numbers, causing the milk to be a mass of 
filth ; then it is reasonable to suppose that 
persons partaking of this milk, even when 
freshly drawn, are liable to have their blood 
also inoculated, and thereby contract disease. 
Who can say that malignant fevers and 
fatal epidemics do not often originate from 
these sources. The fuels brought out in 
these investigations would seem to warrant 
the supposition. At any rale they are of a 
character sufficiently startling, and should 
arrest attention of those who have the care 
of milk stock, and who are in the habit of 
using milk freely. They prove that good, 
clean water is at least a pie-requisite for the 
cow to yield good, healthy milk, and that 
there is more danger in allow ing stock to 
slake thirst in foul, stagnant pools, than has 
commonly been supposed. 
them. At an}' rate they do not get over it. 
They will stay lean all the season. Nothing 
will fatten them. In fact, I have known 
a whole flock affected in this way to he 
almost wort bless, ami nothing else caused it 
but pumpkin seeds.” 
Fonliry Show* in tlie Uuitcit State*. 
We were requested, some time since, to 
give in these columns a list of poultry shows 
to be held in the United States this season, 
with the time, place of meeting, Ac. If our 
correspondents making this request will 
take the trouble to refer to back numbers of 
airg puslmnforg 
ggtnttc 
POULTRY NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Tin! Heard l’igoon. 
We give herewith a fine illustration of a 
pair of Beard or Bearded Tumbler Pigeons, 
of which breed Tegktmeiek informs its 
there are several colors, such as blue, black, 
red, yellow, &o. They arc exceedingly pretty 
birds, and should have white flights, white 
tail, thighs, and pearl eyes, and under the 
POOR MILK. 
A SURE CURE FOR BURNS. 
Mrs. B. R. II., Iberville, Louisiana, asks: 
“ Why docs milk, after turning to clabber, 
become nearly all dear water, with little or 
no curd, and the least possible amount of 
thin cream? I should say either the milk 
has been watered or the cows have not been 
given sufficient salt; but my dairy woman 
denies such being the case. I thought I 
might find a remedy through the Rural 
New-Yorker.” 
When cows arc fed largely upon distillers’ 
slops and foods of this character, the milk is 
of very poor quality. From reported analy¬ 
ses of milk from distillery fed cows in New 
York and Brooklyn, its composition in 100 
parts was found to be, water, 93; butter, 
1 8-10; eiiseine, 8 4 10. The milk of good 
cows in poor and overstocked pastures has 
been found on analysis to contain only 
1 8-10 per cent, of butter and 2 9-10 per 
cent, of casein. One hundred parts of 
such milk would contain, therefore, only 
4 7 10 parts of butler and curd, while good 
milk should show a larger percentage of 
butter alone. We have known individual 
cows yielding a largo quantity of milk so 
poor in quality, both as to butter and curd, 
that no profit could be made from them, 
though well fed upon good, nutritious food. 
Cows of this kind are, however, rather the 
exception than the rule. Milk of average 
good quality, in 100 parts, contains from four 
to five per cent, of butter and about the same 
percentage of caseiuc or curd. 
If our correspondent's cows are well fed 
and cared for, we should say that the poor 
quality of the milk arises from some consti¬ 
tutional peculiarity or defect In the animals; 
hut before making up an opinion in this mat¬ 
ter we should advise our correspondent to 
be present at tbo milking, testing samples 
of milk which are taken directly from the 
cow. We not uufi'eqtlonlly hear of milk, 
which is good, ns drawn from Uio cow, bc- 
Whtle the scientific men of the day are 
investigating the mysterious virtues of “Cun- 
dnrango,” there is a humble plant growing 
in nearly every part of our land, on our low¬ 
lands, or marshy grounds, whoso virtues 
need only to be tested to he found as efficaci¬ 
ous in saving suffering and death, as that 
wonderful plant. While there are but few 
who arc suffering from cancer, there is not a 
family in our land but have felt the need of 
an efficacious remedy for the suffering pro¬ 
duced by even a slight burn ; and it is a fact 
well known to mcdicnl men that many val¬ 
uable lives are lost, not so much from the 
extent of the burn as from the shock and 
exhaustion to the nervous system from the 
intense suffering that the torturing nature of 
a hunt causes before it is relieved. 
