8200, and nothing had been allowed for the 
services of husband and wife. It is a good 
farm of 100 acres that produces $1,000 an¬ 
nually. % 
Mr. Pottkk lias a beautiful farm of 100 
acres and carries a dairy of 30 cows. The 
factory season commenced May 2. and closed 
Oct 5.' During this time Mr. Potter fur¬ 
nished 58,400 pounds of milk and received in 
dividends $575.11. Received from calves and 
deacon skins $00.52 ; for butter made at ftlrm 
$182.00; making total receipts of $827.32, or 
an average of an out 111 from each cow. Re¬ 
ducing the 005 pounds of butter to cheese the 
total product or cheese was 7.015 pounds^ Mr. 
Potter’s form, he said, is well worth *15,000. 
The at,uck and tools could not. be less than 
$2,000. and the amount expended for liired 
labor was about $400. It, coat more than 
$1,440 to produce the 7.015 pounds of cheese 
made—or at the rate of 201 Jo per pound. Some 
other branches of agriculture must be com¬ 
bined with cheese and butter making Lo bal¬ 
ance this deficiency. To recommend grain 
raising to til© dairy farmers of Central New 
York lie said would arouse ft feeling Of indig¬ 
nation ; for the System had been thoroughly 
tried ami found wanting. Still we must keep 
some llelds under the plow and it is best to 
raise some grain. Every farmer should strive 
to raise on the farm all that is needed for 
consumption and especially his bread stud’s. 
Mr. .Jou.v Osrounk. on a farm adjoining Ids 
own, grew white winter w heat at the rate of 
45 bushels per acre. He spoke of the potato 
as a favorite crop and one t hat was gen rally 
remunerative. From 175 to 200 bushels per 
acre may generally be expected. He thought 
I bushels of potatoes, for fattening stock, 
equal to one of corn. Onondaga Co. farmers 
recommend tobacco as a paying crop. They 
were learning, he was happy to say, to ap¬ 
preciate the dairy in connection with their 
'TY«ris!iala mnlrp ii pth'iiI PTfiTI. Lilli lulVflll— 
WATERING TROUGH 
N. Y. STATE DAIRYMEN’S CONVENTION. 
Tuesday’s Session. 
At the close of President Willard s re¬ 
marks, Mr. T. D. Curtis of the Utica Herald 
was introduced, and delivered an address on 
COMBINATIONS FOR CONTROLLING PRICES. 
The farmers, he said, have been content to 
occupy back seats in the,political synagogue, 
and have not pushed their claims as men 
engaged in other callings. While others have 
organized for self-protection, and sometimes 
for aggressive purposes, employing special 
agents to urge their claims iu the State and 
national halls of legislation, the farmers have 
plodded patieutly along and accepted what¬ 
ever has been vouchsafed to them. The trou 
ble is not that fanning does not pay, but that, 
many other occupations are paid too well, 
at the expense of the former. Industry is 
robbed in many ways. It is robbed by high 
rates of interest; by extortionate freights ; 
by enormous profits on tools, machinery, and 
manufactures; by large commissions paid to 
dealers; and by the thousand and one tricks 
of agents and imposters. The farmer pro¬ 
duces whftt every one must have ; and at 
everv corner some one lies in wait, to ile- 
1 see in a late Rural New-Yorklr that 
Mr. D. J. Thornhill wants a trough In 
which the water will not freeze and 1111 up 
the trough, I will give my plan, and my 
trough lias uot been frozen over tills Winter 
whon full of water. 1 have a Mishawaka 
windmill pump which gives mo all the water 
for forty head of cattle, ton head of horses 
and three hundred sheep ; my trough is 
twelve feet long, five feet wido and fourteen 
inches deep, made of two-inch pine plank, 
hold together with bolts. I eot it on brick 
underpinning, one foot from the ground; set 
in fence posts two feet from the trough on 
both sides and one end, then nailed on boards 
to t he posts two feet 1 uglier than the top of 
the trough ; covered the trough over with 
Inch board except the end that I did not 
board up ; left a space a foot wide the width 
of the same. L then took the sawdust from 
my ice-house and first tilled under the trough 
and then covered it over with the dust two 
feet thick and filled the space between It and 
the boards that I nailed to the post s ; the end 
that I let stick out 1 encased with dust by 
taking six-inch scantlings and nailing boards 
to them and then filling In with dust. I keep 
the hole for the stock to drink out of covered 
over with a board. When the stock are not 
drinking, I let my windmill fill the trough 
iu the evening ; when full I etop the mill and 
cover the trough. Wo have had very cold 
weather, with the mercury twenty degrees 
below zero ; and yet, when l lift the lid, the 
steam will raise as though it were a spring 
Rolling Prairie, Ind. John W. Zeigler. 
tor prices than now obtains. Mr. Lewis of 
Herkimer, Mr. Farrington of Yates, Mr. 
