116X1X5610 ITS. 
AMERICAN INST. FARMERS’ OLUB. 
Notes ol' Discussion, Extract* from Let¬ 
ters, &(!. 
The Market for Sumac. 
F. A. Richmond, Lehigh Farinory, P:t., 
writes:—" We liavo hundreds of acres cov¬ 
ered with sumac, the most of it this season’s 
growth, very fine and thrifty, and would 
like to turn it to some use. We are on the 
line of the Lehigh Valley Railroad, one hun¬ 
dred and forty-live miles from New York. 
Do you think we could make it pay to 
gather it and send to New York for a mar¬ 
ket ?” Dr. SCUITERNONG replied :—“ The 
sumac which grows in the gentleman’s sec¬ 
tion, and in fact throughout the Northern 
Suites, from some climatic cause 1ms not so 
much tannin as that from the South, hence it 
is notso valuable. Some claim that that from 
Missouri and other Western States has as 
much; but, in the absence of any analysis, 
we may assume the price indicates the fact 
Umt it does not. The Southern has im¬ 
proved so much iu quality that some of it 
has sold at $100 per ton, within $10 of the 
best Sicilian. The Northern and Western 
is worth only about $40 to $50 per toil. A 
cause of this may also be in bad preparation. 
The leaves only should be picked, no twigs 
or limbs. Then the leaves should he dried 
by sun heat, and so arranged that they cun 
be run under a shelter. They must not be 
allowed to get wet or damp in process of 
drying. They should he picked Just before 
the berries are fully ripe. This industry has 
become a very great one in tlm South and 
enabled many persons to make a eomforta 
ble living from an article heretofore wasted. 
The demand is not lessening, hut really in 
creasing, and there is room for a much larger 
production. The morocco manufacturers 
prefer the article flue ground and from the 
leaves only. Thus made and carrying a 
good percentage of tannin $75 to $90 per 
ton of 2,000 pounds can certainly be calcu¬ 
lated on.” 
Prof. Wiiitnky added:—"All Lhe pub¬ 
lished accounts agree that Sicily sumac com¬ 
prises not only the leaves but the small 
twigs and their bark. As far as concerns 
the mere value of tlie material for tanning, 
the addition of the bark, which lias consid¬ 
erable tannic acid—will somewhat add to 
its value. Ibi! it is quite possible that there 
may be some coloring matter in the hark 
that would he objection able in making first- 
rale morocco leather, and hence dealers and 
ma ii ufiichirers prefer the leaves alone. There 
is one matter, that of avoiding any wetting or 
fermentation of the material, that should be 
pressed upon the attention of sumac pickers. 
The virtue of sumac lies in its tannic acid, 
it we ferment or decompose the material 
some or all of this is converted into what' is 
known as gallic acid. This lias no tanning 
power, and, moreover, exerts an injurious 
action by opening the pores of the leather, 
loosening its texture, and of course deterio¬ 
rating its quality.” 
Lunched Ashen for Hmuly l.nml. 
N. Bennett, JelTersou, Wis., asks if it 
will pay to haul leached ashes a half mile 
and apply them to sandy loam. The ashes 
have laid in a pile exposed for several years. 
He can Imy them for thirty cents per cubic 
yard, It is replied that it will pay so to ap¬ 
ply them. Unleached ashes would lie better, 
lint, these will pay for hauling four times 
that distance, in the judgment of several 
members of the Club. 
Utility ol Antlirnclte L'onl Ashes. 
A correspondent asks if coal ashes are of 
any value for mamirinl purposes. It is re¬ 
plied that they are excellent oil sandy lands 
and for privy vaults and manure heaps as 
absorbents; on stiff soils as mechanical 
agents. In England they are much used as 
a material in which to plunge pots of plants 
from conservatories since it is found that 
they attract and retain moisture. 
A Hard Milking Heifer. 
F. i'u att, Union City, Pa., has a heifer 
which milks hard, and asks how lie shall 
remedy it. A member said he had used a 
small trocar, procurable at agricultural im¬ 
plement stores, to enlarge the orifice in the 
teat. It requires to be very carefully per 
formed. 'Tile Rural Nkw-Youkkk advises 
the use of small, smooth, round-pointed 
silver tubes, pierced with holes, through 
which the milk may pass into the tube. 
