Ijwsbanbrn. 
verminous bronchitis in sheep. 
The following, from the Journal of the 
New York State Agricultural Society, is 
from a longer article on Parasitic Diseases 
of Animals, by James Law, M. R. V. C., 
consulting Veterinarian of the Society: 
Vcrminons Bronchitis in Sheep, Goats, 
Camels and Dromcdwies .—This differs from 
the last mainly in the variety of Stronyylm 
affecting the air passages, ami the greater 
tendency to the complication of intestinal 
worms and diarrhea. The parasite, infest¬ 
ing the lungs and air passages of the sheep 
nnil other animals mentioned, is Hie Strohgy- 
IttH filaria. This worm strongly resembles 
the Slrongylus mien true in the sizes of both 
sexes — the rounded head, the rounded 
mouth, with three papill®, the club-shaped 
gullet, and the dilated stotnach. The female 
differs mainly in having the genital orifice 
in the posterior in place of the anterior half 
of the body, and the male in having its can 
dul Stic furnished with ten instead of five 
rays. As in the Strongylm mierurus, the 
oviduct of the female extends throughout 
nearly the entire length of the body, and 
when full, hides the whole digestive canal 
posterior to the gullet. 
Their habits iu the lungs and air pas¬ 
sages are essentially the same as those of 
Hit- Strongylus mierurus. They give rise to 
the same nodules in the lungs, and are found 
in similar pellets ill the bronchial tubes. 
Regarding their existence out of the body, 
Bullet remarks:—“The young StrongyK 
Jiluria at the moment of being hatched arc 
possessed of a remarkable vitality. We 
h ive, -several limes, preserved the mothers 
in water or in humid air until they have 
attained a very advanced stage of putrefac¬ 
tion, and found in the midst of their debris 
the little ones still alive. At other times 
we have preserved the young slrongyli in 
glass capsules, which we have placed among 
herbs in the midst of a vase of flowers, cov¬ 
ered with u bell-slurped glass, and have re¬ 
tained them alive for two or three months.” 
He goes on to add that though alive and 
active, growth was suspended. Ercolanj 
dried the Strongylus filaria for thirty days, 
and on moistening them at the end of tills 
time found sighs of life remaining. On other 
occasions lie immersed them in spirits of 
wine at 30", and in a solution of alum and 
corrosive sublimate, without destroying life. 
That the worm does not require to under 
fa an alternate generation iu food or water, 
or ill the body of some other animal before 
re-entering and reproducing itself in the 
sheep, is established by Baili.et’s experi¬ 
ment already referred to, in which the ovi¬ 
duct of a worm Lalcen from a sheep was 
given to a lamb, and produced embryos in 
its lungs in less than thirty days, In a sec¬ 
ond laud) killed on the* twelfth day after 
taking the ova, the surface of the lung pre¬ 
sented small patches of a deep red, but in 
which lie failed to find the worm. The 
same conclusion might be safely arrived at 
from the well established fact that these 
parasites often exist in the lungs throughout 
the entire life of the sheep subsequent to 
the attack. So common are they iu many 
parts of England, that it may be said to lie 
the rule to find them present in the lungs of 
sheep examined in the butchers’shops. No 
age is found lobe exempt, though it is no 
longer fatal in strong adult sheep well cared 
t /f; lienee the saying of Dr. Radcliffe 
Halt,, that “ the pulmonic affection does not. 
prevent the sheep from furnishing excellent , 
million." As in the case of cattle, it is fatal 
to the young only, theycarly losses of which 
in infested localities are enormous, unless 
the greatest care is taken in the treatment. 
Lambs attacked with diarrhea, while suf¬ 
fering from this disease, harbor larger mtm- 
hers of the StrongylusfilieoUis, the Strongylus 
contort ns, and the 'Tania espansa in the 
Mmiiach and small intestines, and not un- 
freqnently the Sclerostoma hypostomiim. and 
Trmcephidus afflnis in the large intestines. 