Henderson and Major Bidlejm an participa¬ 
ted warmly in this discussion, but our space 
is too limited to give it in detail. 
Evening Session. 
The President stated that the Correspond 
ing Secretary, Mr. Shull, had received a dis¬ 
patch from i In<Don announcing the illness of 
Hon. John Stanton Gould, who had been 
engaged to deliver the annual address this 
evening. As Mr. ( louLD could not be present 
it was proposed to have a short evening ses¬ 
sion and occupy the time in the discussion of 
some topics. Mr. Lewis of Herkimer moved 
that the next annual convention be held in 
Chautauqua Co. The question elicited a very 
spirited diseusssion. Mr. Burnham of Chau¬ 
tauqua, offered to provide a hall in Sinclair 
ville for the association, if the convention 
could bo held there. Said the hall had ca¬ 
pacity for seating 1,400 persons, and he would 
guarantee that it should be tilled. He thought 
$500 could bo raised to meet the expenses of 
the convention. The resolution was dually 
modified and passed, recommending the next 
convention to be held in some part of the 
Stat e other than Herkimer Co., and In such 
locality as would offer the best inducements 
for holding said convention. 
DUMMY CHEESE. 
Mr. S. A. Farrington of Yates county, 
said that certain cheeses of his manufacture, 
when about six weeks old, commence to 
crack, and exude a gummy liquid, which 
subsided In about a week to ten days. The 
cheese did not huff ; they were tine in tex¬ 
ture and in flavor. They were made from 
grass milk and on the Cheddar process, ilo 
was unable to account for this gummy sub¬ 
stance, and had never seen anything similar 
except last Fall, in some cheese in Canada. 
Air. Lewis thought it resulted from some 
j peculiarity in cluing. He believed that ten 
times as much bad flavored cheese came 
Rants in the United States only twelve mil 
lions and a half are engaged in gainful occu¬ 
pations. Of this number nearly six millions 
are engaged in agriculture ; two million seven 
dundred thousand in manufacturing, muchau- 
icah and mining pursuits; one million t wo 
hundred thousand in trade and transporta¬ 
tion ; and nearly two million seven hundred 
thousand are rendering professional and other 
personal service So it will be seen that ag¬ 
riculture gives employment to fully one half 
our industrial population. The capitalist, t he 
railroader, speculator and others, fix the pri¬ 
ces of then part of the work, which is done 
in connection with farm products, but the 
farmers do not fix the prices of their own 
commodities. The workingmen combine and 
advance the price of their labor, and the far¬ 
mer pays the bill in the increased price ol 
farm implements. Professional men fix the 
rates of their services. But what shall the 
farmers do I Shall they combine to regulate 
prices ? If they did, the moment the prices 
of the products of the farm were put up, all 
other occupations would advance their prices 
because of the increased expense of living. 
It would be simply un even race, and end, 
when it did end, iu u draw game. The rem¬ 
edy, he thought, w as uot in a combination to 
put up prices, but In a combination to put 
down combinations for extortion and other 
purposes of robbery". You must strike 
through the ballot box to secure wholesome 
legislation. Each tradesman and mechanic 
CORN COB MEAL FOR STOCK 
I beg leave to say a word iu ans wer to the 
inquiry of E. O. D., (page 27,) on the corn 
cob question. Owning four oxen, a cow and 
one horse, I had, quite recently, to decide for 
our man, whether the corn should be ground 
cob and corn, or only the coni. Before giv¬ 
ing the order I consulted a farmer of many 
years’ experience, and I learned from him. 
that there is a sharp hull which lies directly 
under the corn, and which adheres to the cob 
when the corn is shelled ; this little sharp 
substance cannot bo ground, it being very flat 
and thin, remains the same after the cob is 
ground as before ; and being so sharp, It cuts 
the stomach of a cow or an ox, almost as bad 
as if glass; that if fed vo a cow any length 
of time every day it will so cut and irritate 
the stomach of t he animal that blood will be 
found hi the droppings. 
My friend tells me mat he knows this to 
ho a fact, and he farther says that there Is 
not a particle of nourishment in the com 
cob. “Why.” -aid he, “leaving out the 
actual injury done to animals by feeding 
ground cob, 1 would much rather give saw¬ 
dust. mixed in the meal.” N. W. R 
grass widen rarmers nave snecieu m pasum-i 
and meadows, and t he seeding has been done 
with only two kinds of seed, Timothy and 
clover. Wo condemned this practice, and 
recommended a variety of seeds, chief of 
which, tor nutritive value, in the June grass. 