1 hese tubes are so arranged as not to injure 
the milk duct when introduced and wilh- 
‘irawin They can probably be obtained of 
ttn.v dairy furnishing house. 
The “Welcome” Raspberry, 
exhibited at the Club by Chas. B. IIornek 
a new seedling, is, in the opinion of Mr. 
ULLEit, the Belle de Fontenny. 
Cnttiiifr elf Siruwiiei’ry Foliage. 
L. p. Pjutt, Homer, N. Y., asks if it will 
111,11 strawberry plants to cut off the foliage 
the tall. Experienced members did not 
seoiliut it would do any good; but it is found 
"ell to thiu off - the foliage in transplanting 
any kind of vegetables—Mr. Fuller stating 
that in transplanting turnips, beets, cabbages 
or plants of any sort, be always did so. 
“Ovcrllow of i lie Gull.” 
David Hoi.t, Oswego, Kan., has lost stock 
which, upon post mortem examination, 
showed the gall enlarged to an enormous 
size, and asked if there was any remedy for 
the "overflow of the gall."* One of the 
learned doctors present said the gall does 
not overflow ul all; but the gall bladder is 
distended by some obstruction in the duel, 
which prevents the passage of the bile from 
the gall bladder into thodMw/«mm, thus re¬ 
sulting in jaundice, [The veterinary works 
give details as to symptoms and treatment 
of this disease.— Eds. Rural. J 
Tin- Corn Ciircullo (Splicnopliorui zens,) 
was sent l lie Club by J. Stouoji, Poland, O., 
who said soon after the corn was fairly up 
last. May it began to die, and it was discov¬ 
ered that a great many of these insects were 
found about—seemed to sling it merely. It 
was rc-planted four times before a stand was 
obtained. Mr. Fuller named the insect ns 
above, and said lie bad found it in Western 
New York the past season. 
A Filtering Cistern 
was thus described by F. W. Coe, Vergen- 
nes, Vt.:—"In one corner of my cellar I 
built a large, square stone cistern. Across 
one corner of this cistern I laid a Ibur-incli 
brick partition in cement (one brick laid 
upon another with cement between, but 
none ou sides.) Tim brick are wlnit the 
masons call salmon brick, not the hardest or 
softest kinds. The water is conducted direct 
from a slate roof into the main cistern, and 
passes through the pores of the brick parti¬ 
tion in the corner, rising to a level with the 
water in the cistern within a few hours 
after a heavy rain, and as it comes from the 
conductor with considerable fall and force 
it agitates the whole body of water, helping 
to keep it pure and sweet, In this corner 
apartment is a block tin inch pipe leading 
to the pump. If a quart of water is pumped 
from this corner another quart finds its way 
through the pores of the brick to supply its 
place, and thus through the day, as water is 
hourly being used or taken from this corner 
apartment, there is a. constant circulation or 
movement of the water passing through 
the brick to supply the consumption, there¬ 
by tending to free it from nil impurities I 
have used this brick partition for a filter 
over five years and give it a decided prefer¬ 
ence, The water has always been clear, 
and apparently pure, being made so in part 
by its almost constant motion in connection 
with the filtering. The bricks appear to be 
as sound to-day as when first laid." 
naturalist. 
TAXIDERMY—-No. II. 
Htuflliig nml Mounting Birds. 
Skins, after being kept a long time with¬ 
out being stuffed, become dry and hard; in 
that case limy may be softened so as to be 
pliable in tlm following manner as described 
by Rf.au metl 
Manner of Softening tin- Skin. 
Take an earthen ware pan with a lid, and 
put three quarts of silver sand in it; after 
well washing it, drain tlm water off and put 
a sheet of blotting paper on the top of the 
sand, and on this place the dry skins, as 
many as will cover it without crowding; 
then put the lid on and allow them to re¬ 
main several days, when they will be found 
lit for stuffing. 
Maimer of Mounting. 
The required materials being at hand, such 
as fine Cut tow, or cotton wool, or both,— 
suitable wire, (for size of bird) one end of 
which, should be beaten into spoon shape; a 
pair of cuttingnippers and pliers—lay the 
skin on its back, with Llrn head to the opera¬ 
tor’s left; take a piece of wire the desired 
size, and suitable length to project an inch 
or so beyond tlm head and rump of the bird. 
