"b 
MOOBE’S 
1 
JAW. 44 
26 
BUBAL W »W- YORKER 
n/'j 
er 
keep up the stren t h and quality of stock, a 
judicious blending c different tribes is ab¬ 
solutely necessary; „ r fnjch, however, the 
greatest care must be ifc en to employ a bull 
of undoubted purity, air no t to use anyone 
about whom the Klightcstsuspicion coin exist 
regarding his blood or pMigrec. In order 
Bomotimea to do a way with ,nv coarseness or 
local defects, breeding in anuin may be re¬ 
sorted to with success; but siKh a course in 
all breeding stock ought to he tie exception, 
not the rule. 
BROOM CORN EXPERIMENTS. 
And now let me say one word abo«t cross¬ 
ing tlieso Polled cattle with other breen. The 
end in view with this is simply the rearing 0 f 
heifers and bullocks for the butcher ulnm-; 
and in all cases lot these bo out of a black 
Polled cow and a well-selected Short-Horn 
bull, combining, by such an intermixture, the 
neat figure and healthy disposition of the one 
with the size and bone of the other. Such 
come sooner to a marketable profit than any 
pure-bred animal, inasmuch as the excellen¬ 
ces of two superior breeds are combined to¬ 
gether in one. 
The reverse has and is being tried—a. Polled 
bull with a Short-Horned cow: hut somehow 
from this no one seems hopeful of a satisfac¬ 
tory result. Moreover, in all such crosses of 
dilTerent breeds no one ought to go farther 
than the Jirst cross, as after that a decided 
coameaess of style appears—long legs and 
“weedy appearance,” and none of the good 
feeding properties bo desirable in an animal 
that is to bo of any profit to the farmer. 
I remarked before that the aut horized color 
of the Polled Aberdeen and Angus cattle is 
black, yet in many cases we find them with a 
strain of brown down the back, and about 
tlia ears. From such some think that the 
color of many of t he original “ Buchan dod 
dies” was red and brindled, and, from the 
black color being preferred, it has so far disap¬ 
peared that tills is all that remains to indicate 
that such had been once the case. Cows with 
such a strain in them are invariably excellent 
milkers. 
In the rearing of t he young, and the general 
treatment of this breed, the same rules hold 
good as with others, so that with the usual 
necessary amount of eare, warmth, and reg¬ 
ularity in the feeding, any one who has a 
fauc.y for what is most useful, and at the 
same time ornamental, will find both qualities 
combined in those descendants of the ‘ 1 Buchan 
dod dies.” 
- 4 4 » 
Experiments with one acre each of the 
Mohawk, Early Evergreen, Missouri Ever¬ 
green, Chinese and Dwarf Brush varieties of 
broom corn, made on the Experimental Farm 
of the Illinois Industrial University in 1872, 
under the same conditions of preparation of 
ground, time of planting, quality of seed, 
culture, etc., give the following results in 
weights of green and cleaned brush for the 
different varieties and quantities of seed : 
mohawk; 
CORN STALKS AND SORE MOUTHS. 
Wile you or your readers give experience 
tending to confirm, or otherwise, my theory 
that feeding cattle unstoamed cornstalks 
causes them to have sore mouths ? Some of 
mine ure very sore, aud 1 can account for it 
in no other way. They have been eating 
cornstalks almost exclusively for some time. 
I have now changed their feed to hay, and 
they seem to bo getting better. p. p. s.^ 
Many farmers have given similar testi¬ 
mony, though wo luivo had no such experi¬ 
ence. We fancy it depends somewhat upon 
the condition of the cured corn. If it has 
been frost-bitten beforo cutting, or lias been 
allowed to get too dry in the field, we can 
understand why it should cause sore 
mouthB in stock. 
TROUGH FOR WATERING STOCK. 
