'TETUYIS- \ f 3 °° l ’ ER V EAR. 
^ tinifla i 1 Single i\u,, Eight Cents. 
NEW YORK CITY AND ROCHESTER, N. Y, 
rtp-pTprja * { ® BeeUman I\’ew York* 
0£"Z"I0SS . J 82 liullaio 8c., Koclieater. 
Y0L.XXIY. NO. 18. 
FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY, NOYEMBER 4 , 1871. 
WHOLE NO. H3G. 
[Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871. by D. D. T. Mooub, in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.] 
|| ontological. 
~~ " — - - - — ■ ■ " ■ - — 
THE BEST APPLES. 
Few questions tire farther from being set¬ 
tled tlmu the one in regard to the best va- 
rieticsof apples. The difficulties iu the way 
of a positive decision arc doubtless found in 
the fact that there are few among the many 
thousands of varieties described in our po- 
mological works which succeed over u very 
wide range of country, We find a proof of 
this in the few soils seen in the markets of 
our larger cities, the greater portion of which 
are included within a dozen of the oldest 
and best known varieties. A few barrels 
may sometimes be seen of some new and 
popular local variety, but the old Rhode 
Island Greening, Baldwin, Spitzenberg, Fall 
Pippin, and a few other favorite sorts come 
in by thousands. New varieties of promise 
have been announced annually for Hie past 
half century, and yet those of much earlier 
origin seem to take the lead. From this 
kind of an outlook it might be inferred that 
we were really making no progress, but iu 
Until, this is not the case, for in certuiu lo¬ 
calities a great advance has been and is still 
being made. Iu the Southern Slates few of- 
our old and popular Northern varieties suc¬ 
ceed, but seedlings raised from partially 
acclimated sorts have in many instances’ 
proved a great success. 
The same is true in the extreme Northern 
portions of the country, and the introduction 
of Russian and Siberian species has been a 
great blessing to the people of those regions. 
Therefore the answer to the question,— 
“ Which are the best apples?” should be, the 
best of those varieties which succeed in any par¬ 
ticular locality. The inexperienced, however, 
must bo a little cautious in regard to receiv¬ 
ing the statements of interested parties, who 
have trees to sell of certain varieties, as well 
as the description given iu pomological 
works. Not that we wisli to accuse either 
of trying to mislead, hut the novice iu hor¬ 
ticultural matters seldom duly considers all 
the circuuistauces which caused certain re¬ 
sults. For instance, we often hear it re¬ 
marked that crab apples command a higher 
price in Borne of our Eastern markets than 
the larger sorts, and this is u fact, but it does 
not prove that there is a greater demand for 
them than the other, but merely shows that 
they are comparatively scarce, and the few 
brought in sell readily. There is probably 
about one bushel of crab apples raised in the 
Eastern States to every thousand of the larger 
sorts. If the case were reversed we should 
soon see which were the most highly valued. 
We have probably given more descrip¬ 
tions and illustrations of Siberian or crab 
apples in the columns of the Rural New- 
Yorker than have appeared iu any other 
horticultural or agricultural journal; and 
while we believe this class is, and ever will 
be, of great value in extreme northern lo- 
case would appear in quite a different 
light. It is well to try a few of the 
new sorts, but the bulk should be of 
those giving the greatest promise of 
success. 
- - 
EUBUS ODORATUS. 
Your article, “ A Bush Strawber¬ 
ry,” and comments thereon, has given 
me a sort of an opening to ventilate 
au inquiry upon the berry subject, that 
lias at intervals been constantly re¬ 
curring to my mind for the past ten 
years. 
