bastard wing assists in flight by keeping the 
•wing from turning upwards, and contracts 
tlie points of the wing in a downward and 
backward position to that of the course of 
the bird through the air. 
3, 3. The lesser coverts of the icings .—These 
are the leathers which are found in succes¬ 
sive rows upon the wings ; those on the in¬ 
side are termed n ndev coverts. 
4, 4. The greater coverts .—'The wing feath¬ 
ers lying under the lesser covertsj they are 
much larger and stronger than the latter. 
5, 5. The primalies .—.Large quill feathers 
taking their growth from below the wrist- 
joint. The length and proportion of the 
feathers control, in a wide degree, the move¬ 
ments of the bird in the air. The nearer the 
longer primary quill approaches the body, 
the more dexterous and beautiful will be the 
motion of the bird when on the wing. The 
hawks, swallows and various other birds of 
rapid flight, that seize their prey in mid air, 
have the longest primary leathers very near 
the body, and consequently are enabled to 
turn and twist themselves with great facility. 
0, 0. The secondaries, or second quill feath¬ 
ers , spring from the second hone of the wing. 
When the wing is extended, they frequently 
islied as to be ornamental as well as useful, 
and must be soul at a price within the reach 
of all. 
Such is the Orient Safety Lamp. It is 
made entirely of metal, and is drawn up 
whole, without joint or solder, to a point 
above the surface of the oil, and with no 
pipes, tubes or other complicated mechanism 
to leak, to get out of order or to keep clean, 
and is as simple to fill, trim and take care of 
as a common glass lamp. 1t is provided with 
ure prevents a superabundance of water 
reaching the roots. So well satisfied am I 
in the value of this precautionary measure 
that I have even the smallest trees slightly 
hanked In fall. Evergreens and deciduous 
trees standing in the nursery rows are 
readily protected by running a plow be¬ 
tween them, throwing a furrow against 
each side. 1 defer doing this until the 
warm autumn weather in part, but do not 
sale or not. I am told that there is a great 
demand for such plants to ornament the 
grounds of the thousands of suburban 
homes in the vicinity of our great cities. 
Perhaps eastern nurserymen have thought 
that progress in rural art and taste was at 
an end in the older States, therefore neg¬ 
lected to keep up a stock of the plants most 
needed for such purposes. There is one 
thing certain, the nurseries near our larger 
DAILY RURAL LITE 
From tlie Dlnry of n Gentleman near New 
York C’itv. 
1.111cm from Hcnles. 
Oct. 23.—Two years ago I sowed a quan¬ 
tity of scales taken from the bulbs of some 
Liliuin auratum bulbs. They were merely 
scattered in broad drills and covered about 
t wo inches deep. No special cure was be¬ 
stowed upon them, not even a projection in 
winter, and still they seem to have done very 
well, for on digging the bulbs to-day, I 
found some nearly an inch in diameter, and 
from this size down to three-eighths. Judg¬ 
ing from this lot of several thousand, it will 
require three to four years to produce bloom¬ 
ing bulbs from scales in the open ground. 
If cultivated in frames, or where artificial 
heat could be applied,-it might not require 
quite so long a time. Propagating lilies, in 
this manner, may he a profitable business if 
conducted on an extensive scale, or where 
labor is cheap; but it will scarcely pay ex¬ 
penses to dabble witla few at the present 
price of large bulbs of the more common 
sorts. It is well enough, however, to know 
that they can l>e rapidly multiplied in this 
manner, because new and high priced va¬ 
rieties are constantly being introduced, and 
these it will pay to propogale even by the 
slow processes of scales or seed. 
Dnpliue Cneoium. 
Oc-t. 24.—This beautiful little evergreen is 
a native of the Alps, where it grows in 
shady as well as exposed positions, among 
rocky cliffs and fertile mountain valleys. 
In spring each twig is terminated with a 
cluster of bright pink or rose-colored fra* 
BOYNTON’S IMPROVED LIGHTNING 
SAW. 
POINTS OF A BIRD. 
the ground freezes. In spring the 
fruit I soil is leveled again with hoe or cultivator. 
