MOOSE’S BUBAL NEW-YOBKER. 
D 
13S 
SWABSH 1 " ! 
(Jield fljwfB. 
HOW TO GEOW CAREOTS. 
Plow early in Spring, four inches deep. 
Harrow well and roll or bush down ; let the 
ground lie till after the middle of May ; plow 
again as deep as your team Is able to draw 
the plow. Harrow and roll as before. Have 
the ground in perfect order, no lumps and as 
few rt>ne3 as possible. About the 20th of 
May, la y out your Held in drills, '2% feet apart, 
straight and uniform. Use a small, oue-horso 
plow ; four inches is deep enough. Spread in 
the drill a small quantity of well-rotted mar 
nure, or other fertilizer; close your drill-with 
a coveror, or plow, leaving a mound with a 
level surflce ready for the seed-sower. Reg¬ 
ulate the seed-sower so as to drop the seed 
from oae-half to one Inch apart; one-half lb. 
of seed is enough for an aurc. 
Before starting tire sowing, spread a little 
guano or phosphate on the top of the drill, 
very light in the center where the sower will 
come, and the seed will find it early. With a 
oareful hand, proceed with the sowing, ob¬ 
serving at each end if the drill drops the seed. 
When up, so that the rows can be seen—say 
one-half an inch high~go into the field with 
a steady horse, that will go slow attached to 
a horse-hoe or cultivator ; run light and very 
close. If the machine don’t work well, alter 
it in some way so that it will. Bend a point 
of an old scythe or a stout hoop-iron, turd put 
it In place of the share, so that you can go 
clo-e to the row and not cover the small 
plants. Before the weeds get too much start¬ 
ed, go through them again ; os they get larg¬ 
er, cultivate deeper. 
I never hoe, thin nor weed. When the 
plants are a fair size—say one inch through— 
give them a deep plowing with a small sub¬ 
soil plow aud with two horses. Let them 
remain till late, in the ground. Clip off the 
tops with a sharp hoe. Run a subsoil plow 
directly uuder the carrots and throw them 
out with a single furrow. 
Pit or protect them on the field. Cover 
them ac first with the tops. After a few days 
remove the tops, and secure them well with 
earth; never use straw or litter. They al¬ 
ways keep good in tills way, and never rot. 
For a number of years I have had no diffi¬ 
culty in raising an abundance of carrots in 
this way. It requires a little patience and 
perseverance. The labor is light and cheap. 
On ordinary land carrots want but little ma¬ 
nure. I think the top-dressing before sowing 
almost necossury to insure a crop. My best 
crops have been on potato ground, and 
where carrots have been grown several years 
in succession, My yield is generally about 16 
tons per acre. They will always pay better 
than potatoes, and can be raised and handled 
with less expense; and if our horses could 
speak, we should receive more thanks for 
raising them. 
Use long orange seed ; and if you are not 
sure of getting good new seed any handier, 
send to Gregory xor it. t. v. a. 
--—-— 
POTATOES-CAMPBELL’S LATE EOSE, ETC. 
I see the subscribers to the Rural are giv¬ 
ing their experience with Campbell’s Late-. 
Rose potato. I saw Mr. C.’s advertisement 
last Winter, and wroto to him for one pound 
of his potatoes, telling him, at the same time, 
that I supposed I world be “humbugged,” 
as I generally was with such thiugs. Iu due 
time I received ft letter from him, stating 
that my mouey hud beeu received, and say¬ 
ing that he did not think there was much 
chance of iny being humbugged this time. 
Now for the resultThe potatoes were re¬ 
ceived (G small ones), cut hi small pieces, aud 
planted by the side of Peerless, on rather dry, 
gravelly loam. They grew well—that is, the 
tips did, and bald green until late in the Fall, 
long after the Peerless were dead. When 
they wore dug, there was somewhere near a 
half bushel of very poor-looking potatoes, and 
of very small size—not near as large as the 
Peerless, right along side; treatment the 
same. How they will cook I do not know ; 
but I w • uld lice to take one dollar for the 
lot, which ia about four times what they are 
worth. I know some parties who bought a 
bushel of Campbell’s Late Rose who think 
they are a humbug. When I saw the men 
last, they had not tried them to see how they 
cooked, but they said if they did not cook up 
good they should not say anything about 
them. I suppose they bought them with the 
idea of raising them to sell for seed, I do 
not know what their yield was. but believe 
they had a good crop. 