This wonderful plant is the homely Cat 
tail, Every school-boy knows it; fordoes 
lie not make his arrows of its long, slender 
stem? To botanists U is known as belong¬ 
ing to the class of Aglumaccous etulogens, 
or flowers without glumes. Of the order, 
Typha latifolia (Wood!, Typha anyust(folia 
(Linn.) “Leaves ensifbrm, concave within 
near the base; sterile and fertile spikes close 
together, or more remote. A common, 
smooth, tall inhabitant of the water in mud¬ 
dy pools and ditches in the United States 
and Canadas. The stem arises from three 
to live feet, round and smooth, leafy below, 
terminated by the largo c.\ limbic spikes. 
Spikes of a brown color, six to ten inches in 
length, composed of slender, downy flowers, 
so compact, particularly the fertile ones, as 
to he of considerable hardness. The upper 
portion is smaller, composed of the sterile 
flowers. Leaves somewhat sword-shaped, 
erect, two to four feet long, and nearly one 
inch wide. They arc called flags, and are 
made useful for weaving the seals of chairs, 
&c.” 
1 have been particular in giving the full 
description as found in Wood’s Botany, that 
no one need mistake it. The brown tops 
arc fully grown by the first of August gene¬ 
rally, and can be gathered from that time 
until the snow flies, or as late as they hang 
on their stems. Their virtue remains any 
length of time, by pulling them in a bag and 
hanging in a dry place. To prepare them 
for use,you have only to pick off the downy 
substance and mix with enough hud to form 
a salve and apply it twice in the twenty-four 
hours. The relief is immediate. 1 have 
never known a case that the pain did not 
cense in from twenty to thirty minutes. Ami 
over all other remedies it lias this virtue : 
It acts as quickly on an old burn that has 
become a bad sore, and as efficaciously as 
upon a fresh burn. It makes no difference 
by what the burn has been made, steam, fire, 
water, powder or any other conceivable 
burning matter, it is still (as one sufferer said, 
when, in twenty minutes his pain was re¬ 
lieved,) “ a miracle.” 
In these days we are too apt to neglect 
some of the good old-fashioned remedies in 
our haste to seek out the new. Let our hos¬ 
pitals, our railroads ami steamboats keep a 
supply of this natural remedy, which costs 
nothing but to gather it, on hand and see if 
suffering so soon relieved does not pay for 
all the trouble. Let every paper copy this 
simple remedy, that its blessing may be felt 
in every part of our country, now whileitis 
so much needed in the fearful baptism of 
lire through which we are passing.—w. 
SMALL CHEESE FACTORIES AS AN 
INVESTMENT. 
Will you have the kindness to eive me a 
little information in relation to the cost of 
cheese making. 1 would like to have you 
answer the following questions, viz.:—Will it 
pay me to build a cheese factory and buy im¬ 
plements to manufacture the milk from three 
hundred cows, fur two years, into cheese, at 
two cents per pound, I to furnish boxes and 
all things necessary to fit the cheese ready 
Eli* iitnul/iil n I tLiid ir flnxza* Jitil V AT tr Dlwo.eu 
for market at thirty days’ old ? My cheese 
maker and wife will cost me $125 per month, 
and other help extra, if required ; and if so, 
how much ? and if not, how many years 
would 1 want the cows hound fin ? If in 
three years it would not pay, how many 
cows hound for two or three years would it 
take to pay, and how much would it pay in 
two years with a sufficient number of cows? 
—A." W. Merrick. 
We can see no profit in building a cheese 
factory to work the milk of hut three hun¬ 
dred cows for two years, at the cost of labor 
named by our correspondent. This, perhaps, 
will he more apparent by making an esti¬ 
mate of receipts and expenditures of the 
business for the year. If we lake 400 pounds 
of cheese as the average annual product per 
cow, there will be a gross product of 120,000 
pounds from the 800 cows. At two cents 
per pound for manufacturing and furnishing 
the total receipts amount to $2,400. The ex¬ 
pense of furnishing, boxing, Ac., of said 
cheese for market, cannot he done for less 
than seventy-five cents per hundred pounds, 
and will possibly cost more. Say that it he 
seventy-five cents and we have the expenses 
on Ihe 120,000 pounds, amounting to $900. 
Then the cheese maker and wife at $125 per 
month for eight months, the usual cheese 
making season, would come to $1,000, mak¬ 
ing for these items alone the sum of $1,900. 