ILLUSTRATION SHOWING TIIB DIFFERENT 
seaboard cities have gone into a decline, and | wait unti 
the demand for ornamental as well as 1., - 
nurseries ——■ 
All old woodsmen know how hard it is 
to pull a cross-cut saw, and will appreciate 
an improvement which lessens the labor 
and increases the speed of sawing off logs 
by hand, and also for using as drag saws in 
sawing machines. In the old form of saw 
teeth, their operation was always hindered 
by an accumulation of saw-dust in the kerf, 
trees, is mainly supplied from 
located hundreds or miles away. 1 have 
become tired of purchasing the cheaper 
kinds of evergreens that grow readily from 
cuttings, such as Juniper, Arbor Vittes, Box, 
Thuiopsis lidinispora, Yews, and a score of 
other species which one requires in large 
quantities, for ornamenting Ids country 
home. Years ago I raised all the plants 
wanted of these kinds, hut gave it up for a 
time. I am now coming back to the old 
practice of propagating them from cuttings. 
1 have boxes made eighteen inches by two 
feet and four inches deep; these are filled 
with fine, sharp sand, juto which tlie cut¬ 
tings are set about two inches deep and tvs 
thick together as convenient to place them. 
The cuttings are made at this season, and 
from the ends of small branches. They ure 
cut about four inches long, the leaves on 
tlie portion to be covered are cut away 
smoothly with a sharp knife and the lower 
end of the cutting, also, cutoff—not crushed 
off with dull shears or knives. When a box 
is filled it is placed under the stage in the 
green-house as fur away from the hot-water 
pipes as possible, for it is not best to try 
forcing ripe-wood cuttings too rapidly until 
the callus on them is formed. If the cut¬ 
tings are properly caved for they will he 
ready to place in a warmqiosition in about 
two months, and by spring he well rooted. 
Plants of some of the more rare sorts are 
potted, and as soon as a new growth is pro¬ 
duced it will be taken for cuttings; these 
usually strike root in a few weeks. 
Top DrcMtnx Lawn**. 
Oct. 27.—1 own to a fondness for a good 
lawn, for a good house and outbuild- 
man 
THE ORIENT SAFETY LAMP: 
(Fuller’# Patent,) 
Since the introduction of petroleum oils 
and fluids, many attempts have been made 
to produce a lamp which will effectually 
stop the terrible destruction of life and 
property, caused by the exploding and break¬ 
ing of glass lamps. Some of those attempts 
have been partially successful, so far as re¬ 
lates ‘to safety alone, but heretofore all such 
lamps have been very defective in design 
and construction, having a large number of 
soldered joints, with pipes, tubes, air spaces, 
flight from the water. The tail feathers in 
these last mentioned birds afford the great¬ 
est assistance in springing into the air. 
10. The rent feathers and under tail coverts, 
that extend from the antis, or vent, to Ilia 
tail underneath. These feathers are much 
longer in some tribes of birds than others. 
Those that have a constant habit of flirting 
up their tails have the vent leathers unusual¬ 
ly well developed. 
The tail feathers are various in size and 
numbers, and are generally the most orna¬ 
mental part of a bird. The tail performs the 
most necessary office in the navigation of the 
bird through the air; in fact, it is the rudder 
by which its course is determined, and acts 
in concert with the will of the bird as fleely 
as a ship obeys her helm. 
11. Loved space.— The space between the 
bill and eye. 
12. Ft'ons .—The forehead. 
13. Corona. —Crown of the head. 
14. Occiput. —The bind part of the head. 
15. Flexure .—Bend of the wing. 
10. larsi —Shanks of the legs. 
17. Tibia.—' Thigh. 
Tlie upper and lower bills are called them- 
'oerior and inferior maxilla , or uppci an 1 
and by their constant liability to ride over 
the timber instead of cutting into it. 
In the Boynton saw the teeth are so form¬ 
ed that they both cut their way and clear 
the kerf of saw-dust. All the teeth are of 
equal length, ntul the cut is so dressed that 
one pair of teeth cut on the same side, and 
the next pair on the other side, so there is 
no slant cut, hut all work on their outside 
edges, and cut the wood Instead of scratch¬ 
ing it. In dressing the teeth, the file is only 
used to dress teeth, edge being given with 
whet stone—a saving of friction, ns well as 
files, steel, strength and lime. These saws 
were exhibited and tested at the Fair of 
the American Institute, in this city, where 
they were noticed by Ml*. Greeley, who 
was so well pleased with them that he wrote 
the following item for the Tribune:—“The 
saw is the invention of Alfred Boynton 
of Brooklyn, and the property of E. M. 