There Is considerable complaint in regard 
to the Early Rose this year ; their quality Is 
not good, they being watery and strong. 
The Peerless are very good, but people are 
very much prejudiced against them, because 
last year they were rather strong. 
I wish some one would explain to us why 
it Is that all potatoes run out in a year or two 
after they are brought into a place. It is so 
with nearly every kind that I am acquainted 
with. When they are first brought to us, 
they yield enormously for a year or two, but 
the quality is generally poor ; after they hav o 
been planted about t wo years the crop begins 
to fall off in yield, but the quality improves, 
and they will yield less and less, until they 
are hardly worth growing. The Rose was 
very good iu quality when it first came, but it 
appears to be diminishing as to yield, and de¬ 
teriorating il quality. From what I have 
seen and heard, I consider the Rose a very 
tender potato, and more easilj T affected than 
most ot her varieties by wet and dry weather. 
Westport, Conn. A. 8. Nash. 
Jiulustijial ®o]iic<s. 
ESTHETICS AND AGRICULTURE. 
These words, when coupled together, pre 
sent a very strange appearance. There 
seems to be no affinity between them. The 
one suggests thoughts of studies, statues, 
painting, music and poetry, while the other 
is suggestive of patent fertilizers, cumbrous 
machinery, callous hands and brawny arms. 
It is the popular opinion that they are so 
widely separate that a conjunction can never 
be consummated ; and the idea is quite preva¬ 
lent that if a young man chooses agriculture as 
a profession, he must necessarily smother ail 
aspirations pointing toward the possession of 
a refined, cultivated brain and heart, and be 
content to discharge his daily duties, with 
thoughts scarcely raised above the level of 
his furrows. 
In other words, there is in the minds of 
many the thought that it is practically im¬ 
possible for one to acquire a symmetrical 
character, a true and comprehensive culture, 
that shall enable the possessor to successfully 
encounter tins varied experiences of life, and 
give him a conscious power and dignity 
among his fellows, and at the same time be 
closely identified with the producers of_/bc 
country. It is undeniably true, that even a 
superficial acquaintance with the social life, 
and habits of thought of many, too many, ag¬ 
riculturists, would almost inevitably lead to 
this conclusion. The average farmer is so 
completely absorbed iu devising and exe¬ 
cuting measures that shall swell his income, 
and givu him a reputation for financial acu¬ 
men, that neither time nor disposition is found 
for the development of any faculty or per¬ 
ception he may possess, unless he is assured 
that he can utilize it and compel it to minister 
to bis passion for money-getting. His home 
foitltfully mirrors the character of its occu¬ 
pant. It furnishes aliment for his physical 
nature, shelter and warmth, a place of abode 
where he may recuperate Jiis exhausted ener¬ 
gies, and fit himself for his daily toll; but 
beyond this there is an absolute dearth ; 
nothing comparatively to contribute to intel¬ 
lectual growth, or aid in developing a re¬ 
refined taste. The magnificent sunsets that 
so frequently greet his vision, burnishing 
the western clouds, and transforming them 
into mountains of gold, are unnoticed by him, 
save as they afford fancied data on which 
to hn.Tig a prediction in regard to the weather 
of the morrow. Thus he passes through life 
with eyes blinded, and mind contracted and 
dwarfed, ignoring the claims of his estbetical 
nature, and wilfully neglecting opportunities, 
which if rightly improved would bring him 
up to a higher social position and enrich his 
life with new and inspiring thoughts. 
I very gladly admit that there are many 
farmers to whom this language is in no sense 
applicable; men who are an honor to the 
profession of their choice ; men of large 
scope and elevated tastes : but why are they 
in the minority ? There Is nothing in agricul¬ 
ture, per se, to restrict those who are engaged 
in it to a condition of intellectual mediocrity; 
on the contrary it offers advantages for self- I 
culture that are pre-eminently superior to 
those connected with many of the equally 
active vocations. He who so desires, can find 
much in the varied and marvelous beauties 
disclosed with each changing season, to ex¬ 
pand the heart and fill the soul with new 
and joyous emotions ; while the ever-recur¬ 
ring and mysterious phenomena revealed in 
vegetable and insect life, stimulate the dili¬ 
gent student to more active research, and 
lead him on to fresh acquirements. 