D. J., Thornhill, Out., asks, “Is there any 
way of constmcting a trough for watering 
homes aud cattle so that the water will not 
freeze and fill up the trough ?" If the water 
runs into the trough from the spring, and the 
water of the spring happens to be warm, by 
letting it flow steadily freezing is prevented. 
But if the water is pumped into a trough the 
only way wo know of preventing it freezing 
solid is to have a plug in tho bottom of the 
trough, and after the stock is watered draw 
the plug ami let what water is left run out. 
Tliis is far hotter and easier than chopping 
the ico out of the trough every morning. If 
any of our readers have ant i-freezing troughs 
let them respond to our correspondent. 
HOW TO USE STRAW. 
At a Farmers’ Club discussion in Vermont, 
recently, a farmer is reported as saying that 
after threshing, tho straw was replaced upon 
the mows to remain until the next haying 
season. It was then mixed with half-made 
hay as it, was carted into the barn and a good 
supply of salt sprinkled upon it. In this way 
some labor in drying was saved, and the 
whole made excellent food for the stock the 
QO xt Winter. And yet wo doubt tho economy 
af such practice, and call for the experience 
jf our readers in the matter. 
; aero, 12 bow! drop. Oil lbsereon.hruBh. 132 lbs cleaned 
“10 “ Hit .. 
075 
605 
let 
ir>8 
RSOltm. 
Total. 3,<vrdb9. 
EARLY EVERGREEN. 
t nerc, 12s«eddrop, 705 lbs (freon brush, IBS lbs cleaned 
l .. ] 0 .. 078 “ “ 179 " “ 
“ 8 •• COO “ “ 1(13 " 
■ *• o *• 623 “ " no “ 
Total.2,508 lbs. 
MISSOURI EVERGREEN. 
C71 lbs. 
u uere. 12 seed drop, 132 lbs croon brush, 157 lbs cleaned 
ft " 10 " 527 “ “ 164 “ 
ft “ 8 “ (160 " “ 104 “ “ 
V\ 44 
6 u 030 
Total.2,2991b*. 
107 
C52.1bs. 
CHINESE. 
acre, 12 seed drop, 300 lbs green brush, 165 lbs cleaned 
•* 10 “ 459 “ “ 158 “ 
“ 8 “ 700 " ** 144 “ 
„ 6 » 6 75 « •• 136 “ 
003 lbs. 
I 
Total.2,034 lbs. “ 
Dwarf nntrsn. 
acre 12s’ddrop, 1,343 lbsgreen brush, 2(8 lbs cleaned 
U 
k 
10 
8 
6 
1,060 
1,190 
1,040 
205 
173 
124 
WEIGHT OP CLEANED BRUSH. 
Vdrtettai. 12seeds. 10seeds. 8seeds. (Iseeds. 
Molmwk 
Karly ICvorureen.... 
Missouri Evergreen. 
Chinese. 105 
Dwarf Brush. 2-48 
192 
166 
164 
158 
183 
179 
168 
146 
157 
10-4 
164 
167 
165 
153 
114 
136 
248 
205 
173 
124 
945 
672 
803 
731 
Mohawk. 1,520 
Karly Evergreen— 1,568 
Missouri Evergreen. 2,508 2,299 
Chinese. 2,052 
Dwarf Brush. 8,290 
EX. 
CLEANED. 
1872. 
1871. 
1872. 
3.00G 
178 
G80 
2,503 
275 
671 
2,299 
too 
652 
2,031 
330 
(•<13 
4,633 
679 
750 
11,540 
1,912 
3,856 
2,908 
382 
671 
Dwarf Brush. 
664 V 
The Dwywf Brush gives the best results and 
the Missouri Evergreen, which seems to he 
the favorite variety with Champaign grow¬ 
ers, comes next to it. The yield of Mohawk 
was exceptionally small in 1871, und makes it 
thus far the variety giving the smallest re¬ 
turn. 
