I 
Arboriculture 
whole length, in the corners of a Virginia 
rail fence. The orchard forms a pleasant 
grove of about fifteen acres around the farm 
buildings. The trees are trimmed about five 
feet eight inches from the ground, into cup- 
shaped tops. The center limb, which grows 
almost perpendicular, is cut out, and the re¬ 
maining limbs are made to grow out as near¬ 
ly as possible, directly from the head of the 
trunk. No crotched trees arc to he seen. A 
greater part of the orch- 
• ard is now heavily la¬ 
den with fruit w h i c li 
bends down the linihs 
§|| and opens the trees into 
1IL nearly the shape of an 
inverted bushel basket. 
9gjSg|^ The rows thirty feet 
3ppll3ife*-> a 1* art, Avert! set very 
Straight by the use of a 
pole, the concave bend 
In the young tree being 
always placed towards 
the prevailing winds. 
The owner 1 1 as taken 
^ pains, Avhencver an ont- 
er limb (wbicli could 
not be cut o(l') grew too 
perpendicularly, to tie 
it down. 'I'hus the tops 
have the regularity of 
toy trees. This makes 
a beautiful orchard, but 
not necessarily a profit¬ 
able one. 
The orchard was set 
out at different times 
between the years 1860 
and 1808, as I am told. 
The older trees are 
from twenty to twenty- 
four inches in circum¬ 
ference, and some of 
them appear to have 
two or more barrels of 
* sound apples on them 
now—which speaks for 
the profit. From the 
commencement the 
trees have been hoed 
about with a grub hoc 
once in the spring and 
once in the summer, 
three feet each way, and 
someycars Rtlijrd time. 
At the same time all the 
l suckers have been cut 
‘ up and trimmed off' 
the trees. The ground has been continually 
under cultivation and always carefully 
plowed the same way. The plow in passing 
dial welcome, and such a one as few men 
outside of Boston know how lo bestow. As 
an instunce of fraternal feeling and persis¬ 
tent devotion which pervades this commu¬ 
nity towards one and another and their 
societies, I may cite the example of the 
Hon. Marshall P. Wilder and JosErn 
Bkkc k, who have not failed to be present at 
the annual dinners of the Massachusetts 
Horticultural Society for the past forty-two 
years, and were both 
present to-day aiding 
m t he celebi ation of the 
forty-third. 
11 a I'r In’ Ell I o m <> I Ok i cut 
Cabinet. />. 
Among tin; many 
rare specimens and col- ^^<4 
lections of objects tic- 
longing to Nulural His¬ 
tory that J have seen a 
to-day,none has pleased £k 
me more than the old 
entomological cabinet Ja BE 
of the late T. W. Uar- A £Bjgg 
his, who for so many K|fcjKg| 
years labored almost 
alone in ids favorite HU 
lield of science. This 
collection of insects is vSli/ 
now the property of the 
Boston Society of Nat- V 
ural History, and the . 
specimens are in a good A 
slate of preservation, 
although many of them - 
were collected nearly i 
or quite forty years ago. / 
There are a few species 40]' \ 
of insects in Hus old / I, / t 
collection tliat are still Jf J'V ! 
rare, and muny a young “ / \ 
collector of the present t 
time would be glad to 
enrich Ids cabinet with 
specimens Lo he found 
in the IIAKitis collec¬ 
tion. The Society has, 
in addition, an immense 
cabinet of insects 
which have been care¬ 
fully arranged and la¬ 
beled by Professor San- 
ijorn and Phii-lit S. 
Sprague, the eoleop- 
terist. 
A inn ml Ronton. 
Sept. 22.—1 have been p 
taking a drive iu the 
suburbs, or, I should say among the spokes 
and around the felloes of the “ Hub. ” 
Elegant residences and magnificent gardens 
are iis plentiful here as generous and whole- 
souled men. A slight frost last night cut off 
some of the more tender plants, and in a few 
days the glory of elegant bedding plants 
will be gone. I think there is more artistic: 
taste displayed in arranging and grouping 
plauts here than in the suburban grounds 
around New York, all of which is probably 
owing to the influence of the Mass. Hurt. 
Society. There is not so much crowding 
and overdoing of everything in the vain at¬ 
tempt at display, but tiio arrangement of the 
gardens ami disposal of the plants ingroups 
and beds seems to be utorcjtuiural than with 
us, where money is more abundant than 
cultivated taste in horticultural matters. 
At Home Attain. 
Sept. 23.—Great, lias been the ebange in 
the appearance of my garden since 1 left, 
home four days ago.' There was a severe 
frost on the 20th, 21st and 22d, and it has 
cut all tender plants. The gay appearance 
of my garden lias departed, the leaves of 
grape vines are brown, and the first chapter 
in Old Boreas’ volume opens briskly. 
loxitnlUxxz 
xtrdist 
nxx\) 
A NEW YORK APPLE ORCHARD. 