But there will be other incidental expenses, 
such as fuel, extra labor, breakage, insurance, 
Ac., Ac., wldcli, when added to the expense 
account, will not leave a very large margin 
for interest on capital invested,and remuner¬ 
ation for superintendence of the business by 
the owner of Ihe factory. 
Again, the wear and tear on cheese factory 
machinery is very considerable, while parts 
of the building exposed to wet fall rapidly 
into decay, making a heavy tax to keep in 
repair. 
If the milk of three hundred cows was 
promised for a series of years, with the pro¬ 
bability of more cows being added from 
year to } r ear, the cheese factory might per¬ 
haps be a good investment, and more espe¬ 
cially so if the proprietor had a dairy of 
cows, the milk of which he desired to have 
manufactured at the factory. 
Wo have probably given .sufficient data 
for our correspondent to make up an esti¬ 
mate as to the profits to he derived from 
building and working a cheese factory. At 
all events, we should not advise the invest¬ 
ment of capital in a factory fur three hun¬ 
dred cows where all the labor is to be hired. 
Were the proprietor of the factory a cheese 
maker, who proposed to make a business of 
manufacturing cheese, lie might possibly 
make H pay to erect a factory and run it 
with the milk of three hundred cows, pro¬ 
vided they were promised for a series of 
years. Cheese factories are very great con¬ 
veniences in neighborhoods, and dairymen 
are often glad to take stock in them for the 
purpose of having them established, without 
looking to any profit from such slock as an 
investment. 
PAIR OP I3EA.J 
beak should be a streak of while, from whence 
they derive their name. In hluc-beards, as in 
blue bald-heads, the black bars oil t he wing 
and end of the tail should be present, and 
os well defined and dark as possible. As 
Mr. Brent has justly observed, “ The Blue- 
bearded Tumblers are not now often seen of 
accurate markings, more attention being 
paid to breed them delicate and short-faced 
than to maintain a clear breast, clean thighs, 
flight and rump, a fact which I much regret. 
A small, delicate bird looks well in a show- 
pen, but very few of them are strong enough 
to take a lofty flight. I am aware that the 
bead and beak fanciers consider that every¬ 
thing must give way, but those gentlemen 
that admire the Short-faced Tumblers will, 
while they enjoy their fancy, allow others to 
enjoy t heirs, and not exclude, as some seem 
to wish, the flying birds from all exhibitions 
for birds with such short beaks that they 
cannot rear their own young, or so delicate 
that they cannot l»c trusted out, and certain¬ 
ly not fitted for lofty flights.” 
1 n 1 m rm it lion Want oil. 
Bentley A Pieuce, St. Louis, want to 
know where I hoy can procure a While 
Crested Black Poland cock, from “stand 
art!” stock. 
Robt. Pe \se, Schuyler Co.,N. Y., desires 
to purchase a trio of Derby (lame fowls. 
C. Roberts, Wayne Co., N. Y., wishes to 
know where he can purchase Japan Ban¬ 
tams, and at what price. 
S. L. Williams, Peoria, 111., wants to pur¬ 
chase fancy pigeons, such as have been fig¬ 
ured in the Rural New-Yorker. 
C. Otis, Monroe Co., N. Y., seeks informa¬ 
tion as to where he can obtain Cochin China 
fowls of the different colors; and the price 
per trio of lull-blood birds. 
P, N. TIotalino, Montgomery Co., N. Y., 
wishes to know where lie can procure Dr. 
Cooper's work on “ Game Fowls.” 
B. II. IlASimoncK, South Orange, N. J., 
desires the address of persons having White 
Shanghac Ibtvls for sale in the United Slates. 
He also desires circulars and price li«ls ol 
those having young fmv Is of this year’s (1871) 
breeding for sale. Address as above. 
Those possessing the information desired 
in the above queries should let the fact be 
known through our advertising columns. 
We expect to have Dr. Cooricu’s work on 
Game Fowls for sale at our office in a few 
days. When we receive Ihe copies ordered, 
we will make the fact known in our " Book 
List.” 
The correspondent who inquired about 
the price of Jacob Graves’ incubators is 
informed that the price of an incubator (hut 
will hold one hundred eggs is $55; one that 
holds one hundred and eighty eggs, $75; 
artificial mother (double), $43. 
Pumpkin IS ceils for Poultry. 