The symptoms and the conditions favor¬ 
ing an extensive diffusion of the mahlily do 
not materially differ from those enumerated 
in speaking of the calf. Intestinal worms 
and diarrhea are more constant accompani¬ 
ments, and hasten death by the resulting 
weakness and by favoring the breeding of 
maggots about the Hughs, 
Prevention. —Two indications present them¬ 
selves as calculated to prevent this disease; 
1st. To prevent Hie worms from gaining ac¬ 
cess to the system; and 2 d. To bring the 
tminial into a condition unfavorable to the 
development and destructive work of the 
Worms. 
Under the first head might be mentioned 
many specific precautions: — 1st. Jn locali- 
jics where the parasite is known to exist, 
jambs or calves should not lie depastured on 
land recently occupied by sheep or bv older 
cattle or horses. Lambs may be safely 
grazed after horses or cuttle, or foals and 
Calves alter sheep, but no young animal in 
such place should bo allowed to graze after 
U| i,v creature liable Lo harbor the specific 
parasite, to whose attack its lungs arc oli- 
iioxnais, 2d. Overstocking should be avoid- 
' 1 ft Hie parasite is introduced on any 
pasture, the facilities for its increase will bo 
. exucl proportion to the number of uni- 
J 1 1 | Pccseul in whose lungs it cun attain 
! l ' Sux,|:i l development, and reproduce its 
'I, Thorough drainage will go far to 
‘ ve * lt H- As the young worms must live 
1 water or in moist earth, the facilities for 
'cn preservation will bo increased aeeord- 
mt\ 4 P'espringy or marshy nature of the 
“■ 4lh - Young stock must uot be allowed 
access to water coming from a field contain¬ 
ing beasts infested with its own pulmonary 
parasite. 5th. Pastures or water in which 
any particular pulmonary parasite lias 
gained a footing, should be denied to all ani¬ 
mals known to harbor that particular para¬ 
site, or, still better, the soil may be torn up 
with the plow aud subjected lo a rotation of 
other crops until time lias been allowed for 
the destruction of the germs. 6th. No affect¬ 
ed or suspected animal should be placed 
with others, nor in their pastures, until time 
has been allowed and measures taken to rid 
it of the unwelcome visitant. 7th. Feeding 
young animals on grass wet with dew, or on 
clover or other such fodder as affords by its 
abundant moisture a suitable nidus for the 
young worm, is to be avoided. 8th. Carcasses 
of those dying of the affection should be 
deeply burled. 
The testimony of English farmers is 
stnntgly against second crop grass, and above 
all, clover which has been fed off' with sheep 
or beef cattle, as the case may be, in the 
spring ; and that eminent Prussian breeder, 
Baron Von Nathunsins, Tlundislmrg, Mag¬ 
deburg, asserts that though the filaria in 
lambs was formerly very frequent and per¬ 
nicious iu the neighborhood, be has not ob¬ 
served it for twenty years, since they took to 
feeding the. lambs in sheds, on hay and roots 
during the wet. season. 
Under the second head, that, of enabling; 
the animal lo resist the worms and their ef¬ 
fects, may be mentioned, 1st. The import¬ 
ance of good feeding; and, 2d. The value 
of a free supply of salt. Most English flock- 
masters speak of the necessity of keeping 
the lambs in good Condition, partly with llu: 
view of enabling them to prevent. Lius worms 
from effecting a lodgment in their bodies, 
but mainly to enable them to survive the de¬ 
pressing effects attendant on the presence of 
the parasite. One man finds that the fatali¬ 
ty of the disease diminishes very materially 
where his lambs are fed roots; another lauds 
oil-cake as being nearly a preventive, and a 
third saves most of his lambs by feeding 
well after weaning. The disease is found to 
be quite as prevalent in wet seasons as in dry 
ones, if not more so, but the mortality al¬ 
ways increases with the dryness, and the 
lack of nutrient food. The use of salt is 
based on the fact elucidated by Dr. Crisp 
and others, that contact with a solution of 
this agent is promptly fatal to the young 
worms. 
Remedial Treatment .—This resolves itself 
into: 1st, supporting the strength of the ani¬ 
mal; 2d, destroying the intestinal and pul¬ 
monary parasites; and 3d, combating pneu¬ 
monia or any oilier complication which may 
supervene. Attention must, of course, be 
given to prevent the nccessof morn parasites 
to the system by partaking of contaminated 
food, water or mingling with diseased flocks 
or herds. 