The yield of green brush in 1873 was nearly 
33 per cent, greater t han in 1371, while the 
increase in cleaned brush is 75 per cent. This 
is a curious and port ups significant fact, as it 
seems to show that the drouth and chinch 
bugs injured the osaettia! part of the crop in 
a far greater rat io than ty unimportant parts. 
Tliis raises the question vhether.-as a general 
rule, adverse condit ions will first cause the 
deterioration of the speeltlly developed parts 
of a plant under cultivation 
W. C. Flagg, 
Superintendent o' Experiments. 
Total.4,633 lbs. •• 750 lbs. •* 
Fifty or sixty pounds of the Dwarf Brush 
were damaged and thrown out beforo weigh¬ 
ing the cleaned brush. 
Comparing vai*ieticB, we get the following 
figures: 
Mohawk—3,060 lbs. greed brush; 080 lbs. cleaned, or 
22.1 per cent. 
Karly Evergreen—2,608 lbs. green brush; GT1 lbs. 
cleaned, or 22.3 per cent. 
Missouri Evergreen—2,299 lbs. green brush ; (152 lb*, 
cleaned, or 28.3 per cent . . 
Chinese-2,034 lb*, green brush; 003 ll>8. cleaned, or 
29.ll per cent. , 
Dwarf Brush—(.633 lbs. green bruBh ; 6501 bn. cleaned, 
or 16.1 per cent. 
The hoaviegt yield per acre comes from the 
Dwarf Brush, which, however, wag on the 
best ground; but the yield of cleaned brush 
compared with t he green brush to be handled 
is much lower. This, curious to say, causes 
t he Dwarf Brush to be discarded by Western 
cultivators, and varieties like Missouri Ever¬ 
green to lye preferred. 
Comparing the different amount of seeds 
dropped in a place, we got the following re¬ 
sults: 
WEIGHT OF GREEN BRUSH. 
Varieties. 12 seeds. 10 seeds. 8 seeds. 6 seeds. 
Molinwk. 043 843 675 005 
Early Kvi Tureen _ 705 078 609 625 
Missouri Kvorgrecn. 492 527 050 630 
Chinese. 000 459 700 675 
Dwarf Brush. 1,343 1,060 1,190 1,040 
Total. 3.783 3,M7 8,815 8,375 
Thus the number of seeds appeal's to make 
no definite difference in the weight of the 
green brush. In tho clean brush, however, 
the result is more marked, thus: 
Total.. 945 
Here wo find the weight of brush increas¬ 
ing with the amount of seed, but by no means 
in an equal ratio. Suckering fills up Hie thin¬ 
ly planted broom corn, but does not make so 
good stalks as original plants. Hence, prol ►- 
ably, the discrepancy between t he compara¬ 
tive yields of green and cleaned brush. 
In 1871 the same five acres were planted 
with tho same five varieties. Tho following 
table gives a comparison of results in 1871 
and 1872: 
WltmriT OF BRUSH. 
» OR 
Varieties. 1871. 
Total.15,968 11,540 
Average per aero.. 2,193 2,908 
The season of 1871 was very dry and the 
chinch bug diminished the crop to an un¬ 
known extent. The season of 1872 was quite 
favorable, so far as quantity was concerned, 
but the brush is somewhat coarse, of inferior 
color aud a good deal broken down from 
softness and weakness in the damp weather 
prevalent at tho time of its putting out. 
The average yield per aero for the two years 
of the different varieties is as follows: 
Molmwk... 429 pounds. 
JCin-ly Evergreen... 473 
Missouri Evergreen.... 
Chinese,...,. 491H “ 
Total.. 2,634 pounds. 
Average. 627 
THE LATE ROSES—P01\T0ES. 