BRUGMANSIA ARBOREA. 
DAILY RURAL LIFE 
This western part of New York State is 
justly famous for its apple orchards. The 
climate and soil appear to he particularly 
lilted for the growth of a sound, “ keeping ” 
i his piani is ranter too large and coarse 
in its habit for small conservatories, but ex¬ 
ceedingly valuable for grouping with other 
robust growing kinds, such as Carinas cala- 
diums and Bocconim. It is a native of Peru, 
where it is considered by the inhabitants as 
one of the most beautiful ornaments for their 
gardens. The flowers are very large, often 
four to six inches long, having a loose tubular 
calyx, the flowers protruding with along, 
tritmpet-sbaped tube divided at the end into 
five petal-like segments, each terminating 
with a sharp point, as shown in the accom¬ 
panying illustration. The flowers are very 
fragrant, a few plants perfuming the air for 
many rods in extent. It is readily propa¬ 
gated from cuttings of nearly ripe wood, and 
as it grows so rapidly, considerable pruning 
is necessary to keep it in a handsome bushy 
form as the one from which our illustration 
was made. 
When this species was first introduced it 
was supposed to be very tender, requiring 
the bent of a green-house to make it bloom; 
but a longer acquaintance lias shown that it 
is not so very sensitive to cold, and the 
plants may be kept dormant in winter by 
storing in a warm cellar and then again 
planted out in spring. When lifted in 
autumn, all the young, tender shoots should 
be removed, and the roots placed in boxes 
or pots filled with soil, and then only suf¬ 
ficient water applied to prevent drying. 
From tlie Jtiaiy of n Gentleman ueur New 
York Citv. 
cool, especially at night, and we shall prob¬ 
ably soon have frosts. Field corn lias be¬ 
come quite hard, except the smallest ears, 
and we have commenced cutting up the 
stalks to-day. I had much rather cut it up 
too early than too late, because the grain 
will mature after the stalks are cut and the 
fodder is enough better for early cutting to 
more than make up for any loss that may 
occur from immature grain. In the Eastern 
States there are very few localities where 
corn fodder, properly cured, is not worth 
ten to fifteen dollars per acre; this is quite 
au item, and in a majority of instances will 
pay for planting, cultivating and harvesting 
the entire crop. It is in these things that, 
the Eastern farmer makes up for the disad¬ 
vantages he labors under in the way of un¬ 
fertile soils, i. e., when compared with those 
ot the Western States; the fodder from au 
acre of corn, or the straw from a field of rye 
being usually worth as much as the grain 
from the same space would sell for at the 
West. I like the West, with its rich lands 
and beautiful climate, but the East is not en¬ 
tirely destitute of blessings. 
ilarvi-Htimc Drill Corn. 
Sept. 19. — I have had my latest sown 
drill corn cut to-day. We cut and spread 
it in thin layers, which, after the stalks and 
leaves wilt a day or two, we bind into small 
bundles and set up iu shocks, leaving them 
in this position until wanted for feeding. 
Off for Boston. 
An invitation has just reached me to he 
present at the Forty-third Annual Exhibi¬ 
tion of the Massachusetts Horticultural 
Society to commence to-day. As this old 
organization always has a good show I shall 
accept i lie invitation and start for the “ Hub ” 
this evening. 
In Ronton. 
Sept. 20.—After breakfasting at the Parker 
House, 1 went direct to Horticultural llall, 
where I tound one of the finest collections of 
fruits, flowers and vegetables that I have 
ever seen together. The latter was particu¬ 
larly line and the great merit was purity, po 
admixture of varieties as generally seen at 
agricultural and horticultural exhibitions 
throughout the country. If a squash upon 
the tables is labeled “ Hubbard” we cau be 
pretty certain that it is genuine, and the 
same was true with all species and varieties. 
An impure variety of vegetables or incor¬ 
rectly labeled plant Or flower is not permit¬ 
ted on the exhibition tables. This of course 
is just as it should be, hut so desirable results 
cannot be secured without the co-operation 
of men capable of distinguishing inaccuracies 
in all branches of horticulture. 
i 
A Disgrace m New York. 