To support the strength, the patients must 
be liberally fed on oil-cake, rape-cake, roots, 
corn, otds, beans or other sound, nutritious 
diet, to which maybe added a mixture, in 
equal parts, of po'Vdered sulphate of iron, 
gentian ami ginger, in the proportion of four 
ounces of the mixture to every ten calves, 
daily—lambs may lake two ounces to the 
same number, daily, at three months old. 
To destroy the intestinal parasites, com¬ 
mon table salt, may be given to lambs in 
doses of a teaspooufitl every other morning, 
dissolved in water, and to calves in doses of 
three teaspoonfuls. Oil of turpentine is, per¬ 
haps, more efficient, and may lie given to 
strong three months’ lambs in doses of two 
teaspoonfuls, or to calves of the same ago in 
doses of a tablespoon fill, well shaken up in 
milk. These doses should be given in the 
morning fasting, and repeated the third day. 
To dispose of the lung parasites is a more 
difficult, matter, not because the worm is less 
easily killed, but because the young worms 
and, above all, the ova encysted in the sub¬ 
stance of the lungs cannot be reached. The 
worms living free in the windpipe and bron¬ 
chia may be readily destroyed, by causing 
t lie affected animal to inhale sulphurous acid 
or chlorine gas, The agent first named is 
preferable as being less irritating than chlo¬ 
rine, as exorcising, indeed, when sufficiently 
diluted in air, a soothing and Antiphlogistic 
action on the inflamed hronqjdnl mucous 
membrane. It is best administered by burn¬ 
ing flowers of sulphur in a close house, but 
into which air can be readily and freely ad¬ 
mitted in case of need, and' it: which both 
the patient and administrator arc inclosed. 
It is commonly advised to throw sulphur on 
hot coals, but. as the latter give off carbonic 
acid and render the air unwholesome, I have 
adopted the plan of twisting Up a small piece 
of soft paper into a cone, putting into this a 
pinch of sulphur and burning it, holding, 
meanwhile, by the twisted point of thecune. 
The sulphur fumes arc to be evolved iu 
this way until the air of tlm apartment is 
impregnated as strongly as the administra¬ 
tor and bis patient can bear without violent 
coughing. Breathing of the sulphur fumes 
should be kept up for half an hour, or as 
long ns the air of the building remains im¬ 
pregnated with it, ami should be repeated at. 
least, three days in succession. At the end 
of a week, should the patient survive, the 
smoking should bo repeated to destroy the 
parasites which have been batched iu the 
interval. The same process may have to be 
repealed once more, though if the ova iu the 
lungs are so numerous as to endanger life 
after Ibis, the inflammation caused by their 
presence will probably speedily cut off' the 
patient. 
Chlorine gas may be set free by mixing in 
a cup or saucer common salt, peroxide of 
manganese and sulphuric acid. It is equally 
efficient with sulphur smoke, but much 
more irritating and to be Used with greater 
care. Indeed, this matter of smoking by 
either agent should be trusted to the most 
careful and intelligent persons, otherwise se¬ 
rious accidents may ensue. 
In the worst eases the accumulation of 
worms and ova io the lung tissue produces 
an extensive inflammation of these organs 
and renders all treatment unavailing. 1'bis 
has been treated by blistering, wine, &c., 
but rarely with any measure of success. 
jpr Sports wan. 
TRAPPING RABBITS. 
F. M., Disco, Mich., writes the Rural 
Nbw-Yorkbk “ Babbits are very easily 
trapped. They can be snared easily in wire 
snares; but the common box trap is the 
nicest and best way of catching them. I 
send you a sketch of a trap I use. (See 
Fig. 1.) 
Fig. 1 .—Rabbit Trap Set. 
“ Some of tlie boys out here hunt them 
with shot guns, but they are a very difficult 
animal to shoot, and I advise the boys to 
use Ibis box trap instead.” 