I planted two varieties of L,te Rose_ 
the Campbell and Thorburn. Of \, e Cami>- 
bell I planted four pounds amongmy me j. 
ons, manured in tho hill with a aultt* are 0 f 
ashes and common manure. I cut sii\i e eye 
to a piece, one piece to a hill. Your 
perhaps, do not know that a single cy<v an 
be cut so as to make four to six hills; W 
such is tho caso. From the four pounds v 
Campbell 1 dug fifteen bushels of good pota¬ 
toes; in one hill, by actual count, wo dug 15a 
potatoes. 1 consider them equal to the 
Poach Blow for the table—very dry and 
mealy ; resembles the Old Neshannock; top 
very bushy, and keeps green until killed by 
the frost. The Colorado bug troubled many, 
but very little, when other varieties were in¬ 
jured badly. It should bo planted rather 
early—about the middle of April. 
The Thorburn did not amount to much. 
From four pounds planted and cultivated the 
same way, only one and one-half bushels 
wore produced. I think (so do others) that 
they are 11n- greatest humbug in the potato 
line out, and should say that they are nothing 
more or less than the Early Rose or sport 
from it. With me it was about as early as 
the Early Rose, the top of both dying about 
t he same time. 
Tile Peerless here tliis season did well; from 
about one-fourth of an acre 1 dug 110 bush¬ 
els. I think L. W. G.’s statement as to the 
manner of cultivation -hills vs. level culture 
—would work rather poorly with us, as some 
have tried it here to their sorrow. Potatoes 
should be hilled up a little—say from four to 
six inches. As to A. S. Nash’s method of 
digging, I consider the shovel plow the best. 
T. c. w. 
no less than three or four such changes since 
hop growing commenced. 
Last year hops took such a sudden rise, and 
growers were so eager to sell, that very few 
realized good prices, tho majority of them 
getting about 10 or 15 cts. per pound. The 
present year growers were very high in their 
anticipations, the most of them holding at 
about 40 cents; but speculators held aloof 
until some of tho producers wore obliged to 
realize on their crop, when tho brewers took 
advantage of it and got tho market down to 
15 cts., and it hail kept there so long that all, 
or nearly all, of the growers came to the 
conclusion that there would bo no rise, when 
all at once speculators were on hand and 
bought up the balance of tho crop at about 
25 cts. per pound; so that the crop is again 
cleared off ready for tho next. 
My impression is that heps can be grown 
cheaper in Canada than in New York State, 
for timber is plonticr and land is lcs9 valua¬ 
ble. Land can bo ha/1 for 840 per acre, and 
poles for 820 to 825 per thousand, wliilo pick¬ 
ers gather the hops for 25 cents a box and 
board themselves; box tenders work for 81 
pei - day, so that it costs in tho neighborhood 
of 3 cents a pound to gather the crop. A 
fair crop would behalf a ton to an aero; con¬ 
sequently if wc can get 25 cents a pound wo 
can make a comfortable living out of them. 
o. 
■- 4-*-4 - 
JAPAN PEAS. 
The Mobile Register says:—“Wo claim the 
'•Vtorof having started this new interest iu 
tl, \apan peas, and wc arc really proud of it, 
for to .Pipnn ]>ea is undoubtedly cue of the 
best t\ a g 3 climatically secured to the South. 
It is ea»|y j-aised, wili grow on almost any 
character ^oil, yields enormously and is en¬ 
tirely cxcn.A f r om attack by either the pea 
or bean weev As a food for man wc think 
it liaa no equal,, (j 10 p ca or bean line, aud it 
makes a stock ,. oc j almost equal to corn. 
Hogs relish it ondv^tten upon it, and poultry 
of all kinds seem % va nt nothing bottei - . 
Rown thickly upon land it makes the 
very best of hay, and as ^ green feed stock 
will eat it in preference to wthing else.” 
FERTILIZER FOR CORK AND b TAT0ES 
I reg those having cxperiencKi 0 tell me, 
through the Rural New-Yorker,\ hat kind 
of fertilizer should bo applied in h.^ to se¬ 
cure a good crop of corn and potatoes, what 
quantity should be used, and wfL it pay? 
