tion of liis serpentine to the fuel of liquors 
drawn from wines. instead of heating 
those mixtures in tl»e open air, losing a 
considerable quantity of alcohol, and ex¬ 
posed sometimes to great fires by its inflam¬ 
mation, the manipulation is performed in a 
close coil. Thanks to this mild and uni¬ 
form heat, spirituous liquor will acquire its 
full bouquet. 
In ull that ha9 been said, the apparatus of 
a yellowish color, with redish checks; here, 
instead of growing into a branch, the calyx 
alone was converted into leaves, and must 
evidently have formed a full blossom, and 
again developed; or both pears must have 
grown simultaneously. 1 carefully spill the 
pear through the center, and with a cloth 
dried the firm pulp, and with printers' 
ink, carefully applied, took ail exact impres¬ 
sion in my book, after I had taken an accu¬ 
rate drawing of the fruit as shown in Fin-, o 
and Fig. 3. 
The first or lower pear had elongated, ru- 
dimeutal seed cells, but no trace of seed was 
visible; in the upper portion there were dis¬ 
tinct seed cells, and rudtmental seeds devel¬ 
oped, terminated by the remains of the calyx 
as in ordinary pears. I have no theory to 
oIIYm, but deem it worthy to be put on record 
along With Bonnet’s figure; and as such, 
submit it to the pages of the Rural New- 
A ORKEIt. T STAnpu’n'n 
cimtific itntr mtM 
uaiir n un. i lie Vestrums are so easily 
cultivated, requiring only a moderate degree 
of heat in winter, that those who cultivate 
other tender plants may try these with a 
good prospect of success. 
There are many other beautiful ornamen¬ 
tal-berried plants which are seldom seen, 
even in the most extensive collections. The 
florists on the other side of the Atlantic are 
paying more attention, of late years’ to this 
class of plants than formerly, and we may 
expect very soon to see them coming into 
fashion here. 
ON HEATING WINES, 
VEGETABLE MORPHOLOGY. 
Those who are observant among plants, 
must frequently see various cases of depart¬ 
ure from the normal development of plants, 
fruit and flowers, termed metamorphosis of 
organs. Notwithstanding the great apparent 
d:llcrcnce in the form and function of the 
leaves, bracts, calyx, or sepals, petals, 
stamens, &c., according to morphological 
writers, the scale of a leaf-bud is a rudi¬ 
mentary leaf; the petal is a leaf reduced in 
size, and thinned or col- 
l~ r: oral, or both ; the stamen 
Tgjfe. is a leaf, whose petiole is 
represented by the til i- 
■ '' inent, while the two lobes 
““ of the anthers are the two 
—- ILL sides of its lamina; and 
fejg the pollen is the disin- 
T” tegrnted inesophyll, i. e. y 
the parenchymatous tissue 
j- ~ forming the fleshy part of 
j p S a leaf between the upper 
gi|p|gjp||§| ll 'id lower integuments, 
—— - and so on. Jl is true 
USEFUL AND SCIENTIFIC ITEMS. 
Cii ovu In ni 
Is the name of a deodorizer being used witl 
success in the English markets as a deodor 
izer and disinfectant. 
Home-Made Chloride of Lime. 
An excellent disinfectant is readily ob¬ 
tained by dissolving a bushel of salt in a 
barrel ol water, and with the suit water slack 
a lau re I of lime, which should lie wet enough 
to form a kind of paste. For the purpose 
of a disinfectant, this home-made chloride 
ol lime is nearly as good a? that purchased 
at the shops and drug stoics. 
Figure 1. 
i ellter was examined on the ground of 
an Operation carried on in the open air, bill 
with a little modification he has succeeded 
likewise 111 an inclosed vase, for any sort of 
refined wines and liquors, whose essences 
and bouquet are extremely volatile. In this 
case the influence of air is still more perni¬ 
cious. A French hogshead contains gener¬ 
ally 228 lit res of wine ; but when first, heated 
by ils expansion about 10 litres overflow, 
and as k has to be restored again heated, to 
the hogshead, in order to prevent the 
utn, Mr 
ing disposition 
JO i revent llie Mouliling of Gum Arabic. 
It is well known that solutions of gum 
arabic soon become moldy, and eventually 
sour, and finally Jose all adhesive proper¬ 
ties. To prevent this it has been customary 
to use creosote, carbolic acid, corrosive sub¬ 
limate and other poisonous or disagreeable 
agents, the cost of which, or their unpleas¬ 
ant character, has deterred persons from 
using them. We now see it stated that. 
vneu 
Tei.lieu has invented the follow 
A tin recipient a ,#, a, a. 
with a funnel b, r 
port c, c, oil the cask, being aide to contain 
(1 litres, with a hogshead of 238 litres. A 
communication is established with the cask 
through the tubed;, as also with the funnel 
by the pipe /, which in its low end is pierced 
with small holes from 2 to 3 millimetres in 
diameter. A tube, s, is to set free the air 
which has been introduced in the cask. The 
funnel, b, can lie withdrawn in order to clean 
it. Around the bung-hole is a ring of ca¬ 
outchouc attached to prevent the passage of 
air and to keep the little apparatus tight. 
When the wine has been healed with the 
serpentine, the remaining 10 lilies, left out, 
are poured in the funnel, b, falling in the 
hogshead through the pipe fl. At first 
it is cold; but by passing through the small 
holes in l, and spreading itself, like a stream, 
it becomes warm again by the contact with 
the hot mass of wine, While the wine is 
cooling down, a vacuum is formed in the 
hogshead, which vacuum is immediately 
filled up by the new wine falling from the 
funnel. As for the excess of wine formed 
by the expansion, it will ascend, being 
heated, through the apparatus, d, into the 
recipient, a, a, a , a. Ii is, nevertheless, 
to be noticed that, ns it ought to he, iT 
the cask has been entirely filled up, it 
will remain still full after the operation. 