In the mountains of Virginia I have 
seen a berry (wild), which though of 
a decided acid twang, nevertheless, 
was both handsome to look at and 
pleasant to the taste, and which, so 
fur as my observation goes, has never 
been cultivated. Its general features 
are those of the raspberry, but the cap 
very flat or thin, perhaps three- 
fourths of an inch in diameter, grow¬ 
ing on long caneB like the raspberry, 
very thin as to number of berries, 
and, so far as I know, very rare ns 
to plants. The localities I saw them 
in were very cool, shaded and rich, 
being on the north side, in rich 
hollows of steep mountains. For aught 
I know the thing may be well known 
at the North and deemed worthless, 
do not remember the name called 
THERKSK -AJPPKJR'T. 
last year that be had a new raspberry, 
superior to anything ever before dis¬ 
covered, and as he owned the 
entire Btock he wished advice in 
regard to introducing the wonder to 
the public. He forwarded specimens 
of the new-found treasure, which was 
nothing more or less than this pur- 
ple-tlowering raspberry. We certaiu- 
ly do not know what might be pro¬ 
duced from this exceedingly common 
berry; but no improvement has been 
made upon the original, although it 
has been cultivated more or loss for 
the past two centuries. The plant, on 
account of its large leaves and 
handsome, showy flowers is quite or¬ 
namental, hut it should be kept in 
some corner or among rocks, as the 
underground steins push through the 
soil very rapidily, throwing up suck¬ 
ers in great numbers. 
In some localities this raspberry is 
called wild mulberry, probubly on 
account of the resemblance in the 
leaves cf the two plants. Iu the Lake 
Superior region there occurs another 
nearly related species (Rubus nut- 
kanus ), with white instead of rose- 
colored flowers. 
■■ - - ♦ » ♦-. 
THERESE APPERT. 
Specimens of this pear have been re- 
icrtrsman. 
at the North and deemed worthless. I of-the-way dell and supposed they had ceived from Ellwanger & Barry. It is a 
do not remember the name called by discovered something new. One man in new, and as we judge from appearance and 
the old hunter who first introduced them Ohio wrote to a horticulturist in this city quality, so far, a desirable sort. In form, it 
Figure 1. 
calities, it is still doubtful if they can suc¬ 
cessfully compete for popular favor where 
the larger varieties are cultivated. 
A word of caution may also he given to 
Hie novice in regard to new sorts among 
the larger kiuds. It is quite often the case 
t iat one i3 recommended because it succeeds 
m a certain locality, and the fruit (quantity 
not 80 hi for n larger price than any 
° ier hi market, all of which may be true; 
jut did we know all the circumstances the 
to me, but I have 
often wondered that 
in all the fruit essays 
and notes of berries, of 
all kinds, 1 have never 
seen au allusion that 
I recognized as being 
directed to this wild 
berry. Tell us what it 
is.—W. II. S., Rich¬ 
mond, Ya. 
The plaut to which 
you refer is the purple- 
flowering raspberry 
(Rubus odoratus), and 
is found in almost any 
hilly and mountainous 
district from Labrador 
to the Pacific Ocean, 
and northward to 
Alaska. We have so 
frequently received 
specimens of the leaves 
and fruit that we 
give the accompany¬ 
ing illustration of a 
small blanch with 
flowers and fruit, nat¬ 
ural size, to assist our 
readers in recognizing 
this plant wherever 
found. The plaut is 
a low-growing shrub 
three to six feet high, 
stems covered with 
clammy bristles. 
Leaves three to five 
lolied, and in rich 
soils four to six mchea 
broad. Flowers are 
one to two inches 
across; petals bright 
rose color. Berries 
about an inch in di¬ 
ameter, very broad, 
flattisb, not conical 
as in most other spe¬ 
cies and varieties; col¬ 
or pale red, witli rath¬ 
er an insipid, musky 
flavor. 
Scores of nersons 
have found this wild 
raspberry in some out- 
RXJBX7S ODORATUS. 
is obovate, pyramidal, 
Binooth ; dull yellow¬ 
ish, with numerous 
(small specks; size 
medium or above; 
stems pretty slant, 
nearly an Inch long, 
set without depres¬ 
sion ; calyx set in a 
light basin, half open, 
with Bhort, broken 
half recurved seg¬ 
ments ; flesh yellow¬ 
ish white; slightly 
granular, melting, hut. 
tery, with a rich jui¬ 
cy aroma, core me. 
dium; seeds, light 
brown. 
-♦♦♦- 
Peaches iu Florida. 