Boynton (78 Beckman street)of this city. 
It is operated by two men, and is applicable 
to the cutting of forest timber. A piece of 
chestnut timber ten inches iu diameter was 
sawed with five strokes of the saw in five 
j seconds, and one-half a cord of wood was 
cut in four and a-half minutes. 
ings; to he without it. is 
dressed in broadcloth with boots out at heel 
and toe. Desiring a thing and obtaining it. 
are perplexities Which often meet us else¬ 
where than in making lawns; and a poor 
soil for a foundation is enough to try one’s 
patience in growing grass. I have partially 
conquered at least, and my lawn the past 
season came pretly near my ideal standard, 
but not quite ; and now 1 wish to add some 
material that will not only give me an even 
surface, hut assist the growth of grass next 
season. 1 have often noticed that wherever 
boards, a few sticks, or leaves, were acci¬ 
dentally left upon the grass in autumn and 
removed in spring, the grass which had 
thus been nrotecled crew more luxuriant 
The power 
of the saw is due to the peculiar construc¬ 
tion of the teeth, which with each stroke 
perforate the. wood in contrary directions.” 
tings. Ays)lives, Prairies, Teas, Bourbons 
and Noisettes, are of this class. The cut¬ 
tings should be made in autumn before be¬ 
ing severely frozen, and of the most vigor¬ 
ous and best ripened wood of this season’s 
growth; but if a small heel or section of the 
last year’s wood is left attached, all the bet¬ 
ter. 1 make the cutings about five inches 
long, and place them thickly together iu 
boxes of sand or moss, and set them away 
iu a cool cellar until spring, at which time 
they are planted out in frames, where water 
and shade can he given more conveniently 
than when planted in the open ground. Cut¬ 
tings treated in this way, and occasionally ex¬ 
amined during winter and watered if likely 
to become too dry, will usually form n callus 
upon the corner end—-sometimes roots by 
the time the weather will permit planting 
in spring. Moss and some of the June 
roses will not grow from cuttings treated in 
i his manner, hut if one lias cold frames, hot¬ 
beds, or a green-house at command, they 
may he propagated by grafting upon small 
pieces of roots, the same us is practised by 
nurserymen with apples. 1 have always 
found Moss Roses the most difficult class to 
propagate; but their intractability may be 
overcome by the use of a small piece of 
root from some more free-growing sort. 
EveWcens from Cntiiuics. 
Oct. 26.—It is strange, although true, that 
there is a real scarcity of the more common 
kinds of evergreen trees and shrubs in 
almost every portion of the country. When 
I visit any of our larger nurseries and wish 
to purchase Arbor Vitses, Hemlocks and sim¬ 
ilar kinds of evergreens, suitable for hedges 
and screens, these proprietors seem to be 
perfectly indifferent whether they make a 
lbt Sportsman 
POINTS OF A BIRD. 
the “ upper tail coverts," Ac, I did not like 
to let him know L did not understand all 
about it, but 1 don’t mind telling the Rural 
New-Yorker and asking for information,— 
A Hoosler Boy. 
That is right—we mean it is right yon 
should ask us, hut you were wrong in not 
asking your friend for information at once. 
When you do not know what other people 
do, don’t feign wisdom, but confess at once 
and ask for instruction. It is more disgrace¬ 
ful to pretend to know what you do not, 
than to confess your ignorance. To aid you 
we have copied the accompanying engraving 
from the American Sportsman, published by 
J. P. Ltffincott. Phila., aud for sale at this 
office. It contains a great deal of informa¬ 
tion useful to sportsmen. Here follows the 
explanation of the figure: 
1. Auricular*, the ear covei-ts. — The soft 
feathers that cover the organs of hearing. 
2,2. 7he bastard wing, consisting of three 
or five leathers, resembling the quills of the 
true wing; they are placed on a small bone 
rising from the wrist-joint of the wing. The 
Ac., which the oil soon corrodes through, 
causing them to leak, aud therefore to be¬ 
come useless; and the complicated nature 
of such lamps has rendered them so expen¬ 
sive as to prevent their introduction into 
general use. 
A lamp to meet universal demand and 
give universal satisfaction, must be capable 
of burning with safety, all kinds of oil, good 
or bad. It must be made of metal, and 
without seam, joint or solder, so that it can 
never break or leak. It must be 9 ’miple but 
scientifically constructed, and so nicely fin- 
