A; OR, THE WILD COW OF CELEBES. — (For Description, see Page 78.) 
experiment, I make this statement with tha 
fullest conviction. Whether or not the state¬ 
ment would hold good for the more northern 
parts of the New England States and of 
Michigan, Wisconsin and Minnesota, 1 am 
not prepared to say. In the latitude of St. 
Louis, the great bulk of the worms which 
hatch from the spring-deposited eggs leave 
the fruit from tlie middle of May to tlie mid¬ 
dle of .June. These spin up, and in about 
two weeks produce moths [2d brood] which 
pair and commence, hi a few days, to lay 
eggs again. The worms [2d broods] from 
these eggs leave tlie fruit, some of them as 
early its the first of September, others ns late 
as Christmas. In either case they spin np 
as soon as they have left the apples, but do 
not atom me the pupa state till towa rds spring — 
the moths from the late matured worms ap¬ 
pearing almost as early as those from tlie 
earlier matured ones. Tlie two broods inter¬ 
lock by late individuals of the first and early 
individuals of the second; so that iu July 
worms of lioth may be fotlUd in the fruit of 
one and the same tree. The second brood 
of moths often deposits eggs, even in a state 
of nature, on other parts of the fruit than the 
calyx end and stem end; and tlie second 
brood ol' worms does not cause the more ma¬ 
ture fruit to fall as much as those of the first 
brood do the younger fruit. I cannot lay too 
great stress on the fact that the second brood 
hibernates in the larva and not the chrysalis, 
When both Dr. LeBauon and Dr. Hull, in 
their latest writings, state unequivocally that 
it winters in the chrysalis state. 
It Altadis Other Fruit* Besides Apples. 
Though preferring the apple to all other I 
however, no evidence that it attacks these 
latter fruits, except in a few restricted lo¬ 
calities. 
Remedies— The Ilumlnue System. 
The practical importance of picking up 
the fruit and destroying it as soon as it falls 
to the ground, or of pasturing hd|s or sheep 
in an orchard to do the same work, has 
l 
Fig. 1 . 
been fully demonstrated, and it is only a 
question of feasibility with each individual 
orchardist. That, such a course must not 
he alone relied upon is equally apparent, 
from the facts that some varieties of apples, 
snob as Ruwle’s Janet and Fall Wine, hang 
on to tlie tree after the first brood of worms 
lias left; that most varieties remain on (lie 
tree when infested with the second brood, 
and that many apples, after being harvested 
still contain the worms. The most reliable i 
cocoon under the loose bark of tlie tree upon 
which it was burn, and the philosophy of 
the bandage system is simply that the worms 
in quitting the fruit, whether while it is on 
the tree or on the ground, in search for a 
cozy nook in which to spin up, find the 
shelter thus afforded just the thing, and in 
ninety-nine eases out of a hundred they will 
accept of tlie lure, if no other more enticing 
be in their way. Hay bands have been used 
for this purpose, but cloth of one kind or 
another, lacked to the tree or fastened with 
string, lifts advantages over tlie hay bands, 
as when taken from the tree it can be passed 
through a wringer or steeped in hot water, 
and the insects may thus he more expedi¬ 
tiously destroyed and the cloths used again. 
As I have elsewhere shown * the cloths have 
no advantage over the hay hands, if simply 
placed iu the crotches of tlie tree. They 
must surround (he tree below the branches. 
Every man must, of course, decide for him¬ 
self, according lo the extent of his orchard 
and tlie facility with which He can procure 
rags or cloth, whether they or the hay hands 
will be the cheapest and most expedient. 
A good bandage, ready made, is greatly 
needed in the country, and if some enter¬ 
prising firm would manufacture canvas 
strips about six inches wide, lined on one 
side with four inches of low, cotton wad¬ 
ding, or some oilier loose material, and 
would put it upon the market at a reason¬ 
able price per yard, there would be an un¬ 
limited demand for it. Such strips would 
last for years, and could be cut of any de¬ 
sired length, drawn around and tacked, with 
Missouri Keport III., p. 102 
ENTOMOLOGICAL NOTES. 