George W. Mann writes the Rural 
New- Yorker that he catches rabbits iu a 
box (see Fig. 2) 18 inches long, 5) inches 
wide and twelve inches high ; a is the door; 
b is a string tied to the end of a pole (iZ) 
called “a swing p*le,” and to a nail driven 
in the lop <>f the door ; c is a crotched stick 
Fio. 3 .—Rabbit Trap Set. 
put 7 inches from the door in a bole made 
in the top of tire box so that, it will not 
touch the rabbit as he goes in at the door ; 
e is a treadle stick (or wire) made fust to d 
with a short string in like manner as the 
string which fastens tlm door. The treadle, 
e, is made long enough so that, the rabbit 
will strike it. when be gets inside clear of 
the door. A notch is made in the treadle 
so that it will catch on tlief nside of the 
hole, through which it passe<iVjstho top of 
the box. It must be so fixed that the least 
touch will throw the trap. There- is a cleat 
on each side of the door in which it slides 
up and down. The box must be placed 
perfectly level, and must be baited with 
apple or parsnip. The door should be 
smeared with the bait outside. Onion can 
be used also. 
-- 
NOTES FOR SPORTSMEN. 
Trcspasslne 1 1 miters iu Pennsylvania. 
One hundred and seventy farmers of 
Chester county, Pa., give public notice that 
they will not allow trespassers upon their 
premises for purposes of gunning, fishing, 
&c. If this determination is carried out, 
both game and fish must multiply, and the 
nuisance of trespassing bo got rid of. 
Mutch Head* iu I’lnoe of l’oreussion Caps. 
A countrym an living it) Tennessee, where 
forests and game are plenty, says that bis 
boys who all have a gun apiece, became 
short of percussion caps a few days ago, and 
the first thing be knew they were shooting 
with match heads as a substitute. IIovv 
many boxes of matches he had lost in that 
way he did not say, but he found they fired 
as clear as the cap itself. 
Flslt Propagation. 
Seth Gkeen, in si note to the sporting 
editor of the New York Citizen, under dale 
of the 80th nil.,says:—“ 1 have had my men 
in Canada one week, and am going over to¬ 
day myself. Salmon-trout have begun to 
spawn, and I expect to fill the State hatch¬ 
ing house iu two or three weeks so full as to 
be able to say to the people—Come and get 
front 10,000 to 50,000 young salmon-trout for 
each lake ill the State. There is a great call 
for black buss, for stocking private ponds, 
al though in uot one pond in twenty will 
they do well. The Oswego bass mid Vir¬ 
ginia clmb are the same fish, and will do 
well in nearly all private ponds.” 
The Japanese ami Fish. 
The Hon. James Brooks writes from 
Japan that the national food is fish. There 
is not tin ocean or river creature that the 
people do not eat, and the uglier the more 
appetizing. And the most of the fish sold 
are not dead fish, but living, jumping, 
wriggling fish. You buy an eel all squirm¬ 
ing. The fish nmrkclmen bring their fish 
to market in water-tubs, and the fishermen 
keep a huge bamboo water dish tank on 
each side of the junks, into which they throw 
the creatures that they haul up or in. So 
much is thought of the fish here that on a 
certain festival day every family that has 
had a boy born during the year hangs out a 
great painted fish to boast of it. 
About TvuupIiik Coons. 
I genera t.r.Y trap them by going out at 
night with a party of boys, taking with us 
two good dogs, an ax, gun, lantern and 
pocket compass. In this way the boys can 
have lots of sport. Another method is to 
take them in common steel traps, setting 
them in the paths which they make in corn 
fields or by the side of the streams where 
they live, baiting with fresh fish. Put the 
bait in an inclosure made of slicks, brush, 
&e., or on the end of a stick set in such a 
position that the animal will have to step 
over the trap in order to take the bait. Any 
kind of fresh meat will answer for bait.— 
F. M., Disco, Mich. 
taru of a 
OO 
Gunilist. 
DAILY RURAL LIFE. 
From llio Diary of a Gentleman near New 
York G'itv. 
Early Rose and Peerless. 
Oct. 9.—After thoroughly testing a large 
number of the leading sorts of potatoes 1 
decided to plant only the Early Rose and 
Peerless. They were planted side by side 
in two plots iu the same field, and manured 
and cultivated exactly alike. The Early 
Rose were dug about a month since, the 
yield poor and the tubers exceedingly small. 