It, is certainly a disgrace to New York city 
that she cannot, or will not,support a Horti¬ 
cultural Society. Here in Boston every man 
avIio has a garden feels in duly hound to be¬ 
come a member of the Horticultural Society, 
and do something in addition lo paying his 
anmittl fees towards its support. It is to this 
almost universal good feeling towards horti¬ 
culture that the Massachusetts Horticultural 
Society owes its success, which is not only 
apparent in the weekly, monthly and annual 
exhibitions, but in its grauite palace and val¬ 
uable l ibrary. If a Bostonian is foud of good 
fruits and flowers, be becomes a member of 
the Horticultural Society, and when lie dies 
remembers it in his will. But not so in 
New York, where nobody pretends to know 
whether peaches are dug or picked, and 
what is still worse, nobody cares, so long as 
a supply can be bud at Washington Market. 
Conceit of Bostonians. 
Sept. 21.—Bostonians have been accused 
of being conceited, and perhaps it is true to 
some extent; but if there are good reasons 
for it they are excusable. When we look 
about among their institutions of learning 
and scientific societies, we are forced into 
an admiration of the people. If Boston 
folks do anything handsome, they want all 
due honor for the same, which is certainly 
nothing more than justice; but at the same 
time it is quite amusing to a New-Yorker 
to see how the Boston sticks out in every¬ 
thing. In New York and elsewhere there 
are organizations known as the “ Young 
Men’s Christian Association ;” but here it is 
“ Boston Young Men’s Christian Associa¬ 
tion.” The scientific societies adopt the 
same form of name; at least, those organ¬ 
ized since Boston gave up the idea of becom¬ 
ing the United States; and they have a Bos¬ 
ton Society of Natural History instead of 
Natural History Society of Boston—The 
Boston always taking the lead and standing 
out, iu the biggest and most brilliant letters. 
Of course, I would not like to say these 
things where the Boston folks would hear 
of them, for they have given me a most cor- 
FLORICULTURAL NOTES, 
Cut Flower Hohlovs. 
Charles Barnard says the English are 
far ahead of us in the richness and variety of 
glass and other ware used to hold flowers. 
Tlio Now Romo “Bessie Johnson.” 
A writer in the Cottage Gardener says: 
I will add that 1 saw several specimens of 
Mr. Curtis’ new rose “Bessie Johnson.” I 
can attest that it is a large, fragrant, pale 
pink flower, mid of vigorous habit. Mr. 
Curtis says of it:—“It is superior in per¬ 
fume to most of the full-sized blush roses, 
with the exception of La France; decidedly 
superior to Heine Blanche; is distinct, and 
a very free autumnal bloomer, of tbe fine 
habit and growth of Abel Grand.” 
erbsmutt 
Wliat nvo Tlioroiialt»bre<U ? 
Our stock growers talk of blood horses, 
blood cattle, and again of full blood cattle 
and horses, and thirdly, of thorough-bred 
horses ami cattle. Can you tell us wlint 
they mean ? Is there any difference between 
thorough-bred and full blood V Say you 
have a calf, the sire Ayrshire, the dam 
Durham , will you call the calf a thorough¬ 
bred animal? Again ; I ask it the sire and 
dam arc both Ayrshire, will the calf be 
tliorough-bred, or fill I blood, or both ? Please 
answer in the Rural New-Yorker—G. 
F. C., M. D., St. Laurence Co., AT. Y. 
According to common acceptation, a cow 
is never a thorough-bred nor a full blood ; 
but, in the instances above named, where 
sire and dam are Ayrsbires—that is, lmve 
been bred pure for many generations—they 
are called “ thorongli-hred” or “ full blood,’ 
the terms being synonymous in breeders 
parlance. A thorough - bred is made by 
carefully breeding to establish a distinctive 
and permanent type and inter-breeding to 
retain it; but if two thorougU-breds oi dis¬ 
tinctive lypes (or bre ds) are inter-bred, the 
progeny is no longer regarded full blood or 
edy. I call the trouble “ big jaw.’ I have lost 
two oxen, and several others have lost by it- 
Two years and a-half ago I operated on a 
fine animal. I cast the ox, tied him firmly, 
and with a sharp knife ripped the skin open 
—a slit longer than the lump; cut out a 
large portion of the lump, and with the heat¬ 
ed head of a large king-bolt burned out all 
tbe affected parts. This stopped the blood. 
Where only small arteries were cut; hut i 
larger ones arc cut, it will be necessaiy to 
use needle and thread to close them. The 
ox has been worked ever siuce, and there is 
no enlargement of the jaw. After the ope¬ 
ration, with a strong twine I sewed up the 
skin, taking stitches one and a-half inches 
apart—tying and cutting the twine at every 
stitch. The wound healed readily.—J •> 
Milford, Cal. __ 
A yearling Calf Dead. 
I had ft calf that ate and thrived well un¬ 
til it took the scours, and in spite of a 
could do, died. On opening tbe animal t > 
0 -all was found to be about as large a 
PLANT OF BRUGMANSIA ARBOREA ON LAWN, 