Vapor IHatli. 
In tlie box inclosed you will find a cat¬ 
erpillar that 1 found on one of my apple 
trees. I would like to know its name and 
t habits, us I never saw one like it before. 
A We have two hugs out here that x>at the 
" eggs and kill tlie voting potato bugs,— 
Young Farmer, Watertown, Jefferson (Jo., 
Wisconsin. 
This caterpillar is the larva of the Vapor 
Moth (Orgyia leneostigmd). It is a very 
handsome caterpillar, being slender, of a 
bright yellow color, clothed with long yel¬ 
low hairs and with a long black plume ex¬ 
tending forward from the first ring; also, a 
single plume ou the to;) of the eleventh 
ring. The head and the two little retrac¬ 
tile worts on the ninth and tenth rings are 
coral red. When full grown this caterpil¬ 
lar measures about tuny inch in length. It 
feeds upon apple trees and the horse chest¬ 
nut in preference to other trees. When 
the caterpillars have done feeding,they spilt 
a small cocoon on the leaves, or on the 
: branches of the tree upon which they have 
been feeding. It requires about two weeks 
for the chrysalis to effect its last transfor¬ 
mation and tlie Insect to come forth in its 
mature form. The female moth is wing¬ 
less, and the male has large ashen-gray 
- wings; as the female moth cannot fly,she 
^ remains at home laying her eggs on the 
v top of the cocoons from which she bus is¬ 
sued a few hours previous, and then covers 
y. them with a frothy matter which becomes 
brittle when dry. There arc usually several 
broods during summer, and in some loculi* 
t tics they will become so abundant iu fa- 
• vorable seasons as to entirely strip an orch¬ 
ard of its foliage. 
We should be pleased to receive speci¬ 
mens of the canlbal insect that is feeding 
on the potato bug. We also desire the 
name of our correspondent. 
Arum Spiuo*a - A New Enemy to tins l'o- 
luio ltuu. 
I send you to-day specimens of a new bug 
whose operations are noticed with the great¬ 
est interest in this neighborhood. He is a 
parasite of the much talked of Colorado Po¬ 
tato Beetle, anti gives promise of soon be¬ 
coming 11 master of the situation " iu his case. 
The new comer is u rather large, active, fiat, 
gray beetle, with six yellow legs and a very 
long proboscis with Which he probes the 
enemy, dragging them about at pleasure, 
often swinging them off iu mid air, while he 
deliberately “ draws the contents” till they 
Collapse, when they are released quite dead. 
Not having seen any account of this para¬ 
site, l hope your Entomologist will favor us 
with his name, history, &c.—G. O. Hilton, 
Keokuk, Iowa. 
The name of this canibal foe of the Colo¬ 
rado Potato bug, is Anna spinosa, Dallas, 
and has been referred to by several ento¬ 
mologists in tlie past, few years. Air. C. V. 
Riley figured and described it in his second 
Annual Report of the Noxious and Bene¬ 
ficial insects of Missouri,— bog page 32. The 
appearance of these cauibuls is certainly an 
encouraging incident. 
Mr. Bruce, a seedsman of Hamilton, On¬ 
tario, lias observed that the black caterpillar 
eats the eggs of the potato beetle. 
To Get Rid ofO«m«t Worms. 
Mrs. S. C. C., Penn Ynn, N. Y., wishes she 
could get rid of the currant worm as easy as 
artichokes and horse radishes. You, or any¬ 
body, can; this is the xvay I did it:—I 
bought a piut cup, had the bottom punched 
full of line holes and had a cover made; af¬ 
ter a rain or heavy dew I tilled my cup half 
full of air or fresh slaked 'time and took the 
top of the cup in my right hand and lifted 