William Anderson, Arm Arbor, Midi., 
writes the Farmers’ Club that lie lias lost 
many of his fowls in the following manner: 
“ The first, symptom that appears is a lame¬ 
ness in one leg ; after a few days both legs 
become so weak they cannot, stand, and 
pine away and die in two weeus, and some¬ 
times less than licit.” In reference to this 
matter Washington IIills of Long Island 
says:—“ One cause of the disease complained 
of is allowing turkeys to eat the seed of 
pumpkins. Now is about the time farmers 
take in their corn and gather the pumpkins. 
Almost invariably the cattle are treated 
with a meal of pumpkins, and if the turkeys 
are around the barn-yard they also have a 
meal of the seeds, and so sure as they do, so 
sure will they be lame. Sometimes it kills 
SSick Fowl* at the New York Aariciiltn- 
rul Slimv. 
A man who sells ft good many fowls and 
oilier poultry, but is neither recognised as a 
fancier nor yet as a breeder, exhibited a 
good many frowsy, lousy coops of distressed 
and sick poultry at the State Fair. The 
sickening odor of roup saluted the nostrils 
of all who passed near some of the coops, 
and though the fowls were exhibited hi the 
open air and under Capacious sheds, which 
added greatly to their security, the disease 
was communicated to some which came to 
the Fair in perfect health. This man, with 
his old and dirty coops,sick and lousy fowls, 
is an unmitigated nuisance, at the shows 
which he allends, lie gets his name in the 
papers and upon the catalogues, distributes 
Ids circulars and cards, and frequently picks 
up a few prizes upon unimportant, varieties, 
and sometimes lias a few really good fowls 
borrowed or bought for the occasion. He 
takes care to do nothing (which can be found 
out) that would exclude him from future 
shows, and nothing but the most rigid car¬ 
rying out of rules in regard to sjck or lousy 
poultry will meet his and similar cases.— 
Poultry Bulletin. 
Cuiirs in Cliickons. 
Can you give me a remedy or preventive 
of gapes in chickens ? 1 notice mine always 
take it at the same period—say when from 
three to four months old. If from impure 
water, why do they not have it at other 
stages of their growth V—c. 
“ C." will find his question fully answered 
in the present volume of Ihe Rural New- 
Yorker (by referring to hack nmub’hrs), or 
in the “People’s Practical Poultry Book,” 
which may be had at this office. Price, $1.50. 
DEATH IN THE MILK PAIL. 
During our recent visit to Tompkins Co., 
N. Y r ., Mr. L. B. Arnold gave us a few 
brief notes concerning some investigations 
lately made by Professor Law of Cornell 
University. One day the Professor observ¬ 
ed a peculiarity in the cream from the milk 
furnished by the milk-man. It appeared to 
be ropy, and on subjecting it to an exami¬ 
nation under a powerful microscope it was 
found to contain a large number of living 
organisms in different stages of growth. 
Pushing his investigations further, the Pro¬ 
fessor called upon the milk-man to inquire 
concerning the management and keep of his 
cows and the manner in which the milk was 
cared for. Here he found on looking over 
the premises that the cows, for lack of good, 
clean water—the season being unusually dry 
—were forced to slake their thirst in a stag¬ 
nant pool located in a muddy swale. Tak¬ 
ing specimens of this water and examining 
it under the microseropc, the same class of 
organisms was found as those in Ihe milk. 
It was now pretty evident where the cause 
of the trouble lay; but to make the matter 
more clear, specimens of blood were taken 
from the cows and examined under the mi¬ 
croscope, when these also were found to 
contain the same class of organisms. 
The animals, on applying thermometer 
iCS&Hbr determining health or disease, were 
found to be hot and feverish, thus show¬ 
ing that these living organisms introduced 
through the medium of the filthy water 
and taken into the circulation, and by their 
power of reproduction and multiplication 
in the blood become the source of disease. 
Investigating still further, a particle of the 
fillliy water was introduced into milk free 
from such organisms, and known from tests 
to he in good order, and in a short time the 
same filthy organisms multiplied and took 
possession of it in vast numbers, producing 
the same character of milk as that first 
noticed. Other experiments and investiga¬ 
tions were made, but all similar iu results to 
those we have described. 