Also, how should seed com be propped to 
prevent grubs destroying the same?—b b. 
j Syracuse, X. Y. 
In justice to Campbells I .ate Rose, allow 
mo to say that the. yield of 317 lbs. was from 
four pounds of seed instead of ten pounds, as 
per your issue of Dee. 21; in fact, it preduced 
more than twice as much as any other variety 
I planted Lust year, considering either the 
pounds of seed planted or amount of ground 
occupied. The tost was on a small scale— 
not large enough to give a positive result.-— 
W. R. Skkkls, Jeff Co., N. V. 
e Stain man. 
I V 
HONEY-PRODUCING PLANTS. 
I sent for and received one-half pound of 
Campbell’s Late Rose ; cut one eye in a piece, 
put one piece in a hill which made 38 hills ; 
planted ou clay loam. When wc dug them 
the product weighed 201 lbs., or a trifle over 
3j/bushels. We cooked them once. They 
were whiter than the Peach Blow.—S. A. 
Pelton, Sauk Co., Win. 
- - 
HOP GROWING IN CANADA. 
The growing of hops in Canada seems to 
be a very precarious business as well as in 
the United States, I suppose one of the rea¬ 
sons for it is that the Canadians are .some¬ 
what like the Americans; for as soon as there 
is a rise in the market everylxxly rushes into 
planting out new yards, and of coarse the 
market is soou glutted, and then the greater 
share of t hem plow tbcm up again; the con 
sequence is that only a verj few of those 
that engage in it make anything at the 
business. 
Something over thirty years ago, the first, 
hops were grown in tliis province, in tho 
township of Nissouri, near the city of Lou¬ 
don; and there was so larje profits derived 
from the culture of them, pat, the majority 
of the farmers in tho vicinity planted yards, 
and in the course of a fev years hops had 
become so plenty then] and elsewhere, 
that it would not pay tli< cost of growing 
them; the consequence das, very shortly 
In the Rural New-Yorker of Dec. 7, I 
find some inquiries from “Tyro ” for the best 
annual plants for bees to gather stores from. 
There are but very few house plants or culti¬ 
vated flowers that are of value to bees; 
and after observing their habits closely for 
one year, lie will be convinced of the fact.. 
Sow nothing but what will answer a double 
purpose, as peas, beans, corn, cucumbers, 
squashes and pumpkin- ; and if living iu a 
section where white clover is abundant, and 
Alsiko clover may be grown, all the better. 
In addition to the fruit-bearing trees, the 
basswood, soft maple aud willow arc most 
important; and raspberries and blackberries 
are very valuable. 
As to hive, use a plain, simple frame one, 
with a movable top and bottom, the surplus 
honey to bo taken away either in frames or 
boxes, as may be desired, thus not interfer¬ 
ing with brood comb in the least; one that 
can be enlarged or contracted at pleasure, to 
suit size of swarm, and in which artificial 
swarms may be made without removing sep¬ 
arate frames; or swarms form naturally, as 
desired; that may be packed in straw during 
cold weather and yet shall give them perfect 
liberty when desirable, and shall not cost 
over two or t hree do! lam to make—in fact a 
hive having all t lie conveniences necessary to 
a hive, with cheapness combined. The club 
orate, complicated and expensive hive is a 
positive nuuisance. 
There has not been honey enough gathered 
in Chautauqua Co. to safely cany through 
the old and new swarms in 1872. 
JameBtown, N. Y. A. M. Cook. 
VALUE OF ITALIAN BEES. 
hop yards dwindled downito a few. About 
that time hops began t) pay well, and 
forruei' experience did notjdet.er the farmers 
from rushing into it again There have been 
At a recent, Bee-keeper’s Convention, Mrs. 
Tutfer said that 1 he past year had in Iowa 
proved conclusively that the Italians would 
yield profit while the block bees did barely 
nothing. They were not troubled by the 
moth, nor were they robbed under most un¬ 
favorable circumstances. 