Take u piece of cork long enough to reach 
from the rump to the side bones of the wing, 
pass tlm wire through the cork and double 
one end so as to form a loop or staple,—the 
loose end of which is also fixed in the cork. 
Carefully stuff llu: head and neck; this re- 
quires great care and observation to have 
them appear as natural as possible. After 
tills is properly consummated two wires, 
suited to the length of the legs of the bird, 
and with one end filed to a point, are passed 
through Hu* feet by tlm side of the leg-bone; 
one end left projecting through the foot; tlm 
oilier end, after being regulated to a suitable 
length, and bent so as to accord with tlm 
shape of the body, is pushed through the 
cork at the point where the legs were sepa¬ 
rated from tlm body, and firmly riveted in¬ 
to it. In posing a bird, the talons should 
never extend beyond the rump-hone. 
Where the tail is small, and intended for 
a setting or perching bird, the single wire 
loop attached to the cork will support it; 
but for a long, expanded tail, a second wire 
is needed; this should be sharp at the points 
and bent in the form of a staple, of tlm 
proper size, to support the tail. Force this 
through tlm rump-bone left attached to tlm 
tail, and inserted into tlm cork, while the 
bone rests against the first wire, acting as a 
fulcrum to the tail. The bird now shows, 
as represented in the cut, (Fig. 1 ,) the body 
KT1 
FlCflJliK 1 
wire occupying the center of the body, com¬ 
ing out at the tail and through the cranium 
between the eyes, while the wires of the 
legs and wings are attached by a loop to the 
body wires. 
Th«- Manner of St titling. 
Tlm tow or Cotton used for stuffing must 
be wound round the wires until the shape 
of the bird is attained; the legs and thighs 
claim particular attention, The talons may 
be twisted in any position desired, but the 
t highs and knees should be bent to tlm shape 
assumed by t.lm bird when alive. As said 
before, the tail requires especial cave to have 
It set. and spread right. The low or cotton 
should be pushed in with the stuffing wire 
until it assumes the shape of flesh and bones. 
Sewing up ilu- iiinl. 
The sewing should be very neatly done, 
during the process of which, the stuffing is 
completed; all vacant places being tilled 
with tow or cotton, by means of the stuffing 
wire. Fine cotton thread must be used for 
sewing, and care taken that none of the 
feathers are caught by the thread. After 
the sewing is finished the leathers should lie 
brushed and placed in their proper order; a 
perch is provided for tlm bird, if it is a 
perching bird, and two boles are bored in 
the perch at proper distances, through which 
the wires of the feet are pushed and riveted 
on tlm other side. 
I'lvniu tin- Wing* nml Setting Up. 
Having fixed in your mint I tlm position 
you wish the wings to occupy, cut two pieces 
of wire the proper length ; If they are to lie 
close to the body, a small wire passed through 
‘!m first pinion Joint, (through the st.il/Hing,) 
and into tlm cork, will keep them in their 
proper position. Tn fixing the eyes, some 
are provided with a shank, and stuck into 
the matter used for stuffing tlm head, using 
a little gum arable around the edges; others 
fix them in with a little putty; the orbits 
being dressed and painted, the feathers being 
neatly arranged in their places. 
gusling looking creature,so made with pow- jJltSUrrtttCC. 
er to adhere, that once fastened upon a fish - . . — . 
beneath ilia gills it could not be shaken off. ■jyi'A.TIONA.lj CAI*ITOL< 
When tiiis parasite takes hold of an exposed ^ 
surface the fish daslme himself against ft I Jjf _ 
rock or other hard aubstam’3 and tears it off, I ITR I|1Q| 
sometimes taking tlm scales. These wounds " IIIUUII UliUU 
have been mistaken for the real cuiise of WASXII3JIG-TOIU, D. CJ. 
death in the fish. Of course, there is no - 
remedy—n° way to pi'cvant destruction to CHARTERED BY SPECIAL ACP IIP CONGRESS. 
the fish thus attacked, but it is well enough 
to be informed as to the real cause of fish 
mortality " mattiiew g. emery, president. 
_ ’ ’ HIRAM G. WILSON, Vloo-Pres’t and Gen’l 3uot. 
MATTHEW G. EMERY, President. 
HIRAM G. WILSON. Vlao-Pres't and Gen’l Supt. 