These facts are of very great importance 
to dairymen : and although it was known 
that the milk from cows drinking the putrid 
or foul water of sloughs mid mud holes 
bad caused much trouble at cheese factories; 
still, dairymen hardly appreciated the full 
extent of the trouble, or wore aware of the 
precise nature of the injury caused by such 
water. If the lives of those foul organisms 
are not destroyed when taken up by cows 
in their drink, but. pass into the circulation, 
tainting the blood, entering the secretions 
and establishing their filthy abode in the 
milk, there to increase aud multiply iu vast 
HYGIENIO NOTES. 
Scurli't Fever. 
Will you, or some of the renders of the 
Rural New- Yorker, please inform me of 
a preventive, and a cure, for scarlet fever; 
also the symptoms?—N, J. p. 
I.nrd for Lice. 
ITiram Barton, South Shnftsbury, Vt., 
writes the Farmers’ Club that two years 
since his fowls were affected with lice, so 
much so that it was unsafe to step in Ihe 
poultry house. lie “applied lard upon the 
lop of the poles on which the fowls roosted, 
and silted sulphur on the lard freely. The 
pest was soon gone and lias not again ap¬ 
peared. The remedy is so easy and simple 
that every person keeping one hen should 
be compelled, by good sense, to use it.” 
Kciurily for Anilnna. 
A. tea made of the loaves of common 
chestnut, which fall from the trees iu au¬ 
tumn, and used ns a common drink, is a val¬ 
uable specific in this disease; its use ought 
to be continued two or three months or 
until the disease is cured. 
For Wen It mill Sore Eyes. 
Wash the eyes with saltwater; use soft 
water and plenty of salt—enough to make a 
good brine. “ The doctors” say “ always rub 
or wash the eyes from instead of towards 
the nose.”—R. ir. 
CliccftO from FrHnte Dairies. 
TnE Superintendent of the Census re- 
turns the following ns the amount of cheese 
manufactured by individuals in each of the 
States and Territories, as far ns ascertained 
by the Census Bureau. The returns of fac¬ 
tories are included among manufactories and 
have not yet been compiled:—California, 
3,935,074 lbs.; Connecticut, 2,031,194; Del¬ 
aware, 315; Florida, 25; Illinois, 1.061,703; 
Kansas, 226,007; Maine, 1,152,590; Mary¬ 
land, 0,732; Massachusetts, 2.245,873; Min¬ 
nesota, 233,977; Nebraska, 40,142; Nevada, 
none; New Hampshire, 849,118; New Jer¬ 
sey, 88,229; New York, 22,709,904; Ohio, 
8,109,480; Oregon, 79,333; Pennsylvania, 
1,145.209; Rhode Island, 81.970; Vermont, 
4,830,700; West Virginia, 32,429; Wiscon¬ 
sin, 1,591.798; Arizona, 14,500; Colorado, 
33,020; Dakota, 1,850; Idaho. 4,404; Mon¬ 
tana, 25,003; New Mexico. 27,239; Utah, 
69,003; Washington, 17,405; Wyoming, 
none; District oi' Columbia, none. 
A Larue Eac. 
Mu. C. F. Huntington, Rochester, N. Y’., 
sends the Express an egg laid by a six 
months-old chicken, that measures six by 
seven and a-half inches. This is doing 
pretty well for a chicken. If it lays eggs 
this size when a chielcen , what will it do 
when it becomes a lien ? The breed is not 
staled. _ 
Rlcmislica on Dark lira limn*. 
Is a brown tinge on the wings of Dark 
Brahma chickens necessarily a blemish or 
disqualification? If any of the thousands 
of readers of the poulterer’s friend—the Ru¬ 
ral New-Yorker —will answer my ques- 
lion they will confer a favor On—D. C. R., 
Port Henry, iY. Y., 1871. 
Dyspepsia ltemeily. 
Clean wheat bran will cure dyspepsia. 
Take a tablespoon lit 1 or more once, twice, 
or thrice a day—or enough of it to keep the 
bowels regular. It may be taken in milk, 
water, ten, or in something to make it. palat¬ 
able. II the stomach is very irritable, take 
violet roots or some kinds of mucilage with 
the bran. Bran removes costiveness with¬ 
out producing injurious effects upon the 
intestines. As the liver is always morbidly 
affected in this complaint, take a lea made 
of Apocynum audrosaunefolvnn (common 
names, spreading dog-ham-, bitter root, wan¬ 
dering milkweed, &c,), occasionally.—D. S. 
Roblyer. 