Charles Beecher, 
in Old and New, gives 
a select list of Florida- 
grown peaches, with 
the time of ripen¬ 
ing : Hale’s Early, 
June 10-15; Early 
Tillotson, Yellow St. 
John’s, June 15-20; 
Canary, June DO ; 
Amelia, July 1-10; 
Bergen's Yellow, Ju¬ 
ly 10; Grosso Mig- 
nonue, July 15; Late 
Admirable, July 20; 
Oldmixon Free, July 
15-30; Great Eastern, 
July 20; Pucelle de 
Malines.July 10; Late 
Rareripe, August 1; 
La Grange, August 
15-30; Gaylord, Au¬ 
gust 15 ; Owen’s Bced- 
llng, August 1-15; 
Osceola, September 1; 
Picquet’s Late, Sep¬ 
tember 1-15; Fruit- 
land Seedling, Sep¬ 
tember 5-20; Presi¬ 
dent Church, Septem¬ 
ber 15; Lady Parham, 
October 10; Julia, Oc¬ 
tober 30. 
EPIZOOTIC APHTHA. 
Something About the Foot-aud>[VIouth 
Dliente. 
The enormous extent of ibis disease in 
Great Britain, and the fact that It has pre¬ 
vailed here and is contagious, leuds us to 
not only caution our readers concerning it, 
but give the symptoms by which Its presence 
may be determined, and such suggestions as 
are available concerning its treatment. It 
attacks cattle, sheep and swine, and a few 
instances are known where horses have 
been treated for it. 
HymptoiiiM of the Disease. 
Some of the first signs, usually, are a 
sbivering-fit, succeeded by a slight dullness, 
staring coat, husky cough, elevated tem¬ 
perature, with increased frequency and hard¬ 
ness of pulse. The appetite is capricious; 
tenderness is evinced over the back and 
loins; febrile signs aro present, and au in¬ 
creased flow of saliva takes place which be¬ 
comes ropy from an admixture of mucus ; 
and uneasiness is ate' ovb-ced by a frequent 
movement of the Jaws, a he mouth, if ex¬ 
amined, will show vesicles on the tongue 
and membrane generally, which vary in 
size from a pea upward, and In a few hours 
burst their contents with an admixture of 
blood, giving color and consistence to au 
aggravated flow of saliva, while the raw 
and sensitive surfaces cause great pain and 
smacking of the lips. 
In some cases the feet are attacked, and 
this may occur before any signs of disorder 
appear in the mouth, or it may not he ob¬ 
served except in conjunction with, or until 
that period has passed. When vesicles form 
on the coronets and between the digits, great 
pain accompanies the disorder; the animal 
kicks (see fig. 2) or shakes the feet when made 
to walk, nr lies persistently and suffers for a 
time from acute fever. The vesicles soon 
hurst and discharge their contents and the 
various parts become increasingly sensitive, 
and severe lameness adds to the animal’s 
discomfort. 
In ordinary cases the raw surfuces are 
speedily covered by epithelium (minute cells 
or scales), their sensitiveness rapidly de¬ 
creases, the lameness and flow of saliva grad¬ 
ually disappears, the pulse becomes slower, 
filler and softer, breathing regular, temper¬ 
ature gradually falls to the stundard of health, 
the appetite returns aud the general func¬ 
tions are restored, except, perhaps, the milk, 
which frequently suffers permanent diminu¬ 
tion ; and from the tenth to the fifteenth day 
after the attack, the animal is convalescent. 
This is the course of common or ordinary 
cases of attack. 
Feature* of the Dlieaie la Aggravated 
(June. 
Ulater says milk cows frequently suffer 
violently. In addition to the indications 
above given, the surfaces of the teats and 
Figure 2. 
udder are involved in vesicular eruption; 
the gland within is also affected by the ani¬ 
mal poison; is hot, tender and swollen. In the 
process of milking, or suckling the calf, the 
vesicles are burst, raw surfaces exposed and 
the operations prove a source of irritation 
which the animal resolutely endeavors to 
avoid. This leads to the retention of the 
milk within the udder, and it becomes an 
additional cause of irritation and even of 
inflammation. In common wilL the ordin- 