Now the air, which has penetrated in the 
cask at the time the serpentine is withdrawn, 
which amounts from 2 to 3 litres, being also 
heated, will pass into the recipient. a,a,a,a, 
and escape out through the pipe «, which 
contains cotton. It has been proved by Mr. 
cKling by the aid of a sup 
change is m an upward course—from leaves 
into sepals, from sepals into petals, and from 
i) 0 t rate 
FlO. 1. 
A monstrous double pear, prolong 
into h leafy brunch, from Bonntt 
the latter into stamens, or eve 
We trace the typical leaf forward into the 
floral envelopes, and thence into the essen¬ 
tial organs of the blossom. 
It often happens t hat the regular develop¬ 
ment is interfered with by the sling of an 
insect, lack or superabundance of some one 
or more of the primary elements, or from 
incidental, electric or other causes, which 
produce deviation in cell, action or motion 
of the juices in someway. In such cases 
thejr may have also 11 retrograde metamorpho- 
sw, as are frequently met with among culti¬ 
vated flowers. lienee we find cases in 
which the actual reconversion of what 
should have been a pistil into a leaf lias 
taken place. The change of stamens into 
petals occurs in many of our double and 
semi-double flowers of the gardens; again, 
the pistils disappear, to be replaced by a 
rosette of petals; in other cases the petals 
A “‘oaBtrous double penr from tlie botanical illustrations of 
u ': ee! " Uie yunt 01 (i£ °- d - spue - 
sulpbate of quinine will serve the same 
purpose, without itself imparling any bad 
odor. The addition of a solution of a few 
crystals of this salt to gum arabic will pre¬ 
vent the formation of mold quite as effect¬ 
ually as carbolic acid, and by analogy it is 
safe to suppose that the same salt could be 
used in writing ink, mucilage, and possibly 
glue. 
HYGIENIC) NOTES, 
Chapped Hands. 
Bertha 8. asks if we know of any ap¬ 
proved remedy for chapped bands. Yes, the 
following;—Three draclnns camphor gum, 
three do. white beeswax, three do. sperma¬ 
ceti, two ounces olive oil. Melt slowly upon 
the stove. It will form a white ointment 
when cool. 
Dyspepsia Remedy. 
Alloav me to offer a recipe for dyspepsia 
which has always (and in some very bad 
eases, too,) proved effectual: — Camomile 
flowers, one ouuce; hops, one ounce; one 
quart water, cold; put in at night ami it, is 
lit for use in the morning. Dose, one wine 
glass a day. When the bottle is about half 
used, fill it up again. If I am not mistaken, 
the patient will lie perfectly cured before she 
has used many bottles.—w. a. av. 
larknlturf 
mental berries, we now call attention tor 
beautiful conservatory plant, possessing the 
same merit in addition to its elegant foliage 
and flowers. The llabrothammis section ol 
the Oestrum are all natives of this Conti¬ 
nent, a larger proportion of the species be¬ 
ing found in Mexico. A cluster of the 
fruit and flowers, both of natural size, of 
Cestrmn elegans is shown in illustration, on 
page 393. This species grows to quite a 
large size, forming a half woody shrub, sev¬ 
eral feet in bight, with graceful pendulous, 
leafy branches. Leaves are placed alter¬ 
nately on the branches, they are three to 
four inches long, pointed, and deep glossy 
green above, and somewhat pubescent be¬ 
neath The flowers are tubular, about an 
inch long, borne iu a pendulous raceme or 
cluster. Their color is a deep purplish red 
or dark rose. Berries round, half to thren- 
Efficacy ol' Ke-Vnecinatioa, 
It is stated in the Edinburgh Medica 
Journal that at a recent meeting of the 
Glasgow MedicoOJiirurgiciil Society, “not 
one member was able to adduce one single 
instance of a tc-vaccinaled person having 
taken the small-pox.” It was maintain¬ 
ed that when small-pox prevails, every 
individual above five years of age, in an in- 
fected locality, ought l<i be re-vuccinated. 
Wo believe Ibis is the universal conviction 
of impartial medical observers in all parts 
of the world. 
Potatoes iu Poultice*. 
Perhaps it is not generally known how 
much pleasanter and more agreeable, as 
well as efficacious, is a poultice made of po¬ 
tatoes than one made of bread. Ii keeps 
longer, can be reheated several times, and 
does not wet the Clothing, Peel, boil and 
mash the potatoes ; inclose iu a muslin bag 
and apply to the affected part To boil 
them in hot water has a very soothing effect, 
and enhances their virtue. A poultice made 
of boiled beans i9 by some thought to he 
better than potatoes, but both are worthy 
of a trial. 
Figure 2. 
Pasteur, that cotton is an excellent filter 
for air, retaining the germs and corpuscules 
in suspension in the atmosphere. 
Paris, Nov. 24, 1871. Anure Poet. 
TI10 Union Villnee Grape. 
A correspondent asks if this grape is 
worth anything as a wine grape. We have 
never seen nor heard any filing to indicate 
that it is. It is of large size but poor iu 
quality. Or ils relative saccharine qualities 
we have no comparative data at hand. 
n*wmu 
I T jl 
■ . k. ' II 