Oakfleld, Wis., 1B72. “ F.B.J. 1 
n 
HOW TO SPAY HEIFERS. 
Wk have had repeated requests to publish, 
in detail, directions for this operation, in the 
Rural New-Yorker. We have never seen 
directions that we thought specific and clear 
enough until the following, which are given 
by a Kentucky correspondent of the Farmer’s 
Home JournalFirst, as to the proper age ; 
second, as to the weather ; third, as to condi¬ 
tion and placing in position ; and, lastly, as 
to the surgical part of the operation. 
A good age is from six to nine months. I 
have repeatedly operated upon them success¬ 
fully a month or two younger, but it is ad¬ 
visable that those without experience should 
not attempt it before the heifer Is eight cr 
nine months old. The ovaria are not suffi¬ 
ciently developed to be readily found and the 
parts to which they are attached are tender 
and easily lacerated. I have operated upon 
cows eight or ten yews old ; but it should 
never bo done while In calf. 
The Spring or Fall is the proper season of 
the year, say from the 20th of April to the 
20th of May, and from the first, of October to 
the middle of November. It is not always 
necessary to be confined to specified time, if 
the weather is good. I have never paid any 
attention to 1 unary or the signs of the zodiac. 
An animal, to be in condition for the opera¬ 
tion, should be kept from food and water at 
least, twenty-four hours, where they will be 
comfortable and can have protection from the 
sun. Its food, previously, should be of such a 
character that the bowels will not be const ipa¬ 
ted. Before the tying commences, the heifer 
should be confined in a smull stable or pen, 
and fatigued as little as possible. A rope with 
a noose may be placed over the horns, and 
the animal east on the ground. Fasten a flat¬ 
tened pole, or piece of lumber with the edges 
taken off, two and a-half by three inches, 
above the points of the hocks with strong 
bandages, passing around each repeatedly and 
crossing each tunc. (Soft leather straps, or 
good hemp slightly twisted, will answer the 
purpose). The legs should be spread, but not 
strained, apart. Before elevating animals 
with a good coat, it is best to remove that 
portion of the hair where the orifice is to be 
made. Now raise it partly off the ground, 
leaving only the head, neck and point of the 
right shoulder resting on the ground, in any 
way that may be most convenient. The most 
common way is to slide it up on a pair of 
skids twelve or fourteen feet long. If this 
mode is selected, it will be convenient, to have 
the gammon pole about eight feet long. 
Now as to the surgical part of the opera¬ 
tion It is necessary to have a good, sharp- 
pointed knife, with the edge straight, and 
about four inches iu length. The point should 
be blunted, or whittled off, as well as about 
one fourth of an inch of the keen edge at the 
point; also u needle six inches long, curved 
towards the Cud, sufficiently large to carry a 
soft, twisted string the Bize of a common oat 
straw (I prefer shoe thread). Place the point 
of the knife, with tliu back down, from one- 
half of an inch to the right of the middle line 
or scam in the abdomen, and immediately iu 
contact with the forward part of the udder. 
Press It with the right hand into the cavity 
of the body, usiug the left hand to steady It; 
when through, cut up into'the udder three- 
fourths of an inch, with the point of the knife 
slightly elevated; reverse the edge of the 
knife and cut in the direction of the brisket, 
with the point of the knife slightly depressed, 
so as to make the orifice about four inches 
long. Elevating and depressing the point of 
the knife as directed, is to insure the incision 
being a little longer in the peritoneum or 
“striffing,” than it is in the balance of the 
orifice. There are two good reasons for this, 
one of which is, this is the point at wluch 
inflammation ia most likely to set up, and it 
should be strained or irritated us little as pos¬ 
sible. The left hand is now to be inserted 
(the orifice should be large enough to admit it 
with little pressure, if any) and search made 
for the ovary, or “pride,” which is found 
swinging or floating, as it were, between the 
lower end of the orifice and the back of the 
animal. They vary in size according to 
age ; some being as small as a corn-field bean, 
and others os large as an English walnut, and 
feel soft and pulpy to the touch. When one 
is found, place the ovarian ligament, which 
is about one-third of an inch iu length, be¬ 
tween the end of the thumb and the first 
joint of the fore finger, and draw it carefully 
and steadily to the inner edge of the orifice, 
and with a knife, or crooked scissors, detach 
the ovary, by cutting the ligament, find take 
it out (no ligature will be necessary). While 
ft is being drawn into the orifice, you may 
expect the anirual to struggle, and if so, let 
the hand give way, but not your hold of liga 
merit. Proceed in the same way with the 
other. The membranes which envelope the 
ovaria arc thin and gauze like, and scarcely 
ever drawn to the orifice without being 
lacerated. I prefer cutting them off, but if 
not removed, they waste away. Should the 
operator not be successful in finding the ova¬ 
ria as directed, lie has only to draw one prong, 
or fork, of the womb out, and by slipping it 
through his fingers to t he lower end, it will 
certainly be found ; these prongs are alike, 
each about, six or seven inches long and taper 
to a point; after removing the ovary, return 
this prong to its place and proceed in the 
same way with the other prong. 