... . . .. JOHN B. PATTERSON, Soc'y and Treasurer. 
ACU) ^publications, QrtC. FliPDOAUDO HOWARD, M. D m Medlcul Counsel. 
The Best Book tor Agent*! A National Mi. Mm I Life Insurance Company in all 
_ respects. 
'SHF 1 A D "V Trvr nr'tPfVIRtVTO Policy-holders elect'.h''. nicer* from among tlicm- 
JL AAV Wr JL v7Jb>XjJkL. selves, and manage the Co-irainy through Trustees 
- of Departments In every Biuto. 
PRACTICAL DAIRY HUSBANDRY: 
BY X. A. WILLAUD, A. OT., A. JO. UUIULVIU, Sup’t. 
EDITOR OP TBK DA III Y UCSOAXnUY DEPARTMENT B > I.’ V VKVI V A V I t llll> t irilrl.’VT 
OP THK UiritAI. NEW-YOUKI.fi. I KilN S X li \ _» I rl UU Alt I.1I1.NT, 
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This work comprises a complete Treatise on Milk Philadelphia, Pn., 
and Its products, Including Dairy Farms and Farm- PEDDLE A: AVI DDIE1ELD, Supt’ei. 
Iijk ; Grasses and Cattle Food*; Dairy Stock, » irrwcNT 
Brooding. Selection and Management; Milk,Com- * Jr 1 "* ■» 
position. Character,etc.; Early History of Chcose “• ^ or * Fourth <V Unco St*., 
anil Butter Factories, and Mode ol’ Organization; duclimiitl, 
European und American Dairy Systems Compared; IL. U . VAN DYKE, Sup’t. 
Mlnato Directions for the Mnnul’uoture and Caro 01 _____ 
Butter 'ml Cheese, Doth at Farm Dairies nod Fao- ®ENIRAL OHIO DEI ABTOTENT, 
toriea, embracing this Latest Improvement-:, ate. Columbus, 
Mr. Willard Is the moat practical and popular * J > CHAMP, Snp>t. 
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The American PuhlDimr M ibe name of a very 
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Y\ r ail>OWS’ A.\I> OBRI-BBi,TS’ 
BENEFIT LIFE 
No. 132 BROADWAY, 
NEW YOELK1, 
CHARLES H. RAYMOND, President. 
DAILY, 
SEMI-WEEKLY, 
AND WEEKLY. 
RESERVE 
DIVIDEND 
18SUKD ON 1/1 FIS AND BlNUOWMlfiNT ASSUR¬ 
ANCES. 
Figure a. 
After this work is done, the bird is set up, 
as shown at P’ig. 2, ami the body bound 
around with strips oI soft paper to keep the 
feathers in proper position until they become 
dry and the body hardened. Some naturalists 
use thread in lieu of paper, claiming Unit the 
feathers and wings can be given the proper 
shape or curve more readily than in any 
other way. J. Brace. 
-- — 
HOW HERRING ARE KILLED. 
Tub Rochester Union says:- " For years 
past the fishermen about the shores of Lake 
Ontario have noticed often that fish appar¬ 
ently in health rose to the surface of the 
water, floated about in a helpless condition 
for a few hours and then died. This has 
been particularly noticed among the her¬ 
ring, a handsome silver-colored fish, taken 
in nets. The true cause of this mortality 
has not been known, or at least lias not 
been publicly announced to our knowledge. 
The fishermen have charged it to leeches or 
other parasites fastening themselves upon 
the scales of the fish and sucking the life 
blood. A day or two since, Bktii Ghicen 
gathered some dying herring floating upon 
Irondequoil Bay, and made a careful exam 
imition. Me found fastened near the gills a 
worm which had eaten into the vitals und 
was drawing the blood from the heart of the 
Ash. Under the mioroscopc this was a dis- 
AND WEEKLY. For information concerning tho As- 
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A WOKIC on tuk Into court. , 
Breeding;, Rearing, Caro and General rri^:‘liltifl 1 NoVri’iarv " 
Management ol Poultry. JA8. lUEIHU.I.L, Secretary. 
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224 Large Octavo Pages. Price «;l 50 revolution in the cure of sciatica, iiukitmatism. 
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This is one or the llnost gotteu-up works on the are almost beyond belief. Try tt. use nothing else, 
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FIFTH EDITION NOW READY! 
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