To-day we have dug the Peerless, and the 
yield is three or four times greater than the 
Early Rose, with scarcely any small speci¬ 
mens. In quality 1 do not think the Peer¬ 
less will ever equal the Early Rose, although 
it la excellent, and will be classed as first- 
rate. Now here is a fact which would seem 
to show largely in favor of the Peerless over 
the Early Rose; but it really proves nothing 
of the kind if wc take the unfavorublcness 
of the season into consideration. Last 
spring, aud during the first few weeks of 
summer we had scarcely any rains at the 
very time the Early Rose needed it most, 
consequently the crop matured early and 
was very light. The Peerless, being a late 
sort, did not come forward until the abun¬ 
dant rains of the last of July and August, 
sot in, and then everything was in its favor, 
and a heavy crop was the result. Next, sea¬ 
son the result of a similar experiment may 
be exactly the opposite of this, hence the 
difficulty in deciding upon the value or 
adaptation of any variety of vegetables to 
soil or locality, except, through a long and 
continued series of experiments. 
A llot tie of IliTtli'K. 
Oct. 10.—A quart, of bugs, beetles and 
grubs might, be considered by some persons 
a very singular present to send to a gentle¬ 
man. But if the said gentleman happened 
to lie something of a naturalist, and delight¬ 
ed in the study of Entomology, such a pres¬ 
ent would be very acceptable, particularly 
if it came from a distant part of the country. 
I received to-day from a correspondent in 
North Carolina, quite a large jar filled with 
beetles collected iu bis immediate neighbor¬ 
hood ; and although there were few novel¬ 
ties among them, still they afforded me great 
pleasure ami are a really valuable addition 
to my cabinet., inasmuch us they aid in de¬ 
termining the geographical distribution of 
species. For instance, there was among 
them a Pasimaehm mlidns, found chiefly in 
Texas and west, of the Mississippi River. A 
collection of the insects of each State and 
Territory, brought, together and carefully 
arranged, would form a cabinet of great 
value. Very few persons will even do as 
much as collect beetles in their own door- 
yards towards advancing a general knowl¬ 
edge of natural history. If one man or wo¬ 
man in every town could be induced to make 
Collections in entomology, botany, zoology 
or any other branch of natural history, ami 
forward specimens to some Society or indi¬ 
vidual who could carefully preserve them, 
science and the scientific world would be 
greatly benefitted. 
Savina: the Leaves. 
Oct, 11.—The leaves which annually fall 
from any of our large deciduous trees will 
make sufficient fertilizing materials to pro¬ 
duce another tree of the same size. To ac¬ 
complish this, however, it will not do to al¬ 
low the leaves to be scattered by the winds, 
washed down creeks and rivers and wasted. 
Wc know that, decomposed leaves make a 
most excellent muuure; but land will not 
grow rich very rapidly, even under trees, 
unless the annual deposit, of leaves remains 
and decays where they fall, which is seldom 
the case except in large forests. The leaves 
that,full from our shade and fruit, trees are 
mainly blown away into the roads and 
ditches and do nobody any good, when if 
carefully saved they would add considerably 
to the fertility of one’s garden. On damp 
days, and early in the morning while the 
leaves are wet, I have them raked up aud 
put into a compost heap, and find that the 
twenty to thirty wagon loads of leaves an- , 
nually saved about my place, makes one or 
two loads of superfine manure, and just the 
very best thing known for plants cultivated 
in pots, I do not. wait until ull the leaves 
have fallen before commencing to save,fora 
largo proportion of them would be blown 
away by that, lima, but 1 begin early and 
thereby nearly all are saved. 
Grat'd iik In Autumn. 
Oct. 12.—Root, grafting of apple trees in 
autumn and winter is pretty extensively prac¬ 
ticed by our nurserymen, but I have oft¬ 
en wondered why this system of propagation 
was not more generally extended to other 
trees. Small seedlings suitable lor stocks 
can always be obtained, and there are many 
species of trees and shrubs which are diffi¬ 
cult to propagate in the open air, that might 
lie grafted in fall or winter, and then stored 
where a union would take place between 
slock and cion before the time for growth in 
spring. Many of the evergreens can be 
grafted in lii.V, manner, especially the urbor- 
vitiiCB, and Hie list . o* Juckltiotis trees that 
may be multiplied by grafting . quite ex¬ 
tensive. Even such trees us the hickory may 
be quite successfully propagated by grafting' 
if done in autumn and stored in damp moss 
or sand during winter. I have made some 
experiments in the way of propagating trees 
by root grafting iu years pant and have 
stored some forest tree stocks for still further 
investigation iu Ibis direction the coming 
winter; whether I succeed or tail Die pleasure 
of trying will still remain the same. 