The orifice should be closed by three inter¬ 
rupted sutures, barely bringing the edges in 
I contact with each other. Draw the thread 
in the needle through a wet hand several 
1 times, to smooth it. One half of an inch to 
the right Bide of the orifice, stick the needle 
through the skin, flesh and peritoneum, with 
the fingers of the left hand supporting the 
peritoneum ; reversing the direction of the 
needle, pass it through the opposite lip of the 
wound. Clip the thread, leaving each end 
six inches long. Take two other stitches in 
like manner, cutting the thread each time 
the same length. This done, proceed to the 
end, each string separate and apart from the 
others, the middle one lost ; draw all the 
knots to the right side and leave the ends 
hanging ; release the annual nnd let her get 
up at her pleasure. At the end of a week, 
confine the animal in a very small enclosure, 
and cut the cords and draw them up. 
I have never known a cow or heifer to die 
from the operation ; and if the thousands that 
are annually brought to the blue grass coun¬ 
ties and sold, were all spayed, it .would be a 
sour ce of immense income to Kentucky. 
It is hardly necessaiy to add that the hands 
and knife should be washed between each 
operation. 
TO PREVENT CATTLE HOOKING 
FENCES. 
1 live on a village corporation, have but a 
few acres of land and keep a cow which runs 
in a lot entirely alone ; and she has for years, 
(notwithstanding my effort to the contrary,) 
been gradually getting into the habit of root¬ 
ing or hooking rails off the fence. 1 have 
tried a board over lrcr face ; but she learned 
to do it with that on. A friend suggested to 
me a plan similar to the one figured in the 
Rural New-Yorker, of Feb. 8th, but with 
this difference, instead of making a hole 
through the nos© of the cow, I took a wire, 
one-fourth of an inch in diameter, and about 
inches long, and bent it to an oval shaped 
ring ; and leaving the ends about five-eighths 
of an inch apart, and by a twisting move¬ 
ment pressing the dividing gristle of the 
cow’s nose through the five-eighth inch space 
in the ring, left the r ing hanging loosely in 
the nostrils. 1 then securely twisted one end 
of an annealed wire about the size of a large 
knitting needle to the ring, and long enough 
to pass up t hrough a hole in the horn above, 
from that through a hole in the other horn, 
and from that down to the ring, fastening 
that end also around the ring, bringing the 
ring close to the nose, with the wire through 
the horns drawn tight. 
This plan proved entirely successful. I tried 
a cord instead of a long wire, but it did net 
work well ou account of the wetting and 
drying, tightening and slackening of the 
cord. Avery T. Northup. 
Delaware Co., N. Y. 
-- 
TO PREVENT COWS KICKING. 
There may be some of the readers of the 
Rural New-Yorker who hu\ o kicking cows 
to milk and do not know this remedy, which 
I have tried myself this Winter. I had a cow 
that it was almost impossible to milk with¬ 
out it. I took a strap and buckled it around 
the body of the cow right iu front of the bag. 
Iu this way I could milk her as well as any 
cow. J. O. Wadsworth. 
Wayne Co., N. Y. 
BLOODY MURRAIN REMEDY. 
Mr. C. R. Moore, Johnstown, Va., states 
that one of his neighbors lost four out of six 
head of cattle from bloody urinary dis¬ 
charges. All the six were attacked, and he 
saved the other two by pouring a pint of pe¬ 
troleum, such as he burned, down each of 
their throats, and they recovered. 
To Kill Lice on Cattle, dust the ani¬ 
mal thoroughly with plaster or gypsum ; or 
with dry water lime. But if this is done, 
do not let the animal get wet until the lime 
is out of the hair This answers P. F. M. 
: 