Orchard grass, although but little known, is 
valuable, and is next to June grass. Should 
the summer fallowing system lie adopted, by 
which to prepare for permanent pastures, he 
would recommend sowing from 100 to 150 
pounds of plaster per acre, as early as the 
middle of May. He said it cost more money 
to Hummer Inc dairies iu Herkimer county 
than it docs to Winter them. The excess of 
capital invested in lands Used for pastures 
over that invested in mowing lands will, if 
put at interest at seven per cent., pay for all 
the necessary labor required to cut, cure and 
store all the bay for the Winter food of our 
dairies. lie knew some dairymen who were 
using five acres for the pasturage of each 
cow. The wintering cost much less than the 
pasturage of our cows, and this difference 
was mainly owing to neglec t of pastures. I f 
they were given proper attention, it would 
take much less land to pasture a cow than 
a portion of the- cream could be removed 
from the milk without injury to the cheese. 
Air. Lewis said the cream which visas on 
the night’s milk could be safely removed and 
made into butter. He had practiced this in 
his own dairy for the past eighteen years, and 
no buyer ever suspected the cheeses were 
skimmed; and indeed they were not, any 
more than at the factory, where the agitator 
and the rake worked off the butter into the 
whey, 
Wednesday's Session. 
The Convention was called to order at 11 
A. M., and Hon. Josiah SHULL presented a 
communication from the Executive Commit¬ 
tee of the United States Centennial Commis¬ 
sion in relation to the International Exhibi¬ 
tion of the products arts and Industries of 
this country, to be held iu Philadelphia in 
4876, as a centennial celebration of our iude 
peudeuce, the exhibition to commence in 
April and close in September. The commu¬ 
nication invited co-operation of the Associa¬ 
tion. On motion, the following committee 
was appointed to consider the matter of co¬ 
operation and act for the Society Messrs. 
Skull of Herkimer, Bi iulam of Chautauqua, 
SH0ATS IN A BARN CELLAR 
produce a corner' anu control prices snouiu 
be punished severely. 
Farmers must act independently—elect men 
who will vote in Congress or Legislature for 
measures that shall reflect the views of those 
who elected them, and thus the object sought 
may be attained. 
He next spoke of the tyranny of trades 
unions, and denounced them as among the 
greatest evils of the times. He said they 
were outrages on employers and apprentices, 
and by interfering with the rights of the in¬ 
dividual to choose what occupation lie pleas¬ 
es, or employ as many apprentices as he 
please 3 , they turn many worthy young men 
adrift iu the ways of idleness and crime. He 
was in favor of free schools, in which both 
boys and girls may fit themselves for what¬ 
ever occupation they please and pay their 
way as they go. He urged the establishment 
of industrial achools, where men and women 
could be educated in any branch of industry 
and in the shortest possible time. In conclu¬ 
sion he advised the establishing of fanners 
clubs in every school district which shall be 
part of a town organization of the same char 
acter, and this town organization shall be a 
branch of a county organization which shall 
have a regular representation in some State 
society like this one now holding its annual 
meeting at Little Falls. Thus organized they 
could act for their best interests and secure 
all necessary legislation for their benefit, and 
for the suppression of conspiracies. He could 
COAL ASHES FOR SANDY SOIL. 
I. A. Fries asks if coal ashes are of any 
value to apply on yellow, sandy soil. Very 
little, we think, except Ill case unformented 
manure is applied with them. They are bet¬ 
ter for stiff days, where the object is to 
change the mechanical texture of the soil. 
They are useful to throw into privy vaults as 
deodorizers, and then use the manure, thus 
deodorized with the ashci, on mi> crop de¬ 
sired. They are excellent, also, as an appli¬ 
cation to grass lands—especially v hero top- 
Skull of Herkimer, Bciulam of Chautauqua, 
FARRINGTON of Yates, Brown and Lewis of 
Herkimer. 
BRANCHES OF fARMINQ WORK INTIMATELY CONNECTED 
WITH DAIRYING. 
Mr. J. V. H. Sco ville of Oneida county 
gave a very elaborate and excellent address 
on the above. He -said he was constrained to 
believe that the dairy does pay, ami pay in 
the same way that economy and patient in¬ 
dustry always rewards earnest effort The 
idea, however, that it costs the farmer but a 
small percentage to raise his product, is an 
erroneous one. Isolated cases of flattering 
prollls have been published, but the ordinary 
experience of fanners is seldom given. He 
presented some statistics of two farms in his 
section. Mr, Fouues Head conducts a care¬ 
fully managed butter dairy on a farm of 100 
acres, with 12 cows, The cows yield, on an 
average, 225 pounds ol' butter each, or 2,700 
pounds. Reckoning interest on the value of 
the farm, etc., the total cost of the 2,700 
pounds of butter would lie $1,2:10, or 45c. per 
pound, whereas $825 was realized from the 
sale of 2,500 pounds, 200 pounds being used 
for the liouse. The other products sold for 
ESSENTIALS IN A GRAIN DRILL 
A young farmer asks us to catalogue the 
essentials to be considered in purchasing a 
first-class grain drill. Since wo do not use a 
grain drill, we shall be obliged if some of our 
readers who do, and who know what is most 
essential, will answer our correspondent. 
* 