Sow I mi Hoods In Aiitiiiuo. 
Oct. 18.— Probably there is no oue who 
keeps a garden that lias not noticed bow 
rapidly accidentally scattered seeds came 
forward in spring. Self sown tomato seeds 
always seem to be more forward than any 
that 1 ever sowed in the open ground in 
spring, and I have noticed a similar vigor 
in other self sown plants. Of coarse 1 would 
not think of plant mg cucumbers and melons 
in autumn, but there are many vegetable and 
ornamental plants the seeds of which can 
be sown at this time with some advantage 
over spring. 
Gladiolii, Verbenas and Cannus are sup¬ 
posed to bo rather tender plants in this di¬ 
mate, but. 1 have sown their seeds in autumn 
with excellent results. The seeds of all truly 
hardy plants, whether herbaceous or shrub¬ 
by, may bo safely sown lit this time aud 
hereby lighten our labors next spring. 
DeHiroyluft Grape Vines. 
Oct. 14. — A few years since, when the 
grape fever was raging throughout t he coun¬ 
try, I caught the infection and planted a 
large number of the recommended varieties. 
Ten years of trial lias shown me their worth¬ 
lessness (at least, in my grounds), and to-day 
I ordered the greater part grubbed up and 
thrown into the lire, and the costly trellis 
posts used for fence. In passing through 
the vineyard many of my old enthusiastic 
feelings in regard to new sorts were brought 
to mind—yes, and Hie prices 1 was led to 
pay for them. Here was a Winchester 
marked for destruction. I dispatched my 
three dollars for a little vest-pocket edition 
of it us soon as the advertisement appeared 
in the Rural New-Yorker. How care¬ 
fully I planted and cared for it, but bow 
miserably 1 have been repaid for my labor. 
And here is a row of Rogers’ Hybrids—three 
vines of each of some twenty varieties ; cost 
me two dollars per straw, for the gardeners 
used to sell plants that were inure like small 
straws than vines; and now shall I discard 
them all, or try my patience another ten 
years ¥ Some years they bear a good crop 
of fair fruit, but there is not one of them 
equal lo the Concord with me. “ Dig them 
up, John, and wo will save hoeing and 
training.” The next, two rows are Iona and 
Israel la, fifty Vines, cost three dollars each— 
§150 — planted seven years ago, carefully 
cultivated, bone-dusted, limed, poudretted 
and trained on approved systems; but the 
entire returns for seven years would not 
amount to as many pounds of good ripe 
fruit. Marked for the grub-ax! 
Next, row Miller’s seedlings. Purchased 
before named, in order to be a little ahead 
of my neighbors; received u letter two 
years after from the originator, saying that 
there were none aiming the number worth 
naming. “Dig.” And here are five rows, 
two hundred feet long, consisting of various 
sorts, such as Allen’s Hybrid, Rebecca, Clin¬ 
ton, White, King, Claret, Mary, Spotted 
Globe, Diana, Black Hawk, Lydia, ltaabe, 
Lebigl), and fifty similar varieties, which 
cost me from $1 to $5 per vine, to say noth¬ 
ing of cultivation and trellises; and the 
only return received from them was the 
pleasure of anticipation at the time of pur¬ 
chase, and the grim satisfaction of seeing 
the vines burn to-day. 
And now, what have T left? Why, sim¬ 
ply Concord, Delaware, Hartford, aud u lew 
of the later novelties such as Walter, Seims- 
qua, Croton, Arnold’s Hybrids, and a few 
others which uro.StiD on propagation grounds 
only. Of course, I am willing to admit that 
Iona is a success in a few localities, and so 
are some of Rogers' Hybrids; but Ibis is a 
local result of local experience the same 
as mine, and each must act accordingly. 1 
lmvo certainly learned a valuable lesson, aud 
shall store it away in my memory as a costly 
keepsake. 
